Transcript Document

Organized by UNEP DTIE sponsored by InWent
Training Programme for Capacity
Building in National Cleaner Production
Centers
Integration Sustainable
Production & Consumption
Brazil, August 2003
Objectives


Improve participants understanding of how
sustainable consumption and production are
interrelated.
Present tools and methodologies available
for an integrated approach of SC&P.
 Support participants in identifying
opportunities for leveraging sustainable
consumption and production in their activities
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Structure of presentation

What is Sustainable SC&P?

Need for an integrated approach


Tools and strategies available
The function-based approach

Scope and opportunities (in working groups)
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What is Cleaner Production?
Cleaner Production is the continuos application of an
integrated environmental strategy to processes,
products, and services to increase overall
efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the
environment.
Cleaner production can be applied to the
processes used in any industry, to products
themselves and to various services provided in
society” [UNEP]
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Environmental Management
Evolutionary “Ladder”
Anticipate &
prevent
GOAL
Sustainable Development
cleaner production;
sustainable consumption
Prevent
Control
React &
treat
Ignore
recycling; treatment
Dilute
Cost & liability
Save &
opportunity
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What Cleaner Production
means for…

Production processes: conserving raw materials,
water and energy; eliminating toxic and dangerous
raw materials; reducing the quantity and toxicity
of all emissions and wasters at source during the
production process.
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What Cleaner Production
means for…

Products: reducing the environmental, health and
safety impacts of products offer their entire life
cycle, from raw materials extraction, throughout
manufacturing and use to the “ultimate” disposal
of the product.
 Services: incorporating environmental concerns
into designing and delivering services.
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Sustainable Consumption:
Different Terms …Different Concepts?
Voluntary
simplicity
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What is Sustainable
Consumption
“…the use of services and products which
respond to basic needs and bring a better
quality of life while minimizing the use of
natural resources and toxic materials as
well as the emissions of waste and
pollutants over the life cycle of the service
or product so as to not jeopardize the needs
of future generations.” UN CSD, 1995
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SITUAÇÃO INSUSTENTÁVEL

Atualmente, um quinto da população
mundial, vivendo nos países
desenvolvidos, responde por 86% do
mercado de consumo, comprando 46% de
toda a carne; 65% da energia elétrica;
84% do papel e 85% dos metais e
químicos. Também é responsável por 70%
das emissões globais de carbono.

Geraldo Rohde
UNEP Division of Technology,
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Sustainable Consumption
is more than “consuming green”
 It is meeting basic needs
 is about changing patterns, not “doing
without”


It is
responsible consumption
consuming differently, efficiently!!
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CS NO BRASIL
ACESSO AO CONSUMO (MISÉRIA)
 (RE)DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA
 ACESSO A REMÉDIOS / GC/PI
 DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR
 RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL


Geraldo Rohde
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Concerned global consumers
Developing and concerned
R e s po nde nt s who a re c o nnc e rne d quit e a lo t o r v e ry m uc h a bo ut t he
e nv iro nm e nt a l e f f e c t s o f t he ir c o ns um pt io n
Sao Paulo
Sydney
Bombay
Very much
Lagos
Quite a lot
Paris
New York
0%
20%
S our c e : GC C r e se a r c h, M D B 2 0 0 0
40%
60%
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80%
Driving Forces that Influence Consumption
• Economic: economic growth, disposable income and prices,
• Demographics: single-person households, longer/healthier
lifetimes
• Social: lifestyle and cultural tastes for diversity, individualism,
working/leisure hours.
• Education and Information: environmental awareness.
• Existing technology and infrastructure, available products
and services.
• Policy framework: economic instruments, regulations and
social tools.
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NECESSIDADES HUMANAS
BÁSICAS ("INATAS")
AR
 ÁGUA
 ALIMENTO [FUNCIONAL = SAÚDE]

VESTUÁRIO
 MORADIA
 EDUCAÇÃO
 NOVIDADE


Geraldo Rohde
UNEP Division of Technology,
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"NECESSIDADES" CRIADAS
ARTIFICIAIS
 SUPÉRFLUAS – EFÊMERAS
 OBSOLESCÊNCIA PLANEJADA
 SOBRECONSUMO
 SUNTUOSIDADE – MODA
 DESCARTÁVEIS
 DESPERDÍÇIO ("CULTURA DO")
 NEEDS X WANTS


