Transcript Slide 1

Shoftim
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Shoftim
Shoftim = “Judges”
The 48th Torah Portion Readings
5th reading in the Book of Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy 16:18 – 21:9
Haftarah: Isaiah 51:12 – 52:12
Gospel: Matthew 26:47 – 27:10
Deuteronomy 16:18-19
18 Judges
and officers shalt thou make thee in all
thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee,
throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the
people with just judgment. 19 Thou shalt not wrest
judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, neither
take a gift: for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise,
and pervert the words of the righteous.
Deuteronomy Chapter 16
Talks about
Judges and
Justice
Grove of trees
and images that
God Hates
Deuteronomy Chapter 17
There must be
sound sacrifices
Hard controversies
are to be ruled on
by priests and
judges
The election and
duty of a King
Deuteronomy Chapter 18
The rightful dues of
the priests and
Levites are the
offerings to the Lord
The abominations of
the nations are to be
avoided
Christ is foretold and
the People are to
Hearken unto Him
Deuteronomy Chapter 19
The cities of
refuge
The neighbor’s
landmark is not to
be removed
Deuteronomy Chapter 20
The priest’s
exhortation to
encourage the
people to battle
What to do to the
cities that accept
or refuse the
proclamation of
peace
Deuteronomy Chapter 21
The expiation of
an uncertain
murder
An unknown
victim
Matthew 26:47-48
47 And
while he yet spake,
lo, Judas, one of the
twelve, came, and with him
a great multitude with
swords and staves, from
the chief priests and elders
of the people. 48 Now he
that betrayed him gave
them a sign, saying,
Whomsoever I shall kiss,
that same is he: hold him
fast.
Matthew 26:49-50
49 And
forthwith he
came to Jesus, and
said, Hail, master;
and kissed him. 50
And Jesus said unto
him, Friend,
wherefore art thou
come? Then came
they, and laid hands
on Jesus, and took
him.
Matthew 26:51-52
51 And,
behold, one of them
which were with Jesus
stretched out his hand, and
drew his sword, and struck
a servant of the high
priest's, and smote off his
ear. 52 Then said Jesus unto
him, Put up again thy
sword into his place: for all
they that take the sword
shall perish with the sword.
Matthew 26:53-54
53 Thinkest
thou
that I cannot now
pray to my Father,
and he shall
presently give me
more than twelve
legions of angels?
54 But how then
shall the scriptures
be fulfilled, that
thus it must be?
Matthew 26:55-56
55 In
that same hour said Jesus to the
multitudes, Are ye come out as against a
thief with swords and staves for to take
me? I sat daily with you teaching in the
temple, and ye laid no hold on me. 56 But
all this was done, that the scriptures of
the prophets might be fulfilled. Then all
the disciples forsook him, and fled.
Matthew 26:31-32
31Then
saith Jesus unto them, All
ye shall be offended because of me
this night: for it is written, I will
smite the shepherd, and the sheep
of the flock shall be scattered
abroad. 32But after I am risen
again, I will go before you into
Galilee.
Zechariah 13:7
Awake, O sword, against my
shepherd, and against the man
that is my fellow, saith the
LORD of hosts: smite the
shepherd, and the sheep shall be
scattered: and I will turn mine
hand upon the little ones.
Matthew 26:57-58
57 And
they that had laid
hold on Jesus led him
away to Caiaphas the high
priest, where the scribes
and the elders were
assembled. 58 But Peter
followed him afar off unto
the high priest's palace,
and went in, and sat with
the servants, to see the
end.
Matthew 26:59-61
59 Now
the chief priests, and elders, and all
the council, sought false witness against
Jesus, to put him to death; 60 But found
none: yea, though many false witnesses
came, yet found they none. At the last came
two false witnesses, 61 And said, This fellow
said, I am able to destroy the temple of God,
and to build it in three days.
Matthew 26:62-64
62 And
the high priest arose, and said unto him,
Answerest thou nothing? what is it which these
witness against thee? 63 But Jesus held his peace.
And the high priest answered and said unto him, I
adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us
whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God. 64
Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said:
nevertheless I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye
see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of
power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.
Matthew 26:65-66
65 Then
the high priest
rent his clothes,
saying, He hath
spoken blasphemy;
what further need have
we of witnesses?
behold, now ye have
heard his blasphemy.
66 What think ye? They
answered and said, He
is guilty of death.
Matthew 26:67-68
67 Then
did they spit in
his face, and buffeted
him; and others smote
him with the palms of
their hands, 68 Saying,
Prophesy unto us, thou
Christ, Who is he that
smote thee?
Matthew 26:69-70
69 Now
Peter sat
without in the
palace: and a
damsel came
unto him, saying,
Thou also wast
with Jesus of
Galilee. 70 But he
denied before
them all, saying, I
know not what
thou sayest.
