Transcript Environmental Challenge - Emmanuel United Reformed Church

Older churches and public
buildings
Generational opportunities to improve
their environmental performance
Brian Cuthbertson
Head of Environmental Challenge, Diocese of London
Presentation to Emmanuel URC Cambridge,
Environment Expo, Thursday 6nd September 2012
The Church in London
o The Diocese of London
277 square miles of Greater London and Surrey
North of the Thames, from Staines to the Isle of Dogs
North to Enfield
o It comprises
The Cities of London and Westminster, Boroughs of Brent,
Harrow, Ealing, Hillingdon, Barnet, Camden, Enfield,
Haringey, Hackney, Islington, Tower Hamlets, Hounslow,
Kensington & Chelsea, Hammersmith & Fulham and
Richmond-upon-Thames (part), and Spelthorne in Surrey
o The Diocese has
4 million people; 1.6 million homes
480 churches; 69,000 adult members
191 parishes in Urban Priority Areas
150 church schools with 47,000 pupils
“Well over 70% of the population of our country
claimed to be Christian … even in Greater London
… there are 630,000 Christians worshipping every
ordinary week in more than 4,000 churches.”
Bishop of London
The Challenge
o Climate change
o Shrinking the Footprint
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint
o Reducing our CO2 emissions
o Down by at least 20.12% by 2012, 42% by 2020, 80% by 2050
o Carbon/environment sustainable when?
“Shrinking the Footprint is the Church of England’s
national ... campaign to enable its members and
institutions to address – in faith, practice, and mission –
the pressing issue of climate change.
“It aims to challenge, encourage and support
the whole body of the Church to shrink our
environmental footprint to create ‘The 20%
Church’ by ... sustainable reductions in ... carbon
emissions to 20% of current levels by 2050.”
www.ShrinkingTheFootprint.org
Energy and carbon
o Coal, oil, gas, shale gas … nuclear??
o Energy sustainability, security, affordability
o Emissions: direct and indirect
o UK Parliament and Government
Sustainable Energy etc Acts 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008;
Climate Change Act 2008; Sustainable Communities Act 2007
o Committee on Climate Change
o Budgets, trading and offsetting?
o Carbon capture and storage?
o Renewables
Sun, wind, water, air, geo, bio, chemo;
combined heat & power; hydrogen fuel cells?
“The Climate Change Act sets up an innovation in
the governance of carbon emissions ... it commits
the government to establishing legally binding limits
on carbon emissions, ... carbon budgets.”
Lord Adair Turner,
Chairman, CCC
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Parliament_(Monet)
Water and waste
o Rain and drought
o Flooding, lawns and patios
o Church and churchyard, homes and gardens
o Water conservation
o Rainwater harvesting
o Land fill – emissions, birds
o Recycling, sorting/separation, ‘commingling’
o Food waste, packaging, carrier bags
“The Thames region has lower water
availability per person than Morocco,
but Londoners consume … 18 litres
per day more than the national
average while some 600m litres a day
are lost through leaks.”
The Guardian, 29/08/08
Paper v IT
o Paper
o IT
Felling of younger trees
Processing, manufacture, distribution
Printing and ink, wastage of surplus copies
Surface mail distribution, storage
Recycling, landfill
2% world carbon emissions (same as aviation – both are growing)
Computers, smart phones, other gadgets
Microprocessors in cars, appliances etc
Power and heat, data centres
Ease of use – ‘out of sight, out of mind’
Manufacture, distribution, decommissioning, disposal
Speed of obsolescence, multiple units per person
Rare metals, health and safety
“Environment pays the price for boom
in laptops and mobiles.”
Times Online, 19/04/09
http://thepirata.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/paper_engine05.jpg
Fauna and flora
o Churchyards, trees, wildlife
o Context
UK National Eco-system Assessment 2011
Natural Environment White Paper
Biodiversity 2020
o Species and habitats
o Conservation and biodiversity
o Wild v controlled, nature v buildings?
o Valuing nature
o Public engagement
o The environment in education
o Management and enhancement
“Green is the colour of the Holy Spirit,
of life, procreation and resurrection.”
