Transcript The Biblical Covenants:

OT Survey II
Overview of the Prophets
Early Prophesies of Latter Times
4) Moses: Deuteronomy 30:1-10
3) Jacob: Genesis 49:1
2) Job: Job 19:25-27
1) Enoch: Jude 1:14-15
The Difficulty of the Prophets (e.g.,
Isaiah)
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Difficult Vocabulary
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Difficult Imagery
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Almost 2,200 total words. That’s ~ 33/chapter.
238 words used nowhere else
“Was it not Thou who cut Rahab in pieces, Who
pierced the dragon?” (Isa 51:9c)
“He will eat curds and honey…” (Isa 7:15)
Difficult Geography


Isa 10:28-34: A convergence on Jerusalem
Isa 11:11: “From Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush,
Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and from the islands of the
sea”
The Difficulty of the Prophets (e.g.,
Isaiah, continued…)

Difficult Hermeneutics
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Isaiah 7:14 – “Fulfilled” in Matt 1:22-23
Isaiah 61:1-2 – Read (partially?) by Jesus in Luke
4:18-19
Difficult Structure!
Structure
“What makes these books [i.e., Jeremiah and
some other prophetic books] particularly, and
one might say needlessly, difficult is the very
manner of their arrangement—or to be more
accurate, their apparent lack of arrangement.
The reader who meets them for the first time is
likely to be quite at a loss. All seems confusion.
There is no narrative for him to follow, nor can
he trace any logical progression running through
them and binding their parts together into a
Structure
coherent whole. No sooner has he grasped a
line of thought, and prided himself that he is
following it tolerably well, than it breaks off and
something quite different is being discussed.
The impression he gains is one of extreme
disarray; and one can scarcely blame him for
concluding that he is reading a hopeless
hodgepodge thrown together without any
discernable principle of arrangement at all.”
John Bright, Jeremiah, Anchor Bible, lvi.
(quoted in Dorsey, Literary Structure of the Old Testament, 236).
Bible Divisions
1) Torah (Genesis – Deuteronomy)
2) Former Prophets (Joshua – Kings)
3) Latter Prophets (Isaiah – The Twelve)
4) Writings (Psalms, Proverbs, etc…)
5) Gospels and Acts
6) Epistles
7) Revelation
The Prophets in the English Canon
1) Pentateuch: Genesis through Deuteronomy
2) Historical Books: Joshua through Esther
3) Poetry/Wisdom Literature: Job through
Song of Songs
4) Major & Minor Prophets: Isaiah through
Malachi
The Prophets in the English Canon
Books in the Prophetic Section of the English Bible
Major Prophets
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Minor Prophets
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
The Prophets in the Hebrew Canon
Books in the Prophetic Section of the Hebrew Bible
Former
Major Prophets
Latter
Minor Prophets
Joshua
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Judges
Lamentations
Samuel
Ezekiel
Kings
Daniel
Hosea Isaiah Nahum
Joel Jeremiah
Habakkuk
Amos Ezekiel
Zephaniah
The Twelve
Obadiah
Haggai
Jonah
Zechariah
Micah
Malachi
The Minor Prophets Twelve
THE LATTER PROPHETS BY SIZE
BOOKS CHAPTERS VERSES WORDS
Jeremiah
Ezekiel
Isaiah
The Twelve
52
48
66
67
1,364
1,273
1,292
1,050
42,659
39,407
37,044
30,305
4
233
4,979
149,415
Adapted from J. E. Smith, The Minor Prophets
***The Twelve also cover centuries, not decades!
The Prophets in the Hebrew Canon
1) Pentateuch: Birth of the nation, Mosaic
Covenant
2) Former Prophets: Fall of the nation, Davidic
Covenant
3) Latter Prophets: Hope of the nation, New
Covenant
4) Writings: Waiting of the nation, How long?
Time Period
Israel enters
Egypt
1876 BC
(Ex 12:40-41)
Abraham’s birth
2166 BC
(Gen 12:4; 21:5;
25:26; 47:9)
Torah
(Gen-Deut)
Solomon begins
Judah exiled
building the temple
by Babylon
966 BC
586 BC (also 605, 597)
(1 Kgs 6:1)
(2 Kgs 25)
The Exodus
from Egypt
1446 BC
(1 Kgs 6:1)
Former Prophets
(Joshua-Kings)
Israel exiled
by Assryia
722 BC