Geraldo Rohde
UNEP Division of Technology,
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There is not
Sustainable Consumption without
Sustainable Production
and viceversa
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Need for an Integrated Approach
– Increasing resource use efficiency
(technological innovation, better
management, alternative materials, etc.) to
meet the basic needs
– Reduce material and energy density of
consumption
– Promoting sustainable development
(economic, social and environmental)
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Production Chain Schematic &
Examples of strategies to improve
resource productivity
•Cleaner processing
and energy
technology
•Cleaner processing and
energy technology More
emphasis on material with a
favorable life course
•Less material per unit
Larger share of materials
from recycling industry
•Better moduling of
components
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•Cleaner processing
and energy
technology
Production Chain Schematic &
Examples of strategies to improve
resource productivity (II)
•Cleaner and more
Effective transport,
Possibly spread
Production
•Re-use of transport
packaging
•Rationalize link between goods or
services and consumer
(computer shopping)
•Better utilization of energy
•More re-use and recycling
•A large share of the total consumption
should refer to service
•More “sharing”
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•More systematic
Recycling
•New materials
•technology
Process-Focused Production
and Consumption
Production
Consumption
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A Systems Look at
Sustainable Production and
Consumption
Production
Consumption
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We sometimes fixate on our part of
the system…
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The role of Governments,
Industry and Consumers

Sustainable consumption and
production is a common responsability
of Governments, Industry and
Consumers.
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Tools and
Strategies
for Sustainable Consumption
and Production
Systems Models/Tools for SC&P

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
– http://www.uneptie.org/pc/pc/tools/lca.htm

Life Cycle Management (LCM)
– http://www.ec.gc.ca/ecocycle/englins/whatislcm.cfm

Product System Services (PSS)
– http://www.uneptie.org/pc/sustain/design/pss.htm

Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
– http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ipp/home.htm
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Companies’ Potential Areas of
Improvement

Processes: CP assessment, eco-efficiency,
procurement, supply chain management.
 Products/Services: LCM, Eco-design,
Product Service System, Eco-labels,
Dematerialization
Systems: EMS, multi-stakeholder dialogues
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Dematerialization

Addressing needs and functionality rather
than the product alone

Tracking throughput of materials and
energy in industrial and consumption
processes
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Major increase in resource productivity

Cost internalisation to increase economic
efficiency
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Policy Instruments to
Encourage SC&P
$ Economic instruments: taxes, subsidies,credits,
financial incentives, etc.
 Regulatory: standards, norms, EPR, labeling,
(enforcement)

Social: awareness raising, education,
information, voluntary initiatives
 Others: indicators, green accounting...
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GLOBAL
ECOLABELLING PROGRAMS
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Internal (Government-Oriented)
Instruments
Green Government Purchasing
 Integrated Product Policy

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Consumer opportunities
Conscious purchasing
 consumer´s power (voting with the
pocket, activism)
 waste separation, water, energy, etc.
 buy eco-efficient products (saving)
 quality of life vs consumism
 sustainable life styles

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Local Examples
Organic products such
as coffee
 fair trade
 Local awareness
campaigns

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Function-Based Approach
Meeting human needs by providing
functions such as food, clothing,
shelter, mobility, health, education,
safety, leisure, communication
through optimized production and
consumption systems that are
contained within the carrying capacity
of the ecosystem.
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Example: Shelter
•
Needs: housing for resident and commercial activities
•
Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use, materials
use (cement, steel, plastics, wood, etc.), energy and
water consumption during construction and use,
furnishing, equipment (heating, water supply, airconditioning, etc.), demolition and waste disposal
•
New approaches: integrated land use and urban
development planing, alternative design (style, materials,
lighting, heating and cooling, dual pipelines, waste
composting equipment, design for recycle, etc.)
•
Actors: government, architects, real estate developers
and managers, construction companies, technology
suppliers, tenants, material/equipment suppliers, public,
etc.
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Example: Mobility
•
Needs: to be able to reach places easily, timely and comfortably
•
Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use for road, material
use in making automobiles, roads and related facilities, energy
consumption and pollution emission, automobile wastes, etc.
•
New approaches: urban planing (location of residents,
commercial and leisure services), public transport, cleaner fuels,
design for efficiency and recycling, telecommunication (working
from home, tele-conferencing, on-line shopping), diversity of
leisure activities
•
Actors: government, financial institutes, automobile
manufacturers, public transport services, leisure service
companies, IT industry, etc.
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LC thinking &
function based approach…
 begins
with meeting human needs
 encompasses entire production and consumption
systems with a life cycle perspective - prevents
piecemeal approach
 builds on existing CP experiences and and pollution
prevention strategy
 emphasis the role of national and local governments involving a wide range of stakeholders
 encourages new economic models and generate new
sectors and markets
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What is UNEP doing in the
region
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
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Promotion of the 10 years programme on SC&P
– Buenos Aires Meeting
– Nicaragua Meeting
– Government experts on SC&P council
– Forum of Ministers
Publications
Implementation of projects
– Youth X Change
– Environmental Citizenship
– Diploma/training courses etc.
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Contact Us
For
more information please go to:
www.uneptie/pc/
www.pnuma.org
email:
[email protected]
[email protected]
Thank you!
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