Transcript Church in the 1800’s

Enter Modernity
Syllabus of Errors
Written by: Pius IX
When: December 8, 1864
What is it: Documents a list of “errors” facing society in that
time (and ours). Every listed item is being condemned by the
Pope, not endorsed.
Why: To identify and denounce the problems of the time.
Syllabus of Errors Activity
In your group read your section of the Syllabus of Errors.
1. Identify the top 5 most severe/harmful errors and
rewrite them in your own words. (use complete sentences)
2. Using complete sentences explain why these errors
are bad/detrimental for society.
3. Write your own “Syllabus of Errors” for Bishop Carroll.
(Must have at least 10 errors) (complete sentences)
Work on for first 10 min of class.
Share with Class
Mr. Schwarz’s Syllabus of Errors
1.
Talking while the teacher is talking is a fruitful and formative activity
2.
Rap and hip hop are considered valid genres of actual and good music.
3.
Swearing is morally neutral because words do not have meaning
4.
“What if” and “Is it a sin” questions are important and edifying inquiries.
5.
Being on one’s phone during class is “okay” if not texting.
6.
Having not viewed Star Wars is an acceptable facet in one’s life.
7.
“I didn’t study/finish homework” is a valid excuse to not participate in the Holy Sacrifice
of our savior Jesus Christ whom all things pale in comparison to.
8.
That dogs have immortal souls akin to humans and will be separate and unique entities
in heaven.
9.
Complete sentences are the bane of humanity and should never be used.
10. Reading is a waste of time because it is difficult and boring.
Church in the 1800’s
New Ideas of 19th c. Society stemming from the enlightenment.
Liberalism: Ideology focused on human freedom and the idea
that progress equals flourishing. Really an effort to gain more
freedom, which turns into a wish to do ANYTHING; it's an abuse
of free will. Tainted view of Freedom
Nationalism: Patriotism to the point of conquering and
intolerance towards other nations and even the Church if it
stands in the way
These lead to further rejection of the Church, God, and religion
as a whole.
Liberalism
 Liberalism is not intrinsically anti-Christian but it is antimonarchy and looked to new systems of governance.
 “Liberalism glorified absolute individual freedom and
supported the overthrow of any government or institution
that limited freedom”  liberal thinkers believe that the
Church was too closely intertwined with the monarchy and
did indeed limit freedom.
Modernism
 “The synthesis of all heresies” according to St. Pope Pius X.
 Modernism attacks the Faith from within rather than from the outside.
 Ex. A modernist would not deny that Jesus fed 5,000 but rather re-interpret the event and
say that the true miracle is merely communal sharing prompted by Jesus.
Modernism:
rejects the supernatural
Is atheistic in general
Denies divine revelation and objective Truth.
Has contempt for virtue and beauty
1814-1914
 Many new political trends develop during the 19th century.
 This time period sees many persecutions of the Church
 Confiscation of the Papal States in 1870 when Italy unites. Pope Pius IX becomes “Prisoner
of the Vatican.
 Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Prime Minister) – Kulturkampf or “culture struggle” in
Germany.
Catholic Revival
A. Why?
•
More Catholics than ever before because of missionaries

Amazing renewal and growth in religious orders

growth in women’s religious orders

Growth in missionary orders
B. Results

Expansion of Catholic education system

Increase in Catholic hospitals, orphanages
C. Missionary Age: made possible by:

Medicine

Transportation

Communication

Enthusiastic young men and women
Missionary Age
Made possible by:
 Medicine
 Transportation
 Communication
 Enthusiastic young men and women
Persecutions - Kulturkamph
 “culture war” or “culture struggle”
 Political struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the German
government from 1871-1878.
 Otto Von Bismarck wanted a strongly unified Germanic state and saw the Church
as a hindrance to that goal.
 Waged a propaganda war against the Church.

Took over Catholic schools

Expelled religious orders

Enforced civil marriage over sacramental marriage

Imprisoned bishops and priests
The Church won this conflict due to Papal perseverance and the loyalty of the
lay people.
Thinking Thursday

