Transcript Presentatie FRW - Regionale Economie Groningen

Spatial homogamy
Geographical dimensions of the
partner market in the Netherlands
Karen Haandrikman
Demography Department
Faculty of Spatial Sciences
University of Groningen
Faculty of Spatial Sciences
‘Cupid may have wings, but
apparently they are not
adapted for long flights’
(Bossard 1932)
Objective of the PhD project:
To explore and understand the role of
geographical distance in partner
choice in the Netherlands
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The study consists of three parts:
1. Description of spatial patterns of spatial
homogamy
2. Explanation of the spatial patterns found
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Life course trajectories
Regional cultural differences
Socio-economic status
Meeting places
3. Understanding the motivation to choose
a spatially homogamous or
heterogamous partner
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people tend to choose
partners who live
nearby
geographical
distance
information, time,
energy, costs
distance
between
partners
uneven distribution of
population
social and cultural
groups are
geographically
clustered
Conceptual
model
demographic
factors
region
spatial
factors
•age
•sex
•household
position
•location
•regional
cultural
differences
•population
density
•urban/ rural
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Research questions
• What factors explain spatial homogamy
in the Netherlands?
- Demographic factors: age and household
position
- Socio-economic status: education, income,
house values
- Spatial factors: geography, core/ periphery,
urban/ rural
- Cultural factors: religion/ denomination,
dialect
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Partner choice determined
by distance
Partner choice determined by
distance and other spatial factors
Data
Cooperation with Statistics Netherlands
GBA, the Dutch Population Register (1995-2004)
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Personal Identification Number
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Personal Lists
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All migration is registered
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Linkages between PINs
Social Statistical File (1999-2003)
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Linked registers in which demographic and socioeconomic data are stored
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Data from insurance registers/ tax registers etc.
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PINS are available
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Longitudinal data
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Operationalisation
• Spatial homogamy: distances between partners
the distance between the former addresses of
cohabiters and their birth places
• Cohabiters: persons who
– are married (GBA) OR
– have a registered partnership (GBA) OR
– are cohabiting
• derived from household statistics
• household positions are mostly (93%)
established on the basis of relationships to other
persons at the address
• if it is not clear what household position a person
has, the position is estimated using an imputation
model (by Statistics Netherlands)
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Data and study design
GBA, the Dutch population register (N of registrations 01/01/2005=16,305,526)
Annual Household Statistics (N of households 01/01/2005=7,090,965)
Persons experiencing a transition to living together in 2004 (N=326,538)
Address before
cohabitation
partner1
partner2
distance
Address 5 years
before cohabitation
p1
p2
distance
Birthplace
p1
p2
distance
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Measuring distance
• ACN-coordinates identify each individual
address through the 6-digit postal code and
house number
• Distances are calculated by computing the
Euclidian distance and gives the exact
distance between partners before
cohabitation, in meters
• Distance between birth places are calculated
by measuring the distance between the
centroids of birth municipalities of partners
(taking into account all municipal redivisions from 1900-1980)
• No address means no distance
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Distance decay in partner choice
2004, all new cohabitations
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Distances
1 year before
cohabitation
Mean
Median
5 years
before
cohab.
at birth
23 km
28 km
46 km
6 km
8 km
24 km
Research problems (1)
GIS issues
• Other distance than Euclidian
distance? e.g. traveling distance
• Use Cost Weighted paths? How to
define costs?
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Research problems (2)
Spatial models
• Micro data
• Which aggregate regional level?
• Not available on individual level:
education, religion, dialect
• Combination of data on individual and
regional level
• Many explanatory variables have a clear
spatial pattern
• Spatial autocorrelation: on the basis of what?
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