Transcript Slide 1
CONSUMERS
ANNIVERSARY-2013
th
Core Objective
• To Facilitate Registration of Sustainable Pest Management Technology for Specialty Crops and Minor Uses • Throughout the fifty years, IR-4 has adapted and modified its mission to provide the best service possible to US Specialty crop growers.
Most: Vegetables Fruits Nuts Herbs Spices Specialty Crops Include:
Specialty Crops Include: Most: Greenhouse Nursery Landscape Christmas Trees
Value of Specialty Crops in US Agriculture
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are high value/low acreage crops
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make up about
$64 billion in sales
Enhanced Activities
1963
Food Program
1970 and 80’s -
Ornamental Program
-Regional Offices -ARS program -
Biopesticide program
1990 – 2000’s -FIFRA 88 -GLPs -FQPA -Reduced risk -Crop group updates -International MRLs -Invasive pests -
Public Health Pests
Deliverables w/Food Crops
IR 4…The Story Continues The IR-4 Research Process and Special Programs
Grower experiences pest problem Identify Pest Management Solution Stakeholder Involvement
Stakeholder Involvement Process Starts with a Formal Request for Registration Assistance Request Reviewed by Industry Not Supported Supported No further Activities Enters Project Priority Setting System
EPA review Red light/green light Stakeholder Involvement Project Priority Setting System (supported projects) Final review before annual workshop 500 possible projects For workshop Annual Review with Registrant
Stakeholder Involvement 500 possible projects Web Nomination 200 remaining projects 85 Studies Requests Prioritized at Food Use Workshop Grower, researchers & industry attend Identify top research priorities Approved Research Plan for following year Use consensus decision making process by growers and researchers only
IR-4 International Activities IR-4 supports US Exports by removing pesticide residues as a trade barrier and
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is active in the following areas.
NAFTA Support Existing Tolerances Leadership Research
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Global residue studies
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Tomato & Blueberry (US Exports) – NAFTA, OECD, Codex Capacity building
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Capacity Development
Why is IR-4 involved
Vision of global network of capable minor use programs that can address grower needs and generate data.
– Help establish and mentor these minor use programs (e.g. China, Brazil, Costa Rica) – Partner with other data development groups – Promote lower risk products Slide 14
IR-4 Vision
Global network of capable minor use programs working together to solve the MUP – Help establish and mentor these minor use programs – Partner with other data development groups – Address the many unresolved needs.
Global Minor Use Foundation Slide 15
Crop Grouping
OVERVIEW AND UPDATE
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Crop Grouping
Basic Concept: Crop Grouping is used to facilitate the establishment of pesticide tolerances for a large number of crops based on residue data from selected representative crops
Crop Group: A group of crops that are botanically or taxonomically related.
A crop group includes representative crops.
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Crop Grouping - Definitions
Representative Crop(s): Crops in a crop group whose residue data can be used to establish a tolerance on the entire crop group or subgroup.
Generally the highest residues and most economically important
Crop Subgroup: More closely related crops in a crop group that are divided into smaller groups with one or more representative crops .
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Crop Grouping - Revisions Why Revise Crop Groups:
No new crop groups were developed since 1995 because of regulatory constraints
Many orphan crops not included in a crop group
US population more diverse with new ethnic foods available
Increased globalization of markets, trade
Need to facilitate import tolerances
Need for international harmonization (Codex) of crop groups, definitions and vocabularies
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Crop Grouping - Benefits
Without Crop Grouping would need to do a separate study for each crop.
Fruiting Vegetable CG: Conduct studies on 3 Representative Crops - Tomato, Bell Pepper and Non Bell Pepper - obtain a tolerance on 19 crops – So conduct 3 studies instead of 19 studies.
Average cost of a study is $110,000, total savings for this crop group would be over $2.0 Million.
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Crop Grouping - Benefits
Save Research $$$$: Assume each study costs $110K. Approx 300 crops will be added when finish Herbs and Spices = 300 X $110K = Potential $33M in savings just to date…
IR-4 Labs can operate more efficiently
Growers benefit by obtaining labeled uses more quickly.
EPA saves time and personnel in reviewing tolerance petitions.