Carl Jung
Quoted from Joseph Campbell , ‘Creative Mythology’
Churchyards for London
o Phase I: Churchyards Ecology Surveys
Professional surveys and report
Sample of 20+ churchyards in Greater London
Inner and outer London, large & small churchyards, gardens
Trees & flowers, birds & mammals, insects, lichens
o Stakeholders
Dioceses of London, Southwark and Chelmford, Parishes
NBN Gateway, GiGL, London Wildlife Trust
Local Authorities, London Parks & Green Spaces Forum, Natural England
Fundraising in progress
o Phase II:
Churchyards for Communities
Churchyards and Heritage
Churchyards for Biodiversity
“I lingered among them under that benign sky,
watched the moths fluttering among the heath
and harebells, ... and wondered how anyone
could have imagined unquiet slumbers for the
sleepers in that quiet earth.”
www.ayearfromoakcottage.com
Emily Brontë
‘Wuthering Heights’
Property and buildings
o St Paul’s Cathedral
o Parish churches and halls
o Residential property
Parsonages
Lettings
o Commercial property
o Church schools
o Diocesan HQ
o Management and maintenance
o Use v investment, environment v profit
“... Buildings produce nearly half
of the UK’s carbon emissions.”
www.campaigns.direct.gov.uk/epc/
Route 2050
o Scope
Churches and halls; offices; Cathedral; schools; residential
o Churches and Halls
480 churches; 69,000 electoral roll members
2005 - 83.8m kWh, 21.2K tonnes CO2e, 0.3 tonnes pp
o Others
Cathedral, offices, houses – at least 13,000 tonnes
London Diocesan Schools – 38,000 tonnes?
o Outreach
Church members – 750,000 tonnes?
o Strategy and targets
How far, how fast, logistics and funding
“Implementing the Church of England
policy on shrinking the environmental
footprint and playing a full part in the
debate on ecological matters.”
London Challenge 2012
Google maps
Greenhouse gas sources
o Church
Direct
Heating
Indirect Electricity generation
Fuel production and distribution
Water and waste disposal
Building materials and furnishings
o Personal
Direct
Home heating
Car use
Public transport
Air travel
Other recreation
Indirect Electricity generation
Fuel production and distribution
Water and waste disposal
Home maintenance and improvements
Agriculture, food, transport
Clothes, consumer goods
“ … to accelerate the move to a low carbon
economy by working … to reduce carbon emissions … ”
The Carbon Trust
Recording and auditing
o Recording useage
o Parish annual returns
o Environmental audits
Energy and carbon, water and waste, wildlife and biodiversity
o Personal carbon footprints
o Carbon footprint calculators
www.carbonfootprint.com; www.travelfootprint.org
“Unless we know where we are starting
from, we cannot plan how best to reduce
our impact.”
www.shrinkingthefootprint.org
Meters and bills
o Electricity
Units (energy: kWh)
o Gas
‘Units’ (volume: imperial/metric, 100s cu feet/1000s litres)
Heat (British Thermal Units (BTUs), kWh)
Conversion factors
o Oil
Litres, kWh – how measure (deliveries/ tank levels)
o Water Rates or bills?
Cu metres (1 cu metre = 1000 Lr)
o Bills and meters
Location and access
Sub-meters, tenants
o Logistics and responsibility: warden? treasurer? parish champion?
“A warden with this cause
makes drudgery divine;
Who reads a meter for Thy sake
saves energy and carbon combined.”
Doggerel inspired by George Herbert
www.britishgas.co.uk/your-read.html
Projects and plans
o Climate Action Programme www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Climate-Action-Programme
Environmental Audits, Generic Building Solutions,
Energy-saving Benchmarking
o Climate Action Plans www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Climate-Action-Plans
Bespoke packages of benchmarks, savings plans,
suppliers and tariffs, Carbon Retirement
o Climate Action Projects www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Climate-Action-Projects
Retrofitting of building and services upgrades
o Climate Action Partnerships
Church, charitable, professional, funding
energy sector, government
“The Diocese of London has launched
an innovative programme of action to meet
its target of cutting the energy use
of churches across the Capital by at least
20.12% by 2012 and 80% by 2050.”
Diocesan website
St Giles Cripplegate
Environmental Audits
o 66 churches so far, beginning with Two Cities Area
o Grants plus parish contributions
o Purposes
CO2 reductions, 20.12% by 2012, help towards 80% by 2050
Mitigation of broader environmental impact
o Performance ratings
Total carbon footprint, tonnes CO2e per year
A to G for energy, carbon, water and waste
o Reports also include
Advised improvements, feasible CO2 reductions
Action lists, budget costs
o Attractive, accessible, user-friendly
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-FootprintEnvironmental-Audits
“This audit of the City Churches will not only
benefit the City, it will also provide us with
experience that we can develop for
the whole diocese.”
