Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Planet

The REQUIRED textbook for this course is:
Author/Title: Essentials of
Oceanography, 8/e
Alan P. Trujillo
Course/Section: Oceanography 251
Professor: Dr. John Wormuth
This text is a crucial resource for:
R Test Preparation
R Homework assignments
R Reading assignments
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Planet “Earth”
01_02
Over 2,000 years ago Eratosthenes determines the circumferenc
of the earth within 1% of today’s measurements.
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
The angle formed by the
horizon and the North
Star measures our latitude.
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
• 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates
the
world
Map of the World (about 1570 AD)
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
• 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates
the
world
• 1760 - first good chronometer
Developed by John
Harrison, a carpenter
by trade, in the
mid-1700’s.
It weighed about
40 kilograms.
Harrison’s final
chronometer. It
weighed about 2 kgs.
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
• 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates
the world
• 1760 - first good chronometer
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
• 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates
the world
• 1760 - first good chronometer
• 1769 - Ben Franklin publishes an early
chart of the Gulf Stream
Benjamin Franklin
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
• 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates
the world
• 1760 - first good chronometer
• 1770 - Ben Franklin publishes an early
chart of the Gulf Stream
• 1831 - five year cruise of the BEAGLE
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
• 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates
the world
• 1760 - first good chronometer
• 1831 - five year cruise of the BEAGLE
• Impediments to early ocean exploration
– determination of latitude and longitude
• 1522 - Magellan’s crew circumnavigates
the world
• 1760 - first good chronometer
• 1831 - five year cruise of the BEAGLE
• 1872 - CHALLENGER leaves England
for 3 1/2 year cruise
A bottom dredge used to
collect bottom-living
organisms in the deep sea.
• 1872 - CHALLENGER leaves England
for 3 1/2 year cruise
• 1888 - Marine Biological Laboratory
founded in Woods Hole
Massachusetts
• 1893 - Nansen sets adrift in the FRAM
Fridtjof Nansen
• 1872 - CHALLENGER leaves England
for 3 1/2 year cruise
• 1888 - Marine Biological Laboratory
founded in Woods Hole
Massachusetts
• 1893 - Nansen sets adrift in the FRAM
• 1912 - Alfred Wegner lectures on
continental drift
Alfred Wegner
• 1912 - Scripps Institution of
Oceanography becomes affiliated with
the UC System
• 1912 - Scripps Institution of
Oceanography becomes affiliated with
the UC System
• 1930 - Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution founded
• 1912 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
becomes affiliated with the UC
System
• 1930 - Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution founded
• 1949 - Texas A&M Department of
Oceanography and LamontDoherty Geological Observatory
founded
• 1960 - TRIESTE reaches 10,915m in the
Marianas Trench
The Trieste
• 1962 - Rachel Carson publishes Silent
Spring
• 1965 - Scripps Institution of
Oceanography develops FLIP (Floating
Laboratory and Instrument Platform)
FLIP
• 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in
the Pacific
Monster Bouy
• 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in
the Pacific
• 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts
operations
GLOMAR
CHALLENGER
• 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in
the Pacific
• 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts
operations
• 1977 - ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents
ALVIN
• 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in
the Pacific
• 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts
operations
• 1977 - ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents
• 1978 - Seasat is launched (first
oceanographic satellite)
Seasat
• 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in the
Pacific
• 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts
operations
• 1977 - ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents
• 1978 - Seasat is launched (first
oceanographic satellite)
• 1985 - JOIDES RESOLUTION replaces
GLOMAR CHALLENGER
GLOMAR EXPLORER
• 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in the
Pacific
• 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts
operations
• 1977 - ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents
• 1978 - Seasat is launched (first
oceanographic satellite)
• 1985 - JOIDES RESOLUTION replaces
GLOMAR CHALLENGER
• 1985 - JASON finds the wreck of the
TITANIC
• 1968 - Monster buoys are anchored in the
Pacific
• 1968 - GLOMAR CHALLENGER starts
operations
• 1977 - ALVIN finds hydrothermal vents
• 1978 - Seasat is launched (first
oceanographic satellite)
• 1985 - JOIDES RESOLUTION replaces
GLOMAR CHALLENGER
• 1985 - JASON finds the wreck of the
TITANIC
• 1992 - TOPEX/Poseidon launched
TOPEX / Poseidon
Scientific method
Fig. 1.9