(2 Kgs 17)
Cyrus allows
exiles to return
539 BC
(Ezra 1:1-4)
Latter Prophets
(Isaiah-Malachi)
Time Period (cont…)
Jeroboam II (Israel)
Uzziah (Judah)
770 BC
Jonah,
Hosea,
Amos
Isaiah,
Micah
Assyrian
exile
722 BC
Assyrian
Defeat
701 BC
Nahum,
Zephaniah,
Jeremiah,
Habakkuk
Babylonian
exile
586 BC
Cyrus’s
decree
539 BC
Nehemiah in
Jerusalem
~ 420 BC
Ezekiel, Haggai, Malachi
Daniel Zechariah
Joel?
Obadiah?
Hosea, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel
Ezekiel
Hosea
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi
722
Fall of
Israel
701
Jerusalem
Spared
605
First
Deportation
597
Second
Deportation
586
Fall of
Judah
AFTER
“As AFTER
theBEFORE
wood
586of586
(cont…)
the vine
“If
you
will
indeed
stay
in
…anger
…are
"Behold,
among
…come
going
and
the
I about
set
wrath
to
trees
before
say,
that
have
of‘We
the
the
you
been
will
this
land,
then
Ion
will
build
the
sword,
forest,
not
way
stay
poured
which
which
ofinlife
this
out
Iyou
and
have
land,’
are
the
the
given
so
afraid
way
as
“Ito
will
deliver
you
and
this
you
and
not
tear
you
of
inhabitants
of
not
the
death.
will
toup
fire
overtake
listen
He
for
ofwho
to
fuel,
Jerusalem,
the
you
dwells
so
voice
there
have
inof
so
in
city
from
the
hand
of
the
down,
and
IEgypt;
will
plant
My
the
Ithe
given
this
wrath
LORD
land
city
upof
will
your
will
the
be
die
inhabitants
God,
poured
byand
saying,
theyou
the
out
“I
will
no
longer
show
king
of
Assyria.
will
and
not
uproot
you;
for
I
famine,
of
sword
‘No,
on
Jerusalem”
you
but
and
about
when
we
bywill
which
(Ezek
famine
you
goIenter
15:6)
to
you
and
the
are
compassion
to
the
house
shall
relent
concerning
the
defend
this
city.”
(Isa
38:6)
Egypt.
by
anxious,
land
pestilence;
of
And
Egypt,
will
you
follow
but
will
where
hebecome
closely
who
we
Israel,
should
“Although
I that
have
cast
them
calamity
that
Ifalls
have
inflicted
after
shall
goes
aofcurse,
not
you
outan
see
there
and
object
war
inIor
Egypt;
away
ofhear
horror,
to
and
the
far
off
among
the
Gentiles,
forgive
them;
but,
Iare
will
on
you.
Do
not
be
afraid
of
you
the
sound
an
will
Chaldeans
imprecation,
die
of there.
a trumpet
who
So
and
all
or
athe
“The
time
will
surely
come
and
although
Ilive,
have
the
king
of
Babylon,
show
compassion
towhom
the
besieging
men
reproach;
hunger
who
for
you
set
and
bread,
will
their
you
and
mind
will
and
see
we
to
when
everything
in
your
scattered
them
among
the
you
are
now
fearing;
do
not
he
will
gothis
will
to
stay
place
Egypt
have
there’;
no
his
to
more.’
reside
own
then
life
in
The
there
that
as
house
of
Judah
and
will
palace,
and
all
that
your
countries,
yet
Ithe
shall
be
athe
be
of
him,”
declares
case
LORD
booty.
willafraid
listen
die
has
For
by
to
spoken
Iby
the
the
have
sword,
word
to
set
you,
My
ofby
O
save
them
LORD
little
sanctuary
them
in
fathers
have
stored
up
until
the
LORD,
“for
I for
am
with
you
LORD,
famine,
remnant
face
against
O and
remnant
of
Judah,
by
this
pestilence;
city
of
‘Do
Judah.
for
not
their
God,
not
by
bow,
the
countries
where
they
to
save
you
and
deliver
you
go
harm
Thus
and
into
and
they
says
Egypt!’
not
will
the
for
You
have
LORD
good,"
should
no
of
this
day,
will
be
carried
off
sword,
battle,
horses,
or
gone…I
will
you
from
his
hand.
will
also
clearly
declares
hosts,
survivors
understand
the
the
or
God
LORD.
refugees
ofIgather
that
Israel,
“It
from
will
today
‘If
tohave
Babylon.
Nothing
will
be
horsemen”
(Hos
1:6b-7)
from
the
peoples,
assemble
show
youinto
compassion,
so
Ithe
be
you
have
calamity
given
really
testified
set
that
the
your
against
Ihand
am
mind
going
you.”
of
to
left,
says
the
LORD.”
(Isa
you
the
countries
that
hefrom
will
have
compassion
the
to
enter
king
bring
(Jer
Egypt,
ofon
Babylon,
42:10-19)
them.’
and
go
For
and
inthus
he
to
39:6)
where
you
have
been
on
you
and
restore
to
says
will
reside
burn
thethere,
LORD
it with
then
offire.”
hosts,
ityou
will…
(Jerthe
scattered,
andBut
I‘As
will
give
your
soil.
ifMy…
you…
Godown
of21:8-10)
Israel,
you the land of Israel.”
(Ezek 11:16-17)
Purpose of OT Survey

