Transcript Memory

Memory
Psychology 3906
Introduction
• Skinner vs. the cognitivists
• Cognition FTW
• However, we still use the methods of
course
• The study of animal cognition and
memory started in the mid 70s
The Dalhousie conferences
• Conferences in the 70s, as I mentioned
the other day
• Not just in Canada, but there was a
huge Canadian component
We rule
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Cheng
Sherry
Revusky
Staddon
Spetch
Shettleworth
Honig
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Baker
Grant
Wilkie
Hogan
Lolordo
Wiesman
Roberts
Key terms and method
• Working memory
– What you need to complete a sinlge trial of
some task
• Reference memory
– The rules of the game, the requirements
for any trial of a task
Matching to sample
Matching to sample
• MTS can be DMTS
• Or you can have delayed non matching
to sample
• Or symbolic matching to sample
• Stimuli can be colours, or shapes or
spatial locations
The Radial Maze
• Olton and Samuelson
(1976)
• Working and reference
memory errors
• Also used with many
different species
• Might relate to foraging
in some species
• Food is information, not
reinforcement
Conditions
• Salience
– ITI and duration play a role here
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Surprise
Chunking
RI and PI
context
Species differences
• First off, the lowly pigeon has one hell of
a memory for individual slides
• Al Kamil and Russ Balda have found
amazing long term memory in corvids
• Anders Brodin has found long lasting
cache memory in parids
• Are differences specific or general?
Food storers on different tasks
Task
CN
PJ
MJ
SJ
storing
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2
3
4
Hp vol
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2
3
2
Cache
1
2
Maze
1
1
2
2
Sp
1
DNMTS
Colour 2
DNMTS
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
Contents of memory
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Retrospective vs. prospective encoding
Roitblat 1980
Symbolic matching
1) Red sample -> Horizontal line
2) Orange Sample -> Vertical line
3) Blue Sample -> Almost vertical line
If they make mistakes when the choices are 1
and 2, they are encoding retrospectively
• If they do when the choices are 2 and 3, they
are encoding prospectively
contents
• Directed forgetting
• Metamemory
• Implicit vs explicit memory
In sum
• We are scratching the surface
• Don’t try to get inside an animal’s head
• New cool stuff all the time