IR-4 Centers operate more efficiently concentrating on only representative crops.
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Example of ChemSAC Approval Current Fruiting Veg. (except cucurbits) Revised:
Tomato, Bell Pepper and one cultivar of non bell pepper
New Subgroups:
Eggplant, Groundcherry, Pepino, Pepper, Tomatillo, Tomato
Added Crops (+13): Fruiting Veg. (except cucurbits) Rep Crops:
Tomato 8A Pepper/Eggplant 8B Nonbell pepper/Eggplant 8C
Member Crops (6):
African eggplant, Bush tomato, Cocona, Currant tomato, Garden huckleberry, Goji Berry, Martynia, Naranjilla, Okra, Pea eggplant, Roselle, Scarlett eggplant, Sunberry, Tree tomato 22
Tree Tomato Additions to Fruiting Vegetables CG Goji Berry
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Progress and Accomplishments
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19 U.S. crop group petitions have been submitted to the EPA
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9 have been published in the Federal Register
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5 have been approved by ChemSAC 1 under review by HED Scientist (Herb & Spice) Legume Vegetable, Leaves of Legume Vegetables, Legume Vegetables and Foliage of Legume Vegetables submitted to EPA
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Cucurbit Vegetables under IR-4 and ICGCC review
Crop Groups – Web Site
All Crop Groups, Subgroups, Representative crops and Crop Definitions can be found on the IR-4 Web Site:
http://ir4.rutgers.edu/Other/CropGroup.htm
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Crop Grouping
US, EU and Codex Crop Groups undergoing revision
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US/NAFTA Crop Groups being revised based on IR-4 petitions, which are developed from work of EPA/OPP, USDA, International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC)
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Codex revising Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds - based on work of ICGCC/EPA/IR-4
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EU revising Crop Groups as part of new Reg (EC) 396/2005
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Others as well, Brazil, India, Taiwan, etc….
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The expectation is to have the Codex be the authority/basis of crop groups.
Fruit type Crop Group
Berry & Small Fruit Group Pome Fruit Group Citrus Fruit Group Stone Fruit Group Tropical Fruit Groups
NAFTA
Codified Codified Codified Codified
Codex
Adopted Adopted Adopted Adopted Review complete Adopted
Type (Codex)
Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit
Vegetable type
Crop Group Bulb Vegetable Fruiting Vegetable Stalk, Stem and Leafy Petiole Leafy vegetables Brassica Head/Stem Vegetable Root/Tuber Vegetable Edible Fungi Group Legume Vegetables Cucurbit Vegetable NAFTA
Codified Codified Review complete Review complete Review complete Submitted Codified Submitted To be submitted
Codex
Step 7 Step 7 Step 7 Step 7 Step 7 Step 5 Step 7 To be submitted To be submitted
Type (Codex)
Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable
Other Commodity Types Crop Group
Tree Nut Group Oilseed Group Tropical trees and shrubs for Bev and sweets Herbs and Spices
NAFTA
Codified Codified NA Submitted
Codex
Step 7 Step 7 To be submitted Step 7 Cereal Grains Forage/Fodder/ Straw of Cereal Grains Grasses for sugar or syrup To be submitted To be submitted To be submitted To be submitted To be submitted To be submitted
Type (Codex)
Nuts and Seeds Nuts and Seeds Nuts and Seeds Herbs and Spices Grasses Grasses Grasses
IR 4… is the ONLY Publicly funded program that conducts research and submits petitions to EPA requesting establishment of new tolerances
Who Pays For It?
