Transcript TYPES OF NON VERBAL COM

•Most of us spend 75% of our waking hours
communicating our knowledge/thoughts/ideas to others
•Great deal of our communication is in a non verbal form
•It includes facial expression/eye contact/tone of
voice/body posture and motions/clothes we wear or
silence we keep
•Example of a movie hall
•Non verbal coined in the 20th century
Contd
 The non verbal features include –communication
through touch/smell/clothing/masks/vocal features
such as -stress-speech rate-accent –volume
 There are so many definitions
 -it is the communication that uses non –linguistic
means to convey the message
Significance in Organizations
 Samuel Morse inventor of the first electric telegraph
invented special alphabets of dots and dashes called
Morse code that is still used today-to communicate
words quickly over distances-other codes developed to
conceal the meaning of he messages-such codes have
played significant role in a variety of military battles
 Non verbal communication is nothing new “don’t
watch a persons mouth but his fists” was the advice of
Martin Luther the sixteenth century religious reformer
 We all know that the our earliest communication
successfully took place without words
 -as babies we communicated with every body only through
non verbal language-left behind but it has a profound
subconscious effect
 As professional we find that we are ill-equipped to cope
with contradictions between verbal & nonverbal messages
that will come across in the organization
 We should know to use the non verbal clues-
understanding /interpreting correcly
 Research has shown that between 70 & 90% of the
entire communication spectrum is non verbal
 -You have to be aware of the different forms of non
verbal communication you will encounter during
negotiation/conferences
 -We continually send & receive non verbal messages
 -most of us are not aware
 -doctors/politicians/CEO are excellent non verbal
communicators-some call it charisma others call it
style
 If you are only aware of the senders verbal message you
will likely miss the major portion of the overall
communication
 Being aware of both non verbal & verbal messages will
give you an important edge
 Skills in interpreting nonverbal communications will
help you to collect useful information from others
involved in the communication process
 An awareness of nonverbal communication may also
prevent you from harming your own position by
inadvertently sending non verbal signals that disclose
confidential information or a weakness in your
position
Example-Different strokes for different folks-non verbal
behaviours in different cultures can cause even greater
problems than the ones related to language problems
Non verbal can be unintentional/unconscious-makes it
difficult to study-scientific study –sophisticated
recording
 Non verbal cues are important in emotional
communication
-regarded as central to inter-personal relationships
-Knowledge of non verbal communication is important
for managers who serve as leaders of organizational
teams for two reasons
 First-to function effectively as a team leader
-team members project attitudes/feelings/personal
needs /growth/achievement/recognition
 Second-how something is expressed may carry more
significance and weight than what is saidaccompanied by a smile/frown/scolding voice or gentle
voice
 Those sending the message should understand
themselves better
 Silent language/nonverbal language important to
management-leadership & decision making style
-in job interviews and advertising
 Forms of Non Verbal Communication
 Conscious non verbal communication-Senders of
conscious no verbal communication are aware of what
they are doing /example giving a hug –message is
friendship
 Subliminal Non Verbal communication-are
communicated to the subconscious mind of the
receiver/the uniform of a police /military-power
 Voluntary or involuntary messages-Counscious and
subliminal messages can be transmitted voluntarily or
involuntarily
 Involuntary non verbal communication-body language
 Voluntary non verbal communication-Non verbal
communication an be controlled by a knowledgeable
person-A person knows that people telling lies blink
their eyes/so takes special care not to blink his eyes
• Types of Non Verbal communication
• It is a combination of cues and codes that work
together to produce a certain meaning
• There has to be integration of code and cues to give a
meaning
• Their functions
-To create impression
-To manage interaction
-To send relational message
-To send power and persuasion
Kinesics
Facial expression/posture/gesture
Oculesics
Eye contact
Haptics
The communication of touch
Proxemics
The communication of space &
proximity
Appearance and artifacts
The physical characteristics/the
attire/ac-cessories/perfume/makeup
/jewellery etc
Paralinguistics/vocalics
Variation in pitch/speed/volume and
pauses
Chronemics
The effects of time in communication
 Gestures-are observed actions
-Ambiguous or unambiguous/pointing at water and
mouth-wants to drink water
-unnatural gestures-touching the body/playing with
objects like clothing or pens/lip licking smiling too
often
-Beneficial gestures-performed with hands /arms and
heads
-arms/hands
