Northern Circumpolar Constellations

What does circumpolar mean?

• to circle around the pole- or North Star.

• daily trace circles around the north celestial pole, without setting or dipping below the horizon. • move in a counterclockwise direction. • On any given night, the constellation is visible during a portion of the circle; the rest is traced out when the constellation is hidden in the daylight sky.

This is what I mean:

Circumpolar Constellations :

• • • • • Ursa Major , the Big Bear (includes the Big Dipper ) Ursa Minor Cassiopeia Cepheus Draco , the Little Bear , the Queen of Ethiopia , the King of Ethiopia the Dragon

The Big Dipper shows the way to Polaris

But it is not a real constellation:

What is it? An ASTERISM • The Big Dipper and Little Dipper are part of two other official constellations • The Great Bear and Little Bear respectively.

• They are a familiar, but unofficial grouping of stars.

The Little Dipper w/ Polaris

Why is Polaris so important?

• it stays relatively fixed in the heavens while all of the other stars move in circular arcs throughout the night.

• In the past, it has been called ‘the ship star’, ‘the leading star’, ‘star of the sea’ and the ‘steering star’ • Native Americans called it the ‘nail of the sky’.

Draco the Dragon

The King and Queen

Does Precession effect the Pole Star? YES!!

• The Earth is like a spinning top.

This wobble changes the spot that the Earth’s axis points to in the Northern sky.

These are the stars visible in the southern polar sky.