Major Funding for IR-4 is Provided By: USDA-NIFA Competitive Grant and Hatch Act Funds in cooperation with State Agricultural Experiment Stations, and USDA-ARS Additional Support Provided By: USDA-APHIS Commodity & Industry Partners for Special Research Projects
Partnerships Make Things Happen Land Grant Universities Land Grant System and In-Kind support is valued at over $18,000,000 annually
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They provide: Analytical Laboratories Offices Research Farms Infrastructure and Administrative Support Pest Management and Crop Expertise
IR-4 National Headquarters
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Located at Rutgers University in New Jersey
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Responsible to manage and coordinate the day to day activities of the program
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Staffed with 28 full time Scientists, Coordinators & Administrative Personnel
IR-4 Regional Offices
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Northeast Region
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Geneva, New York Cornell University,
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Southern Region - University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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North Central Region - Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Western Region - University of California – Davis, California
IR-4 Regional Centers
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Each Regional Center is led by a Regional Director Regional Center Personal responsible for:
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Priority Setting and Field Research Management
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Analysis of Residue Sample Quality Assurance of Data
IR-4 Regional Centers - Field
• Coordinates specialty crop and minor use pest management needs from the region • Assist in priority setting • Places field trials and field research • Tracks, monitors, facilitates, and funds research work in the region • Coordinates efforts through Headquarters
IR-4 Regional Centers - Laboratory
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Develops and Validates Analytical Methods
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Analyzes Samples for Pesticide Residue
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Coordinates Efforts through Headquarters
IR-4 Quality Assurance
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Audits and Monitors Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Compliance in the Region
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Field and Laboratory Critical Phase Audits
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Raw Data Audits Final Report Audits
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Coordinates Efforts through Headquarters
Partnerships Make Things Happen Crop Protection Industry
Partnerships with biopesticide and chemical companies are crucial
Despite reorganizations within the chemical industry, companies continue to work with IR-4 to develop minor crop uses for their products
Alert chemical companies of potential market opportunities
Petition submission information sharing initiatives began in
Partnerships Make Things Happen Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC)
Provide direct input to:
Project Management Committee (CLC chair is voting member)
Workshops – Food Use and Ornamental
Provide key interface with House and Senate Agriculture Appropriations staff members
Efforts resulted in IR-4 budget increases for CSREES in FY 2005, 2008 & 2009 and ARS prior to FY 2004
Additional funding increases are needed to provide support for:
Field residue projects
Biopesticide and Ornamental programs
Analytical instrumentation and field equipment used to conduct GLP residue trials
Partnerships Make Things Happen Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
EPA/IR-4 Technical Working Group: Initiated in 1999, meets quarterly
IR-4 provides agricultural tours for EPA/USDA/NIFA personnel
Explores initiatives to facilitate minor crop tolerances
EPA reviews annual IR-4 residue program and potential new projects prior to the Food Use Workshop
IR-4 served as a leader with the agency on electronic petition submission
Partnerships Make Things Happen Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Annual Work Plan coordination
Sabbaticals by Dan Kunkel (2001), and Michael Braverman/BPPD (2002)
Partnerships Make Things Happen California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR)
Part of EPA/IR-4 Technical Working Group since 2001
Partnership between EPA and CDPR facilitated by IR-4 resulted in workshare petitions
Expanded number of IR-4 petitions reviewed
Great support from Senior Management and dedicated team
Partnerships Make Things Happen Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) and Agriculture and Agri Food Canada’s Pest Management Centre
Partnership with IR-4 began in 1996
First IR-4 work share petition with EPA was completed in 2002
In 2003, the Canadian government made a major funding commitment to minor crop growers through PMRA and AAFC
IR-4 workshare petitions with PMRA have been approved by NAFTA Technical Working Group
IR-4 Strategies
Track new technology
Focus efforts on Reduced Risk products
Develop registration strategies with companies
Use of representative crops to obtain MRL’s for Crop Groups
Track New Technology
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Track and monitor pipeline and newly registered products Pipeline is not robust but recovering
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Herbicide development for broadleaf crops is extremely limited
IR-4 Reduces Risk Strategy
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Focus research efforts on Reduced Risk Products Reduced Risk – 1993 EPA Policy to expedite the registration of products that pose less risk to human health and environment Since 2000, over 80% of IR-4 research involved Reduced Risk Products
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Reduced Risk use patterns for existing product registrations Registration of new, and support for existing, pest control products essential to Integrated Pest Management
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Registration of biologically - based pest control products
Registration Strategy
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Start research on new chemistries before the first food use tolerance Use representative crops to obtain tolerance for entire Crop Group Use “Super Crop Groups” for reduced risk chemistries to increase efficiencies
EPA Regions 12 11 10 9 7 5 8 6 4 2 3 1 13
Ornamental Horticulture Program
• Efficacy and phytotoxicity data development for diseases, pests and weeds: – cultivate new products with reduced environmental footprint • Investigate invasive pests • Study ways to manage development of resistance • Study impact on beneficial organisms
Ornamental Horticulture Program Activities
• Registration Facilitation – Develop efficacy and crop safety data for new active ingredients and updated current labels – Identify key issues where growers do not have sufficient tools – Screen biologically-based and/or conventional tools not currently labeled for use.
