COMMON WINTER INJURIES

(AND HOW TO PREVENT THEM) I.M. Doctor, M.D.

My Office My City, State

I.M. Doctor M.D.

Office City, State

The information in this presentation was provided to the presenter by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and may be modified.

Endorsement of this presentation by the AAOS is not implied or inferred. Thank you to A. Herbert Alexander, MD for his significant contributions to the content of this presentation.

Winter Sports Injuries    Orthopaedic surgeons Specific injuries  What they are  How they occur  How to avoid them General precautions  Safety gear  Conditioning  Instruction

What is an orthopaedic surgeon?

 MD who specializes in treatment and health maintenance of musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, cartilage and spine)

What is an orthopaedic surgeon?

 The expert in treating the musculoskeletal system  The expert in maintaining musculoskeletal health

Educating an Orthopaedic Surgeon

      College Medical School Internship Orthopaedic Residency Fellowship (optional) 2 Years Practice

TOTAL

4 4 1 4 (1) 2

16 years!

What do orthopaedic surgeons do?

   Diagnose Treat    Medication Physical Therapy Exercise   Brace Surgery Prevent

Winter Injuries by Sport

Snow Skiing

 More than 131,000 injuries in 2007  Cost U.S. more than $4 billion

Snowboarding

 149,000 injuries in 2007

Ice Hockey and Ice Skating

 58,400 ice skating injuries in 2007  47,600 ice hockey injuries in 2007

Sledding  More than 106,900 injuries in 2007  Majority of injuries happen to children aged 14 and under

Winter Injuries by Type of Injury

Sports Injuries  Common Winter Sport-Related Injuries  Head injuries  Shoulder dislocation or fracture  Elbow injuries  Hand or finger injuries  Broken legs  Knee injuries  Ankle injuries

Head Injuries  10% of winter sport injuries are head injuries  Protect your head by wearing a helmet!

Shoulder Injuries  Glenoid  Humeral head Reproduced with permission from Bernstein J, Blazar PE, Campbell JT, et al: Anatomy, in Bernstein J (ed): Musculoskeletal Medicine. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

Shoulder Injuries: Dislocation Normal Dislocated

Shoulder Injuries: Acromioclavicular Dislocation

AC joint

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Illustration Reproduced with permission from Bernstein J, Blazar PE, Campbell JT, et al: Anatomy, in Bernstein J (ed): Musculoskeletal Medicine. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

Shoulder Injuries: Rotator Cuff Tear

Shoulder Injuries: Clavicle Fracture Normal Fracture

Elbow Injuries: Dislocation

Elbow Injuries: Radial Head Fracture  Signs and Symptoms:  Pain on the outside of the elbow  Swelling in the elbow joint  Difficulty in bending or straightening the elbow accompanied by pain  Inability or difficulty in turning the forearm (palm up to palm down or vice versa)

Hand and Finger Injuries: Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear   “Gamekeeper’s thumb” Ski pole-related

Knee Injuries      Bruises Sprains PCL MCL LCL Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

Knee Injuries: ACL Injury  Direct blow to knee  Non-contact injury, with foot plant  Landing on straight leg  Making abrupt stops  “Back seat” skiing

Knee Injuries: ACL Tear    Injury may require surgery Rehabilitation following surgery Return to sports when strength, balance, and coordination are normal

Knee Injuries: Meniscus Tear

Normal meniscus Torn meniscus

Broken Legs: Tibial Fracture

 Common in winter sports, particularly skiing  Can usually be treated without surgery

Ankle Injuries: Snowboarder’s ankle

Treatment  Common in winter sports, particularly skiing  Can usually be treated without surgery

When to See the Doctor     Inability to play Decreased ability to play Visible deformity Severe pain

Treatment  R.I.C.E. – Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation  Modify athletic activity  Cooperation and communication between patient, parents, coaches, and physician

Tips for Preventing Winter Sports Injuries

Preventing Winter Sports Injuries  General sports conditioning  Warm up and stretch before engaging in activity  Safety gear and skilled instruction  Snow skiing  Snowboarding  Sledding

Preventing Sports Injuries  Jump box  Half squats

Preventing Sports Injuries  Balance board  Aerobic exercise

Preventing Sports Injuries Warming up and stretching are two separate steps!

Preventing Sports Injuries

Warm up:

 Marching  Walk in place  Mimic the sport

Preventing Sports Injuries

Stretching:

 You should NOT feel pain  Hold stretch 30 seconds  Relax into the stretch

Preventing Sports Injuries  Know and abide by rules  Using proper equipment  Receive expert instruction  Pay attention to fatigue

Preventing Sports Injuries  Wear appropriate protective gear  Know how to use equipment  Never “play through pain”

Preventing Sports Injuries: How to Fall

Preventing Sports Injuries: How to Fall     Hands together, forward, over skis Skis together Weight forward FALL, don’t fight it!

Preventing Injuries: Sledding

   Adult supervision Safe sled paths Helmets

Preventing Injuries: Sledding

Designated areas only No public streets No sledding on plastic sheets

Environmental Injuries  Injury due to cold  Dehydration  Sunburn

Environmental Injuries  Wear proper eye wear  Goggles  Sunglasses  UV protection  Visual clarity  Different lighting/different lenses

Rules to Play by  Understand the activity  Learn the skills properly  Use appropriate equipment  Wear protective gear  Warm up and stretch  See your physician if you’re injured

Resources American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 6300 N. River Road Rosemont, IL 60018 orthoinfo.org

Winter Sports Injuries What are your questions and concerns?

Winter Sports Injuries  Remember, your orthopaedic surgeon can help get you back in the game