Matthew 26:71-72
71 And
when he was
gone out into the
porch, another maid
saw him, and said
unto them that were
there, This fellow
was also with Jesus
of Nazareth. 72 And
again he denied with
an oath, I do not
know the man.
Matthew 26:73-75
73 And
after a while came unto him they that
stood by, and said to Peter, Surely thou also art
one of them; for thy speech bewrayeth thee. 74
Then began he to curse and to swear, saying, I
know not the man. And immediately the cock
crew. 75 And Peter remembered the word of
Jesus, which said unto him, Before the cock
crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went
out, and wept bitterly.
Mark 16:6-7
6And
he saith unto them, Be not
affrighted: Ye seek Jesus of
Nazareth, which was crucified: he
is risen; he is not here: behold the
place where they laid him. 7But go
your way, tell his disciples and
Peter that he goeth before you into
Galilee: there shall ye see him, as he
said unto you.
John 21:15-17
Jesus asks Peter three times:
1. Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more
than these?
2. Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?
3. Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?
(Once for each denial of Christ)
Matthew 27:1-2
1 When
the morning was
come, all the chief
priests and elders of the
people took counsel
against Jesus to put
him to death: 2 And
when they had bound
him, they led him away,
and delivered him to
Pontius Pilate the
governor.
Genesis 49:10
The sceptre shall not depart
from Judah, nor a lawgiver
from between his feet, until
Shiloh come; and unto him
shall the gathering of the
people be.
The Sceptre Departed
• Herod Archelaus was replaced by a Roman
procurator named Caponius.
• The legal power of the Sanhedrin was
immediately restricted and the adjudication
of capital cases was lost.
• This was normal Roman policy.
Josephus, Wars of the Jews, Book 2 Ch. 8
The Jerusalem Talmud, Sanhedrin folio 24
The Sceptre Departed
• When the members of the Sanhedrin found
themselves deprived of their right over life
and death, they covered their heads with
ashes and their bodies with sackcloth, and
bemoaned.
- “Woe unto us for the scepter has departed
from Judah and the Messiah has not come!”
Babylonian Talmud Ch.4 folio 37
Pontius Pilate
• Pontius Pilate served as 6th Roman
procurator of Judaea from A.D. 26 to
A.D. 36, after which he was recalled to
Rome and then passed out of official history.
• He was hated by the orthodox Jews and
never really understood them.
• A plaque was found in Caesarea bearing his
name which is now in the Israel Museum.
Pontius Pilate
• Ruled Judea in a reckless and arbitrary
fashion.
• In A.D. 36, he was deposed by Vitellius and
sent to Rome, tried under Caligula.
• Tradition: Pilate killed himself
Josephus Ant. 18:4, sec. 1,2;
Eusebius Historia Ecclesiastica II, ii. 7
• The Coptic church came to believe that he
became a Christian.
Matthew 27:3-4
3 Then
Judas, which had
betrayed him, when he
saw that he was
condemned, repented
himself, and brought again
the thirty pieces of silver
to the chief priests and
elders, 4 Saying, I have
sinned in that I have
betrayed the innocent
blood. And they said, What
is that to us? see thou to
that.
Innocent Blood
Six witnesses affirmed His innocence:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Judas (Matthew 27:4)
Pilate's wife (Matthew 27:19)
Pilate (Matthew 27:24)
Herod (Luke 23:15)
Criminal (Luke 23:41)
6.
Centurion (Luke 23:47)
Matthew 27:5-6
5 And
he cast down the
pieces of silver in the
temple, and departed,
and went and hanged
himself. 6 And the chief
priests took the silver
pieces, and said, It is not
lawful for to put them
into the treasury,
because it is the price of
blood.
Matthew 27:7-8
7 And
they took counsel, and bought with them the
potter's field, to bury strangers in. 8 Wherefore that
field was called, The field of blood, unto this day.
Matthew 27:9-10
9 Then
was fulfilled that
which was spoken by
Jeremy the prophet,
saying, And they took
the thirty pieces of
silver, the price of him
that was valued, whom
they of the children of
Israel did value; 10 And
gave them for the
potter's field, as the
Lord appointed me.
Zechariah 11:12-13
12 And
I said unto them, If
ye think good, give me
my price; and if not,
forbear. So they weighed
for my price thirty pieces
of silver. 13 And the LORD
said unto me, Cast it unto
the potter: a goodly price
that I was prised at of
them. And I took the thirty
pieces of silver, and cast
them to the potter in the
house of the LORD.
(1 Cor 15:1-4) 1Moreover, brethren, I
declare unto you the gospel which I
preached unto you, which also ye have
received, and wherein ye stand; 2By
which also ye are saved, if ye keep in
memory what I preached unto you,
unless ye have believed in vain. 3For I
delivered unto you first of all that which
I also received, how that Christ died for
our sins according to the scriptures;
4And that he was buried, and that he
rose again the third day according to the
scriptures:
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