Transcript Asymmetric Sailing - Llandegfedd Sailing Club

Asymmetric Sailing
Some secrets
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Downwind speed?
 What’s the
fastest
theoretical
speed you can
sail directly
downwind?
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 2
Downwind speed?
 Max theoretical speed straight down
wind has to be wind speed – otherwise
what is pushing you?
 So - how do you go faster?
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 3
Polar Diagrams - 1
Typical RYA teaching
diagram
No go
zone
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 4
Apparent Wind - 1
 Boat goes at 5 mph
in 10 mph crosswind
 Vector addition
shows 11 mph wind
at 27° away from
true, 63° from bow
 This means as you
speed up you trim
the sails as the wind
moves forwards
wind
Apparent wind
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
boat
Slide 5
Apparent Wind - 2
 Boat goes at wind speed 45°
from downwind (say 10mph)
 Complex trig – (subtraction)
shows wind is still in front of
boat, 65 from the bow°
 The apparent wind speed is
now 7.8 mph
 You should bear away to go
faster! Get wind across the
beam
Apparent wind
wind
 Skiffs go much faster than
the wind – even more
pronounced effect
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 6
Apparent Wind - 3
 Boat goes near downwind
at 5 mph after Genniker
launch in 10 mph wind
 Subtraction shows wind is
behind the boat, near 180°
from the bow, speed about
5 mph.
Apparent wind
 You should head up a long
way to go faster. Get the
wind across the beam
 This mode is beginners and
launch/drop mode only
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 7
Polar Diagrams - 2
Real life with
apparent wind
angles for fast boats
Boats actually sail
with the apparent
wind and that is
what you set the
sails against
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 8
Apparent Wind Diagram
 We cannot go
upwind
 We can go downwind only at wind
speed
 Fastest point of
sailing is
“crosswind”
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
No go
zone
No go
zone
downwind
Slide 9
Genniker Secret
 Gennikers are not a downwind sail!
 They don’t work upwind (flap and flog)
 They don’t work downwind (collapse)
 They only work crosswind
 So only use them crosswind
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 10
Using Apparent wind
 Remember the effect of speeding up is to move
apparent wind forwards
 Re-set course to take advantage of apparent wind as
your speed changes
 Bear off in gusts
 Head up in lulls
 Remember the effect of slowing down is to move
apparent wind backwards
 So, sheet all sails accordingly
 Main is a big driver if used right
 It will come automatically with practice – your brain
does the sums!
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 11
Polar diagrams
Inner lines.
Slow boat at 10
mph wind
Outer lines,
Fast boat,
20mph with
and without
asymmetric
Genniker
Left hand
side, 18’ skiff
with extreme
angles
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 12
Essential tips
 At all points of sailing, including course
changing and mark rounding, consider;

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Boat Trim
Boat Balance
Centreboard (does this apply to us?)
Sail setting
Course made good (especially applies to us!)
 The RYA Level 2 Five Essentials
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 13
Applied essentials
 Boats not upright need rudder to correct the
course – it’s a brake
 All sails ought to be trimmed together
 When moving fast – sails need to be pulled in
further. When planing, main needs to be over the
boat – not set as per Wayfarer or Enterprise
 Limit turning speed to capability and
trimming speed, don’t “fall off”
 Max power is when boat is upright, crews
leaning out fully
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 14
Downwind speed tips
 Launch and recover Genniker whilst pointing
nearly downwind, boat bolt upright
 Head up, ideally until both crew are on sitting
out fully
 Hawk/burgee should be 90° to the boat at full
speed
 If less than 45° to centre-line you are far too
deep
 Play the Gennicker and the main, jib cleated
 Crew tells helm when pressure on Genniker
changes – more and less. Head up when less
 On gusts bear away
 On lulls head up to maintain speed
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 15
Gybing angles
 Most boats it’s about 90° through the
gybe (less when very windy)
 Angle on RS 400 is when the buoy is
seen behind the mainsail when the
helm is sitting out
 Apparent wind will then always be
abeam (real wind is much further
back)
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 16
Upwind Exercise – why?
Check 5 Essentials
 Boats flat
 Sails right
 Course Made Good - ~45° to wind
 Check Tacks
 Clean rounding
 Roll if wind strength suitable
 Sheeting in together on the up-roll
 Get back upwind to start downwind
work!
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 17
Upwind Exercise – how?
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Coach to gather boats by follow-my leader
Two whistles – head upwind
One whistle – tack
Next whistle – tack, etc
 Video attempted of each boat – check
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Angle of heel
Rudder central
Sail setting
Course made good
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 18
Downwind Exercise – why?
 Check 5 Essentials
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Boats flat
Sails right
Rudder near central – little force needed
Course (Made Good) - ~45° to down-wind
 Check Gybes
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Clean rounding
Roll if wind strength suitable
Sheeting in together on the up-roll
Maintain planing
 See how fast you can go! – that’s the racing
line
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 19
Downwind Exercise – How?

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Coach to gather boats by follow-my leader
Two whistles – head downwind
One whistle – gybe
Next whistle – gybe, etc
 Video attempted of each boat – check
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Angle of heel?
Rudder central?
Sail setting
Speed and course
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 20
Different speeds?
 Up and Downwind exercises will be
longer legs for the faster boats
 Join in when boats “collect” you
upwind or down to keep connected to
the group
 Stay together if feasible – you will
learn less if totally isolated
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 21
Capsizing
 If you capsize, we will probably
continue the exercise and leave you
once OK
 Multiple Capsizes – go in and have a
rest
 All capsized – its probably too windy!
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 22
Genniker Launch
Communicate
Bear off to Dead Run, Bolt upright
Kicker off, rig tension on
(400 – confirm Pole out, helm swings it
then and not before)
 Hoist like crazy, long pulls, use legs,
say when done
 Head up for power, both hike if at all
possible
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Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 23
Genniker Recovery
 Communicate!
 Bear off to Dead Run, bolt upright,
helm does all balancing with main sail
 Long pull, use legs, fast as possible
 Move around under control, don’t bang
around and upset the balance
 Crewe kicker back on, Outhaul on
 Mark settings on rig and other controls
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 24
Streamlines
 The back – leach of each sail should
be parallel – including the mainsail
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 25
Hoist to Drop life
cycle
Drop Zone
Power Zone
Hoist Zone
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 26
Apparent Wind 4
 Boat goes upwind at 45°
from real wind (say 5 mph)
 Complex trig – (really!)
shows wind is further to the
front of boat, 30° from the
bow (moved by 15°)
 The apparent wind speed is
now 14 mph
Apparent wind
wind
 This is why its colder upwind
– there is more of it.
 The angle is very slim
between stalled and
overpowered
 Faster boats may plane
towards the wind – but
control is on a knife edge
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 27
Rudderless Sailing
 Why? – because the rudder is a brake
– the less its used, the better.
 (how do you steer a bicycle – with no hands?)
 So how do we steer/go straight?
 Adjust the sails
 Adjust the heel of the boat
 Adjust the crew position
 Use sail controls
 What advantages? – go faster, better
control, better manoeuvring
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 28
Bearing away / Luffing up
 Bearing away – windward mark
 Mainsail let loose, jib kept in
 Roll boat to windward
 Luffing up – leeward mark
 Roll boat to leeward
 Pull mainsail in hard
 Use the rudder to “follow” the boat
Andy Howard
Llandegfedd Sailing Club
Slide 29
What to do with Gusts