Transcript Age of Federalism - John F. Kennedy Catholic High School

Age of Federalism
Presidents
George Washington
John Adams
Age of Federalism
Washington develops government’s systems –
how to govern.
Domestic Policies decided by presidents’ advisors
4 Cabinet “Secretary” Positions
Treasury
State
Att’y General
War
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Edmund Randolph
Henry Knox
Judiciary Act of 1789
• Create a “Courts” system
• Among first acts of new administration
• Supreme Court consists of
Chief Justice & 5 Associate Justices
• 13 Federal District Courts & 3 “Circuit Courts”
Federalist Domestic Policy
• Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan
- “Report on Manufactures…”
- National banking system
- Assumption & Financing of debt
• Government promotes business & manufacturing
• Strengthens US economy & world ‘standing’
• Law and Order – Strong Federal Government
Conflict with Jefferson Over Policy
“Strict” or “Loose” Interpretation of Constitution
Age of Federalism
Hamilton’s Financial Plans
1.
Finance national debt – never pay it back!
- Pay interest to those gov’t. owed money
2. Promote investment in government by business
- Assures investors want government to succeed
3. Tariffs on foreign goods and on domestic
whiskey to collect revenue
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Washington’s Problems
• “Impressment” – British seizing American ships
• British – French War - Should we take sides?
Federalists – NO
Opponents – YES
• “Citizen Genet” – French diplomat stirs up trouble
• Spain blocking access to Mississippi River
• Whiskey Rebellion – Should new government allow
violent protests against its authority?
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Washington’s Solutions
The War
- Proclamation of Neutrality
- “Jay” Treaty w/ England
Spain
- Pinckney’s Treaty
Whiskey Rebellion - Leads Federal Troops – Ends it
First use of national troops to end protest.
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Jay’s Treaty with Britain
• Objectives
- Stop “impressment” of American ships
- Abandon British forts on Northwest frontier
- Expand trade between the two nations in the
Caribbean.
• Problems
- No agreement to stop impressment
- Didn’t stop English from trading fur in US.
- Anti-Feds saw expanded trade as a “sellout”
and betrayal of the Revolution
Age of Federalism
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain
• Objectives
- Secure land claims west of the Appalachians
- Guarantee shipping rights on the Mississippi
• Results
- Gave up all land but Florida, but set boundary
- Opened Mississippi to American shipping
and allowed use of the port of New Orleans
Age of Federalism
Washington’s Ideology
• Economy balanced between manufacturing and
agriculture
• Law and Order to assure the new nation’s survival
• “Isolationism” to prevent foreign influence on US
affairs. Avoid dependence in “the critical period”.
Guided (drove) the way the US developed for 12 years
Age of Federalism
Washington’s Legacy
• Showed us how to plan to operate government
• Set nation on the path to growth and world status by: siding with Hamilton’s financial ideas
- signing Pinckney & Jay Treaties
• Established precedent of 2 terms for President
• Established policy of “Isolationism” in his Farewell
Address which we would follow for another 90 years.
“It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances
with any portion of the foreign world..."
Age of Federalism
Competing Ideologies - Political Parties Emerge
•
Federalists (Hamilton) succeed
- Economic policy
- Peace and expanded trade with Britain
- Establish Federal authority suppressing
Whiskey Rebellion
•
Democratic (Jeffersonian) Republicans challenge
vision of Federalists and organize opposition
- newspaper attacks
- sponsor candidates for office
Age of Federalism
Adams Presidency
• John Adams beats Jefferson for President BUT
Jefferson becomes Vice President – opposite parties!
• Sectionalism emerges (regional favoritism & disputes)
(North for Adams & South for Jefferson)
• Federalists win, but anger the people, so John Adams’
Presidency is a divisive & troubled one.
• Competing ideologies exist for a second time –
within a president’s administration
Age of Federalism
• French Object to Jay Treaty (w/England)
- Believe it violates the French- American Alliance
- Begin to attack American ships bound for England
• John Marshall visits French Foreign Minister Talleyrand, and
is denied an audience – an international insult
•
3 low level diplomats X, Y & Z, order $250,000 in bribes just
to help Marshall get in to see him!
“Millions for Defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
• 1798 - US builds a navy & confiscates French ships
Virtual War occurred
Age of Federalism
Balancing Security with Freedom
Alien & Sedition Acts
Use the document to answer the following:
1) What were the main provisions of the Act? (2)
2) What was the difference between the Alien part and
the Sedition part?
3) How did it violate American principle of liberty?
4) What Constitutional principle did it possibly violate?
Age of Federalism
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
• Nullified Alien & Sedition Acts as unconstitutional
• Held that states could override Federal law
Principle of “Nullification” born
• Jefferson and Madison sponsored laws in VA & KY
and try to get other states to pass laws too.
Age of Federalism
•Prosser Rebellion August 30, 1800
"First Major Slave Insurrection"
•Gabriel Prosser’s 1000 slave army revolts
•Plan to kill as many white men as possible and set
up a slave state in Virginia.
•Gov. James Monroe ends it, tries & hangs 34 rebels
including Prosser