• Invasive Species – Collaborate with scientists nationally and internationally to facilitate research on mitigation and basic biology of exotic invasive species
Stakeholder: Define Pest Problem Identify Pest Management Solution Request Assistance from IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program
Research & Registration Process
The Process Starts with Requests /Survey
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Submitted from: Growers, Grower Groups, State/Federal Research & Extension Personnel Request Reviewed by Manufacturer Requests & Survey Results Prioritized At Ornamental Horticulture Workshop Manufacturer Markets Product with New Use on Label Field and Lab Research Research Is Completed for Efficacy and Plant Safety Data Submitted to Registrant Who Makes Label Amendment(s)
Ornamental Horticulture Program
The Four Steps of IR-4
• Step 1:
Identify grower needs
• Step 2:
Establish research priorities
• Step 3:
Establish research program
• Step 4:
Communicate research results
Ornamental Horticulture Program:
Research Cycle
January Establish Research Trials Annual National Research Planning Meeting Biennual Workshop Receive & Summarize Trial Data Identify Grower Needs Project Request Form Grower/Extension Survey July
Ornamental Horticulture Program
Website
• • • • • • Survey Project request form Protocols Summaries Workshop information Searches
Ornamental Horticulture Program
Statistics
22,000+ Crop Uses 23,245 Studies 101+ Registered Products 60 – 70 researchers every year 30,250 Completed Trials
50% of archived records validated as of 2013
Ornamental Horticulture Program
Invasive Species
• Q Biotype Whitefly • Gladiolus Rust • Impatiens Downy Mildew • Chili Thrips • Chrysanthemum
• Spotted Winged
White Rust
Drosophila
• Shipping of Invasive
• Brown Marmorated
Arthropods
Stink Bug
• Boxwood Blight
IR-4 Biopesticide & Organic Support Program
Biopesticide Research
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Formally Established in 1982 Some activities prior to 1982: regulatory assistance w/Bt
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1982-1994 Mostly regulatory assistance Some funding of research
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1995-2003 Regulatory assistance Early stage research Advance stage research (1999)
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Pilot Demonstration Program First year was $100,000 program ($80,000 from BPPD) Second and Third Years are $200,000 Program Each Year ($100,000 from BPPD)
Future Opportunities for Biopesticide & Organic Support Program
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Many promising new products, but can biopesticides compete directly with conventional crop protection chemicals?
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IR 4’s strategy since 2003 has been to encourage research to integrate biopesticides in rotation with conventional materials.
Key Areas
• Downey Mildew-Basil, Cucurbits • Greenhouse tomato • Thrips • Stink bug, Lygus • Bacterial Diseases • Phermones • Biotechnology
Public Health Pesticide Program
Public Health Pesticide Update – Funding I
The IR-4 PHP Program completed its first five-year funding cycle in June 2013: • 1 year of initial activities by HQ staff + • 3 years with a dedicated Program Manager + • 1 year Program Manager + Research Assistant.
• Draft Final Report to funders in the PMC materials file.
Public Health Pesticide Update – Funding II
• Dedicated funding (military + ARS) renewed for 2013 - 2018.
• New full-time limited-term RA will replace current employee, who starts vet. school.
Public Health Pesticide Update – EPA Action
• Approval of all-crops tolerance for the mosquitocide etofenprox.
• This is first EPA crop tolerance based on modeling data: • exposure due to multiple applications • percentage of U.S. crops potentially exposed.
• Supplemental studies: • Ground vs. aerial application • Foliar degradation
Public Health Pesticide Update – Regulatory Support
• Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSB) vs. mosquitoes and sand flies • Negotiate data requirements for novel vector control strategy: • Efficacy, • Pollinator protection, • Degradation / dissipation, • Phytotoxicity.