Michael Bye,
Director of Property
St Sepulchre Newgate
Generic Building Solutions
o Scope
480 churches, diverse range, often much altered
Size, age, building type
o Aims
Generic solutions to improve energy performance
42% CO2 reductions by 2020, 80% by 2050
Fabric, services, management, user behaviour
o Methodology
Sample of twenty
Selection and inspections
Analysis
o Outputs
Reports and guidance
Workshops, 2011 – 2012
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-FootprintGeneric-Building-Solutions
Holy Trinity Sloane Street
“Buildings ... are children of Earth
and Sun.”
Frank Lloyd Wright
GB Sols report
o Survey church rankings and analysis
Emissions, useage and intensity
Gas and electricity
Any correlation with age and type?
o Management and behavioural changes
Motivation and awareness, energy management
o Technological solutions
Space heating, lighting and controls,
power, fans & pumps, catering
o Building fabric improvements
Thermal insulation, glazing, air tightness
o Low and zero carbon technologies
Photovoltaics, biomass boilers,
heat pumps, combined heat and power,
solar thermal water heating
o Application of measures
Survey churches, the Model Church,
the whole estate
listed building constraints
St John Notting Hill
Energy-saving Benchmarking
o Sharing the task
o ‘Apples and oranges’
o Inputs
Energy use: electricity and fossil/solid fuels
Size, uses, occupancies
o Outputs
Bands and grades – energy, carbon, overall efficiency
Contribution so far
Church-specific target
“Most building owners and operators lack basic
information about how their properties perform
compared to peers or best practices.
“Benchmarking to obtain this information is
crucial as you make decisions about controlling
energy use and costs.”
Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory/Leah B Garris
www.diablocrossfit.com
Low and zero cost savings
o Light bulb types and suppliers
o Main thermostat, zone/ radiator thermostats
o Hot water temperatures
o Boiler servicing
o Urns and kettles
o IT
o Doors and draughts
o Management and behaviour
o Lettings
“Find out how to cut utility costs and make
your life greener in the process.”
‘Which’
www.argos.co.uk
Brighter Picture of Church Energy Use
o Parish annual returns
40% of churches in London Diocese
Electricity, gas (and a few with oil)
Annual totals, 2005 - 2010
o Consumption
Fell in 2006 and 2007, up 2008, 2009, very high 2010
Highest to lowest: 2010, 2005, 2009, 2006, 2008, 2007
After weather adjustment: 2005, 2006, 2009, 2007, 2008, 2010
o Weather-adjusted efficiency
17% improvement in energy efficiency
10.7% improvement in emissions
83.9 m kWh, down to 69.6m kWh
21,220 tonnes CO2e, down to 18,960 tonnes
o Nuanced tips for management – see our report
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-FootprintNews
“We have good reason to persevere, saving
energy, and costs, and carbon emissions too.”
St Giles-in-the-Fields
Climate Action Projects
o Retrofitting
o Proposals from Audits or Generic Building Solutions
o Procurement models
o ‘Waterfall’/ ‘snowballs’? – pilots, then roll-out
o ‘Horizontal’ or ‘vertical’ schemes
o PAYS (Pay as you Save)?
o Short, medium or long-term loans
o Finance and security
o ‘Climate Action Trust’?
“The federal stimulus package and the city's
ambitious ‘green building’ initiative should
provide a jobs bonanza for ... HVAC specialists.”
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=
retrofit-old-buildings-green-nyc
Low and zero carbon technologies
o Renewables (low and zero carbon)
o Solar photovoltaic cells, solar hot water
o Wind turbines
o Geothermal heat pumps
o Biomass; biofuels; biogas (anaerobic digestion)
o Combined (cooling) heat and power (C(C)HP)
o Fuel cells; hydrogen power
o Other new technologies
o LED lighting
o Voltage power optimisation
o Intelligent heating controls
o Advanced heat recovery
“Renewable energy has enormous potential.
It just needs to be developed as quickly
and effectively as possible ...
In the UK it is not being exploited on anything
like the scale which is required.”
Sir John Houghton
Solar panels
o Climate change, energy security, public policy
o Solar power – a proven technology
Photovoltaics (PV) and/or solar heat/ hot water
o Church roofs, size and orientation
Roof repairs and replacement
o Listed and unlisted buildings
Appearance and historic character
Visibility and quality
o Planning permission?, DAC and faculties
o Feed-in tariff
16p or 7.1p? EPCs or Benchmarking?
