Transcript Bloodborne Pathogen Training

Bloodborne Pathogen
Training
Introduction to the problem
of Bloodborne Pathogens
 Healthcare Providers and those working
with potentially infectious fluids need to be
especially concerned with three major
bloodborne pathogens:
 Hepatitis B Virus: HBV
 Hepatitis C Virus: HCV
 Human immunodeficiency virus: HIV
Facts about HBV
 Definitely a risk for healthcare providers
 The risk is directly related to the degree of
contact with blood
 The greatest risk is with percutaneous
exposure (needlestick)
 The risk of developing “clinical hepatitis”
is approximately 22-31%
 The risk of developing serologic evidence
of HBV is approximately 37-62%
HBV (cont.)
 HBV can survive on environmental surfaces, in
dried blood, for at least one (1) week.
 Therefore, percutaneous exposure is not the
ONLY way to contract HBV
 Other means of exposure: through the mucous
membranes &/or non-intact skin.
 Approximately 5,000 people each year die due
to HBV
 Approximately 10% of those exposed develop
chronic infection
HBV (cont.)
 Up to 50% of those infected have no
symptoms
 Signs/Symptoms of HBV:
 Jaundice, fatigue
 Abdominal pain, loss of appetite
 Occasional nausea or vomiting
*** There IS a vaccine for HBV
HCV Facts
 NOT efficiently transmitted by way of
occupational exposures to blood
 The incidence of HCV seroconversion after and
accidental percutaneous exposure from a
positive HCV source is approximatey 1.8 %
 There is no documentation, to date, of
transmission of HCV to a healthcare worker from
blood exposure with INTACT skin.
HCV (cont.)
 Approximately 75% of those infected with
HCV have no signs or symptoms
 Approximately 10,000 people die each
year from HCV infection
 Approximately 85% of those that are
exposed develop chronic infection
HCV is the leading indicator for liver
transplants
There IS NO VACCINE for HCV
Facts about HIV
 Approximately 900,000 people are
infected with HIV in the U. S.
 The average risk of HIV transmission
after a percutaneous exposure to HIV
infected blood is 0.3%
 The average risk of HIV transmission
after mucous membrane exposure is
approximately 0.09%
There IS NO VACCINE for HIV
Exposure Facts
 HBV, HCV, and HIV are most easily
spread via contact with infected blood.
 Can also spread with contact through
other potentially infected materials (OPIM)
 OPIM include: semen, vaginal secretions,
other body tissues or fluids that contain
visible blood
Examples of OPIM
 Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid
 Pleural, peritoneal, pericardial fluids
 Amniotic fluid
 Saliva in dental procedures
 Non-intact skin or organs from living or
dead humans
 Cell tissue or organ cultures or other
biological matter from lab. experiments
Workplace Exposures
 Exposure to a bloodborne pathogen
occurs when a contaminated needle or
other sharp punctures the skin
 Can also occur if blood or OPIM splashes
in the mucous membranes of the nose,
eyes, or mouth
Exposure Control Plan
The exposure control plan details safety
precautions that are taken to decrease
chances of exposure.
The exposure control plan also details a
method of identifying and evaluating safety
devices
The exposure control plan is based
on the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA)
Bloodborne Pathogens Standards
and Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) Guidelines
Example of a Safety Precaution:
HBV Vaccination series was promoted in
1985. Since then, exposure has dropped
from 1200/year to 800/ year in 1995.
To be effective, one must complete the full
series must be completed.
Standard Precautions
Means to treat all blood, body fluids,
excretions, secretions, non-intact skin,
mucous membranes as though infected.
To follow the Standard Precaution, use
personal protective equipment (PPE)
when touching blood, body fluids,
secretions, excretions, and contaminated
surfaces
Personal Protective Equipment
PPE
PPE include: gowns, gloves, face shields or
masks, lab. coats, eye protection, resuscitation
equipment, pocket masks, mouth pieces, or
other ventilatory devises
Disposable gloves are the most common type of
PPE
You should wear PPE that is appropriate for the
job at hand
PPE: Gloves
 With gloves: cover open areas with a
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bandaid first before putting on gloves
Gloves should fit snug and the cuff should
extend above the wrists.
Wear disposable gloves only once
Change gloves between patients
If a glove becomes torn or ripped, remove
it as soon as possible and discard
Never reuse gloves
PPE
 Do not touch the outside of the gloves
when removing used gloves.
 Always wash hands after glove removal
 Wear surgical cap and shoe covers when
large amounts of blood or bodily fluids are
expected; such as surgery
 Use PPE during resuscitation of patients
PPE
 Make sure PPE fit properly, are free of
tears and blood or bodily fluids
 Always discard of PPE before leaving the
work area
 Wash hands immediately after PPE
removal
PPE (cont.)
 If work activities could possibly generate
splatters of blood or other potentially infectious
materials (OPI), a mask, eye protection and
gown should be used.
 If your skin is punctured by a contaminated
sharp (even through a glove), wash the area
well with soap and water only and report the
incident according to your institution’s policy.
Handwashing
THE SINGLE MOST important precaution for
preventing the spread of infection.
The worker MUST wash their hands before
putting on gloves AND after removing gloveseven if there is no visible secretions.
The worker MUST wash their hands before and
after every patient contact.
Handwashing
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and
running water for 10-15 seconds
Dry thoroughly, use a dry paper towel to
turn faucet off
Use a waterless handwashing solution as
a temporary measure, wash with soap and
water as soon as possible
Engineering Controls
 Engineering controls attempt to design
safety into the tools of everyday work and
the workplace.
 Using appropriate equipment, as provided,
is an example of engineering controls:
*Ex. use of PPE, use of sharps
containers, use of needleless devices
Other Safety Precautions
 Do Not eat, drink, handle contact lenses,
use cosmetics, store food or drinks in
areas where exposure is possible
 Never mouth pipette or mouth suction
blood or OPIM
 Minimize splashes when handling blood or
OPIM
 Transport blood or OPIM in closed leakproof containers and wear gloves
Other Safety Precautions
 Do not let contaminated patient equipment
touch you, other people or objects.
 After use, make sure equipment is
properly cleaned or discarded before using
on another patient
 Clean all blood/fluid spills promptly
according to your facilities policy
 Wear gloves when handling dirty laundry,
and keep laundry away from your body
Other Safety Precautions
 Do not use hands or feet to push trash
down in disposal can. Shake trash down
from top, carry from the top and away from
your body
 Red labels, bags, containers, and warning
signs ALERT you that they contain
contaminated blood or OPIM
Needle Safety
 Never reuse sharps, Never recap needles
 If recapping is required, use hands off resheathing devices
 Place sharps in an easy to reach and
slightly below eye level, puncture proof
container
 Never reach in the container or overfill
 Clean broken glass with broom and dust
pan or forceps
Exposures
 If exposure occurs: immediately wash area with
soap and water, or flush eyes with large
amounts of water.
 Exposures should be reported immediately to
immediate supervisors, noting date, time, and
type of sharp
 Evaluation should be made as to type of safety
device used and if injury could have been
prevented