“This class is designed to survey the Hebrew
Scriptures so as to give the student a good
framework for understanding God’s plan and
character as He deals with the nation of Israel.
The Old Testament will be studied according to
the division of the English canon: Pentateuch,
historical books, wisdom literature, and prophets.
Emphasis will be placed on understanding
the broad sweep of this portion of divine
revelation, and particularly on how later
revelation builds on earlier revelation.”
Purpose of OT Survey

“This class is designed to survey the Hebrew
Scriptures so as to give the student a good
framework for understanding God’s plan and
character as He deals with the nation of Israel.
The Old Testament will be studied according to
the division of the English canon: Pentateuch,
historical books, wisdom literature, and prophets.
Emphasis will be placed on understanding
the broad sweep of this portion of divine
revelation, and particularly on how later
revelation builds on earlier revelation.”
Torah  Latter Prophets
Exodus 20
1) … no other gods before Me (v. 3)
2) … not make for yourself an idol (v. 4)
3) … not take the name of the LORD
your God in vain (v. 7)
4) Remember the sabbath day (v. 8)
5) Honor your father and mother (v. 12)
6) You shall not murder (v. 13)
7) You shall not commit adultery (v. 14)
8) You shall not steal (v. 15)
9) You shall not bear false witness (v. 16)
10) You shall not covet … (v. 17)
Hosea 4:1-2
Listen to the word of the LORD, O
sons of Israel, for the LORD has a
case against the inhabitants of
the land, because there is no
faithfulness or kindness or
knowledge of God in the land.
There is
swearing,
deception,
murder,
stealing,
and adultery.
They employ violence, so that
bloodshed follows bloodshed
Torah  Latter Prophets
Jeremiah 7:9-10: “Will you steal, murder, and
commit adultery, and swear falsely, and offer
sacrifices to Baal, and walk after other gods
that you have not known, then come and
stand before Me in this house, which is called
by My name, and say, ‘We are delivered!’ -that you may do all these abominations?”
Former Prophets  Latter Prophets
Jeremiah 31:31 "Behold, days are coming,"
declares the LORD, "when I will make a new
covenant with the house of Israel and with
the house of Judah.
Latter Prophets  Writings
Daniel 9:1-3: In the first year of Darius the
son of Ahasuerus, of Median descent, who
was made king over the kingdom of the
Chaldeans--in the first year of his reign I,
Daniel, observed in the books the number of
the years which was revealed as the word of
the LORD to Jeremiah the prophet for the
completion of the desolations of Jerusalem,
namely, seventy years. So I gave my
attention to the Lord God to seek Him by
prayer and supplications, with fasting,
sackcloth, and ashes.
Next Week
Song of Solomon