Transcript Document
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Fuel Substitution - Poverty Impacts on Biomass Fuel Suppliers Uganda Fuel Supplies and Household Energy Provision
25th January 2002
DfID Knowledge and Research
4/23/2020 REDC
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Uganda Energy Mix
A Study on Urban Households Show Different Levels of Energy Mixes across 4 different income categories Electricity Charcoal LPG Candle Firewood Paraffin Average monthly Total expenditure Std deviation Kurtosis
Income category (Million Shillings)
<0.1 0.1-05 0.5-1.0 1.0+ 5,633 7,833 - 12,259 10,813 10,000 33,707 17,180 4,667 42,850 13,343 - 600 1,000 3,166 14,033 6,806 -1.06 1,135 4,200 8,176 26,120 20,277 2 1,340 7,667 7,584 55,297 33,415 4 1,939 - 5,029 55,704 32,956 REDC 4/23/2020
Household Energy Overview
Based on the National Energy Balance Firewood is the main source of H/h energy Charcoal doubles up as the main Urban energy source LPG use is largely insignificant
3 Penetration Rate of H/hold fuels Tons of Oil Equivalents (TOE)
TOTAL CONSUMPTION % All secondary Energy
BIOMASS OIL PRODUCTS ELECTRICITY TOTAL Fuelwood Charcoal Residues Gasoline AV Gas Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil LPG Electricity TOTAL
5347331 316415 432838 156833 39754 50246 151501 38191 1318 60363 659479 1 81.1 4.8 6.6 2.4 0.6 0.8 2.3 0.6 0.0 0.9 100.0
92.4
6.6 Commercial Energy Cons. per capita (kgOE): 23.8
0.9 100.0
Energy Consumption per capita (kgOE): 315.1 REDC 4/23/2020
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Market size and Characteristics
Per capita Consumption
F/wd 218 Kg per capita per annum, Charcoal 2.45 Kg per H/h – “sigiri” , ICS 1.725 Kg per H/h. Annual Per capita 156.7 Kg
Travel to pick fuel
A v . d is ta n c e to s o u r c e ( k m ) Q u a n titie s p u r c h a s e d ( s a c s /M th ) H /h o ld c h a r c o a l e x p e n d itu r e o n < 0 .1
1 .5
0 .6 1 5 ,7 6 7
I n c o m e c a t e g o r y ( m illio n S h illin g s
0 .1 -0 5 0 .5 - 1 .0
2 .4
1 4 .8
1 .4
1 .0 + 6 .8
1 .6
7 ,6 9 8 1 0 ,7 2 2 1 3 ,1 0 0 REDC 4/23/2020
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`Price per Kg
The price of charcoal had remained stagnant over the past 7 years, with seasonal shifts
–
currently 15,000/= a bag normal price 8000 Bag = 50Kgs 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0
A v e r a g e 4 t h Q u a r t e r M a r k e t P r i c e s
1 9 9 3 C h a r co a l 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5
Y e a r
1 9 9 6 P a r a f fi n C o o k o i l REDC 1 9 9 7 S o a p 1 9 9 8 4/23/2020
Comparative costs
The cost of the alternatives to charcoal that is: electricity (old tariff), electricity (new tariff), Kerosene and LPG is 1.5, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.2 times higher than the cost of equivalent amounts of charcoal energy respectively.
6 Electricity coefficients
Charcoal Cost per Tonne Electricity 160,000 2404 equivalents (kW per T Charcoal)
(old tariff)
Electricity 2404 equivalents (kW per T Charcoal)
(new tariff 01/06/01)
Kerosene equivalents (L per T Charcoal) LPG equiv. T per T of charcoal Shs 412 23,705 Shs unit 8000/bag 100/KW h 189/KW h 1200/L 1880/Kg Shillings 160,000 240,400 454,356 494,476 514,710 REDC 4/23/2020
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The Biomass Producer – Supplier – Consumer Chain
B i o m a s s p r o d u c e r s
· · · ·
W h o le s a le r - R o a d s id e - L o n g d i s t a n c e ( K ’la ) - M a r k e t- b a s e d ( d e p o t s )
·
R e t a ile r s - M a r k e t
· ·
- R o a d s i d e K io s k s - B ic y c le / c a r t s
· ·
- T e n d e r s
·
C o n s u m e r s - H o u s e h o ld s
· ·
- In s t it u t io n s - C o m m e r c ia l e s t a b li s h m e n t s
· REDC · · · · · · · ·
T r a n s p o r t e r s L o rr y 3 - 4 t o n t r u c k s B ic y c le W h e e lb a r r o w C a r t T r a i n B o a t /c a n o e /s h i p
4/23/2020
Commercial and Institutional consumers of Energy; Average monthly consumption patterns around Kampala, Mpigi and Mukono 8
AVERAGE EXPENDITURE SAC USED CHARCOAL AVERAGE LITRS OF TYPE OF F/W USED ON F/W CONSUMERMaximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum UNITS OF Maximum expelem Maximum Maximum Maximum prim schl sec schl army/police brick burner bakery fish smoker hospital hotel eating house brew eries others 36.00.
48.00.
6.50.
39.00.
36.00.
15.00.
18.00.
72.00.
3.40.
1.50.
36.00.
400,000 250,000 15,000 340,000 600,000 120,000 187,000 480,000 45,000 15,000 360,000 35.00.
.
.
.
30.00.
. .
4.00.
20.00.
15.00.
1.00.
8.00.
210,000 .
180,000 .
.
30,000 30,000 105,000 3,000 32,000 80.00.
60.00.
5.00.
.
4.00.
.
40.00.
5.00.
28.00.
18.00.
.
72,800 36,400 20,000 .
3,600 .
80,000 4,000 30,800 14,400 .
88.00.
300.00.
.
.
.
.
140.00.
.
.
.
.
80,000 80,000 30,000 .
.
.
70,000 60,000 40,000 .
.
30.00.
60.00.
.
.
.
.
35.00.
.
.
.
.
25,000 65,700 .
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REDC 4/23/2020
Trends in Petroleum Products Consumption 9
REDC 4/23/2020