Transcript Document

Boating Skills &
Seamanship
Lesson 11
Lines & Knots for Your
Boat
Approved by DC-E USCG AuxA, Inc
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Lesson Objectives
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Materials used in making rope
Use, selection and care
How to store rope
About rope/line hardware
Useful knots
How to secure the boat’s line
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Marlinspike Seamanship
• Art of handling & working all kinds of
fiber, synthetic & wire rope
• Includes
– Knotting, splicing, worming, parceling,
serving & fancy work
• What to a landlubber is - ROPE
• To a seaman is - LINE
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Type of Line
• Natural
– Manila, Sisal
– Shrink when wet and rot when dry
– Weaker size for size than synthetics
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Type of Line (cont’d)
• Synthetics
– Nylon
– Strongest size for size of synthetic
– Stretches most, resists chafing
– Does not shrink when wet
– Good for dock lines, towing and anchoring
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Line
• Natural fiber
– Manila, Sisal, Hemp, Jute, Cotton, Flax
• Synthetic
– Nylon, Polyester (Dacron), Polypropylene
• Wire Rope
– Steel strands
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Natural Fiber Line
• Best is Manila
– Has strength, durability & minimal stretch
• Sisal is cheaper, but inferior
• Disadvantages
– Shrink when wet
– Rot if stowed wet
– Size for size, weaker than synthetic
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Synthetic Line
• General - good wet/dry strength, resists
water, mildew & rot
• Nylon - strongest, resists chafe, has
most stretch, good for anchor and
mooring
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Synthetic Line (cont’d)
• Polyester - costs more than nylon,
easier & smoother to handle, use
anytime, no stretch
• Polypropylene - floats, costs less,
deteriorates in sunlight, hard, slips on
cleats, cuts
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Manufacture of Line
• Laid
– Right laid
– Left laid
• Braided
– Single braided
– Double braided
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Kinds of Rope
Braid
Twist
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Composition of Right
Laid Line
fibers
yams
strands
rope
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Double Braided Line
core
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Wire Rope
• Maximum STRENGTH
• Minimum STRETCH
• Used mostly on sailboats for standing
and running rigging
• Used on davits
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Yachting Ropes
WEIGHT AND STRENGTH COMPARISON
SIZE
Diameter
1/4”
3/8”
1/2”
5/8”
3/4”
7/8”
1”
1-1/8”
NYLON
DACRON
MANILA
(lbs)
(lbs)
(lbs)
(lbs)
(lbs)
(lbs)
weight
Breaking Weight Breaking
Weight
Breaking
Per 100ft Strength Per 100ft Strength Per 100 ft. Strength
1.7
3.5
6.6
10.5
15.0
20.5
27.0
34.5
1,750
3,200
6,600
10,200
13,500
18,500
24,000
32,000
2.2
4.5
7.6
12.4
19.3
23.5
31.3
40.4
1,300
2,850
4,900
7,800
10,780
14,000
17,500
23,500
2.0
4.0
6.1
13.1
16.3
22.0
26.5
35.2
600
1,350
2,650
4,400
5,400
7,700
9,000
12,000
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“Ends” of Line
• Ends need to be protected from fraying
& unlaying
• Ends can be
– Whipped with thread/small stuff
– Taped with waterproof tape
– Dipped in plastic liquid
– Melted with heat/flame
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Temporary Whipped
start
finish
Pull & cut
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Making Up Lines
• Faking
Coiling
– Laying
Fakingout line in figure eights so it is free
to
run without tangles
Flemishing
• Flemishing
– Neat, ornamental way to store line on deck
• Coiling
– Proper way to put line away in a locker or
compartment
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Losing Strength in Rope
knots
splices
No knots or splices
Anchor or Fisherman’s bend
Timber hitch
Round turn
Two Half-hitches
Bowline
Clove hitch
Sheet bend or Weaver’s knot
Square or Reef knot
Eye splice
Long splice
Short splice
100
76
70-65
70-65
70-65
60
60
55
45
95-90
87
85
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Parts of a Line
Overhand
Loop
Working
End
Underhand
Loop
Standing
Part
Bitter
End
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Round Turn
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Basic Mariner’s Knots
& Bends
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Figure 8
Square Knot
Clove Hitch
Sheet of Becket Bend
Anchor Bend
Timber Hitch
Bowline
Half Hitches
Rolling Hitch
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Figure 8
• The Stopper Knot
• It can be untied after being
jammed
• Used on all lines on sailboat
except spinnaker sheets
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Square Knot
• Reef Knot - Alternate name
– Used to secure reefed sail to boom
– Fasten two lines of equal size
– Difficult to untie if jammed
• To tie
– Right over left, then
– Left over right
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Clove Hitch
• Used to tie line to piling
• Knot will jam under load
• Difficult to untie if load
cannot be relieved
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Sheet Bend
• Becket Bend - alternate name
• Ties two unequal sized lines together
• Easy to untie after heavy strain
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Two Half Hitches
• Used to tie a line to a Ring,
Piling, Post or Grommet
• Easier to untie under
tension and more
permanent than a clove
hitch
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Round Turn with 2 Half
Hitches
• To tie a line permanently to a piling
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Anchor or Fisherman’s
Bend
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The Bowline
• To make a temporary loop
– The rabbit comes up through the hole
– Around the tree
– Then back down
into the hole
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The Bowline
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The King of Knots
Easy to untie
Tie Jib sheets to Clew of Jib
Tie lines to fittings
Tie lines of equal or unequal
size together
• Tie a rode to an anchor
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Bowline
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Timber Hitch
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Rolling Hitch
Around once
Around again, cross over first turn
passing between the first turn and
the standing part of its own line
Tie a half hitch
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Cleats and Chocks
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Mooring Cleat
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Belaying to a Cleat
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Jam Cleat
Working End
Standing
Part
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Lark’s Head
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Cam Cleat
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Chock
• Used to protect boat and line
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Securing Cleats
• Use “through bolts” and backing block
Deck
Backing Block
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Securing Lines
Bow Bitts
Samson Post
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Dipping the Eye
• Other boat’s eye on piling
• Your eye can be removed or put on
without disturbing the other boat’s line
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Turnbuckle
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Blocks
• On a vessel, pulleys are called blocks
Cheek
Sheaves
shackle
Outer Strap
Inner Strap
Pin
Shell
Becket
Thimble
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Double Sheave Block
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Thimble
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Special Lines
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Lead Line
Measures Depth of Water
Weighted with a lead weight
(Hollow end for bottom sample)
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Dock Lines
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Stern line
Bow line
Breast line
Spring line
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Dock Lines
• Spring line
• Bow/Stern lines
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Fenders
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Summary
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Natural fiber vs. Synthetic line
Laid vs. Braided line
Coiling, Faking, Flemishing
Knots, Bends, Hitches
Splices
Securing lines
Dipping the Line
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