The person who makes it has no need for it. The person who purchases it does not use it. The
person who does use it does not know they are. What is it?
Answer: Coffin
Through the Eyes of the Popes
Pius IX (1846-1878)
 Fought liberalism and nationalism
 Called Vatican I
 Defined Papal Infallibility
 Didn’t finish the council due to European
wars
 Wrote the ____________________
Vatican I 1868-1870
 Last ecumenical council was the Council of Trent.
 Called in order to deal with the problems of rationalism, liberalism and
materialism (all the things listed in the Syllabus of Errors)
Vatican I 1868-1870
 Defined Church teachings
 Condemned
-Infallibility
-Atheism - there is no God
-God's existence
-Materialism - Only
material things exist
-Divine Revelation
-Relation between Faith
and Reason
-Rationalism - If it can't be
proven by science or
reason, it's not true
-Pantheism - many gods
Pope Leo XIII (1846-1878)
 Recognized the problems of the Industrial
Revolution
 His work Rerum Novarum discusses the
dignity of work and insists on the basic rights
of oppressed works.
St. Pope Pius X (1903-1914)
Frequent reception of Communion
Children should receive Communion earlier
Called for active participation of the laity in the Mass
More Persecutions – Mexico
 1917 Mexico becomes the first official
socialist, anti-religious, constitutional
revolutionary republic.
 Anti-Christian legislation and sentiment
begin to increase
 Ex: Masses forbidden, property confiscated, anti –
clerical laws
 Armed rebellion rises = Christeros
 Bl. Miguel Pro
The Great War and Catholicism
MAIN reasons for the start of WWI
Militarism (Materialism – Focus on wealth and accumulation)
Alliances (No previous unity – must create treaties)
Imperialism (Social Darwinism – Human dignity is ignored, humans
are not equal)
Nationalism (The State is greater than the Church)
Europe is a great big powder keg and the fuse is lit when Archduke
Franz Ferdinand is assassinated.
 Dehumanization
 Dread
 Despair
WWII and the Catholic Church
 Adolph Hitler not only persecuted the Jews in Germany but also Catholics.
 The Roman Catholic Church was deemed an obstacle by Hitler’s regime.
 Many Catholics and Church leaders were outspoken and defended the Jews
and others who were being persecuted by the Nazis.
 Saints during the War
 St. Teresa Benedicta (Edith Stein)
 St. Maximilian Kolbe
 Bl. Franz Jagerstatter
Pius XII

Before his pontificate: Papal Nuncio
to Germany 1917-1929

Fought against National Socialism.

As Pope he spoke out against Nazism
and their treatment of Jews. The NY
Times lauded him as a “lone voice
crying out in the silence of a
continent”

Often hid Jews within the Vatican.

Jewish historians estimate that
almost 860,000 Jews were saved
because of the direct action of Pius
XII and the Church.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6Zr
ZUHeWBU
St. Pope John XXIII
 Elected Pope October 28, 1958 after
the death of Pius XII
 Known as Good Pope John
 Felt called to convene an ecumenical
council  Vatican II
 Established himself as a very
different and outgoing Pope that
brought a lot of openness to the
Church. (He was elected as a papa di
passaggio, an interim pope)
 He changed the status quo of the
papacy and the calling of Vatican II
brought many changes to the
Church.
Vatican II

"Open a window in the Church and let the Holy Spirit blow through"

This council is different from all other councils. The others were called to fight heresies and
correct errors. This was called to bring new life.
Two main themes:
1. Renovation (new life) – aggiornamento
a. Mass in the language of the people (langue Franca)
b. Gestures (in the Mass) - some eliminated, some changed
c. Encouraging all the faithful to strive for holiness
d. Gave us fresh teaching on Catholic Social Doctrine
e. Guidance for missionaries, ordained ministry, consecrated, laity
f. Encouraged using the media for the glory of God
2. Return to the Sources - ancient Christian tradition, see if you've strayed too far

Pope John XXIII died before the end of the Council

So far, his body is incorrupt. He looks as if he were sleeping.
Pope Paul VI
 Pope Paul VI (1963-1978)
 Closed Vatican II and began the
implementation of the Council
 Wrote the Papal Encyclical
Humane Vitae (Human Life)
 Re-affirms Church teaching on
married love, parenthood and
rejects birth control.
John Paul I
 Elected Pope August 26, 1978
– September 28, 1978.
 Only Pope for 33 days
(shortest papacy in the
Catholic Church)
St. Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
 Encyclicals: Fides et Ratio, Evangelium Vitae, Veritatis Splendor
 Theology of the Body
 Engages the youth of the world: WYD!!!
 Influential in the in the breakup of the Soviet Union and
communism.
Pope St. John Paul II
 The MOST: travels, encyclicals, canonizations, beatifications, cardinals
 Mary's pope - Motto: "Totus Tuus", Frequently visited Marian shrines,
devotion to Our Lady of Fatima, Our Lady of Guadalupe, the black Madonna,
shield is a cross with M, Rosary was his favorite prayer
 Also helped combat and defeat communism especially within Poland.
Pope Benedict XVI 2005-2013
• Known as God’s “Rottweiler” because of
his tenacious and firm Theology but he is
the “German Shepard”
 Pope John Paul II's close friend
 Very kind, gentle, and loving
 He was forced into the Nazi army;
however, he was put in prison for refusing
to fight
 First encyclical was "God is Love". His
second encyclical is about Hope.
 He is also very Marian.
Pope Francis 2013-Present