Transition dates – 1st August, 1st November ...
“Every energy economist I know acknowledges
unreservedly that the cost of nuclear will
continue to go up even as the cost of solar PV
continues to come down. ”
Jonathon Porritt
St Mary Islington
Projects so far
o 24 sites complete so far
Churches: St James Piccadilly, St John Brownswood Park,
St Mary Islington, St Silas Pentonville, St Hilda Ashford,
All Hallows Hampstead, St George Southall;
Church halls: St Mary Spring Grove, St Aldhelm Edmonton,
St Michael Wood Green;
Hall and Vicarage: St John Wembley; 10 more parsonage houses
C of E Primary School: St Mary Finchley
Almshouses: St Mary Ealing
o Innovative solutions
St Silas Pentonville, solar ‘slates’
All Hallows Hampstead, membrane (roof valley)
o Priority lists
Churches and clergy houses
Unlisted, not in conservation areas, south face towards rear
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Solar-Panels
“It could ... be a wonderful world ... Its architectural
forms could be richer, more varied, and more
fantastic than those of any of the utopian visions
we have seen so far.”
Vincent Scully, 1980
St Mary Spring Grove
Implementation
o Planning, priorities, strategic choices
2010-2011
o Basic energy reduction and retrofitting
o Verifying 2012 target achieved
o Demo development schemes
2012-2015
o Benchmarking established diocese-wide
o Spin-offs, parish programmes
2016-2020
o c 150 churches remodelled
2021-2032
o Remaining churches, say 300
2033-2050
“We all know that signing up to an 80% cut by
2050 is the easy part. The hard part is meeting
it, and meeting the milestones that will show
we’re on track.”
The Rt Hon Ed Miliband
former Secretary of State for Energy & Climate Change
ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41E620EXY1L._AA280_.jpg
Finance
o Capital
Grants, green loans, Green Investment Bank, Trusts,
the Green Deal
o Revenue
Feed-in Tariffs, Renewable Heat Incentive,
Pay as you save eg the Green Deal
o Community energy schemes
o VAT
“The primary motive for a Christian church in ...
upgrading buildings for improved energy efficiency
and installing renewable energy generation should
be to help care for God’s Creation.
Stewardship of resources ... (is an) important
consideration ...
Financial viability may influence whether a scheme
can go ahead, but so long as the capital can be
raised and any repayments serviced reliably,
yielding a return might well not be seen as the main
incentive.”
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Finance
Feed-in Tariffs
o Solar PV, wind, hydro, anaerobic digestion, micro-CHP
o Consultations and changes
o Generation and export tariffs
o Standard tariff, reduced/standalone tariff
o Energy efficiency requirement and EPCs
o Steps down by capacity
o ‘Degressions’, max quarterly
o Multiple installations
o Index linking
o Scheme lifetime
“Through the use of FITs, DECC hopes to
encourage deployment of additional small-scale
(less than 5MW) low-carbon electricity generation,
particularly by organisations, businesses,
communities and individuals that have not
traditionally engaged in the electricity market.”
http://savingandmore.com
DECC website
“... A complete solution...”?
“The answer is ‘and’ … we need wind and we need
solar and we need carbon capture and storage,
and we need … policy change and we need a
carbon tax, and we need all of these things …
“In relation to the kind of fights between the solar
industry and the wind industry and the wave
industry … these debates are ill-formed because
actually the answer is ‘and’ – we need … all of
these things, and I think you can also expand that
out, we also need behaviour change …
“I see a huge amount of energy and innovation
and very clever thinking in each of those areas.
So I think we can get to a solution, a complete
solution, but I think we have our work cut out
on many fronts to do it.”
Caroline Fiennes, Global Cool Foundation
http://www.globalcool.org/
www.open2.net/creativeclimate/v
ideo_caroline_fiennes.html
Web links
o Shrinking the Footprint
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint
o News and events
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-News
o God’s world for us to share
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-World
o Route around the World
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Route-World
o Route 2050
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Route-2050
o What we can do
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Action
“We used to think that climate change was a
problem for our grandchildren, then we found out
it was a problem for our children, now we realise
it is a problem for us.”
The Rt Hon Joan Ruddock MP
Improving the environmental
impact of buildings
Thanks for listening! Questions?
Brian Cuthbertson
Head of Environmental Challenge, Diocese of London
[email protected]
(020) 7932 1229