 Conscious gestures-emblematic-gesture to sit
down/propositional gesture-size/this big
 Spontaneous Gestures-unplanned /unselfconscious-
gestures while speaking on the phone
-Four types of spontaneous gestures
-Iconic gestures may specify the manner in which an action is
to be carried out
-Metaphoric gestures-no physical form /meeting went on and
on-hand indicating rolling motion
-Deictics/locate in the physical space in front of the
narrator/to demarcate or wave away
-Beat gestures/small baton like movements /she talked first/I
mean second accompanied by hand flicking down and
then up
 Oculesics-is the way eyes are used during a
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communication exchange
This may include eye contact or the avoidance of eye
contact
It is also associated with kinesic movements
For example regulators often rely on both a kinesic
component such as raising of an eye brow and an
oculesic component such as looking into the eye of the
other person to get a message
It is a powerful form of non verbal communication
Eye is the most noticeable non verbal behaviour that
affects credibility-like old saying “eyes are your window
to the world”
 Good Eye contact enables the sender of a message to
determine whether the receiver is paying
attention/showing respect/responding
favourably/feeling distress
 Likewise the receiver ‘s perspective good eye contact
reveals the speakers sincerity/confidence/truthfulness
 The following can serve as effective guidance on eye
contact
 -If you have trouble staring someone in the look at
someone in the eye look at something else on their
face
 When speaking to a group look at everyone
 Look at people who are key decision makers or hold
power
 Look at reactive listeners
 Do not look at the floor /scripts or anything that
causes you tilt your head away from the receiver
 Do not look at bad listeners who may distract you
 Haptics-Touching is our first non verbal experience in
life
 Through touch we learn to relate to people and objects
 Touching is critical to our sense of wellbeing
 We feel loved /cared
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for/respected/appreciated/emotionally supported with
touch
This form of non verbal communication also exists in
other communication activities such as
handshake/touching someone’s feet to show respect
Haptic behaviour is used to indicate the degree of intimacy
Divided into
-Functional/professional
-Social/polite
-friendship/warmth
-love /intimacy
 Touching patterns differ with children & adults/friends
/strangers/subordinates and superiors in your work
environment
 In Indian context many managers feel uncertain
whether to touch or not –or how –to touch other
people at work –especially when the other person is of
the opposite sex
 Touch is an important way to convey warmth/comfort
and reassurance can be ignored
 Proxemics-space /distance /territory are factors related
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to proxemic communication
Space is the distance a person maintains between
him/herself and his/her fellows and which he /she
builds around him/her/in his/her home 7 office
The ways in which a person uses space may be very
significant to communication
There are many different types of space that include
ways in which we keep our home and office and how
we maintain personal space
Personal space /area around our bodies which we do
not want to be intruded-personal space is your bubblethe invisible boundary
Distance
Relation
Volume
Close (8 in to 12 in)
Highly personal/seldom
in public
Audible wishper/very
confidential
Near(12 in to 36 in)
Many social interaction
occur
Indoors/soft voice
Neutral(4.5 ft to 5 ft)
Most social gatherings
Outdoors/full voice
and business transactions
Public distance 5.5 ft to 8
ft)
Business /social
discourse/more formal
Full voice with slight over
loudness
Across the room (8ft to 20 Used by
ft)
teachers/speakers at
public gatherings
Loud voice talking to a
group
Far distance (20ft and
more
Public address systems
Public speaking by public
figures
 Appearance and Artifacts-Potential
employers/customers/colleagues are impressed by
people who are trim/muscular and good in shape
 One’s physical appearance creates an image of the
person in the same way the other non verbal message
do
 People who look attractive are considered to be likable
and persuasive/they have generally successful careers
 They are more credible more often than less attractive
people
 You must always keep in mind the following in mind: Pay attention to good grooming /including a neat
hairstyle/body hygiene/polished shoes and clean nails
 Invest in professional looking clothing and accessories
 Avoid flashy garments/clunky jewellery/garish make
up and overpowering perfumes
 Ensure that you feel comfortable in your attire and that
your accessories suit you before embarking on your
business day
 Paralanguage/vocalics-You may have overheard two
people arguing in the adjoining room even though you
could not make out their words/their emotions and
the fact they were arguing were explicit from the sound
and tone of their voices
 Likewise you might have heard two of your colleagues
talking to each other in a different language other than
yours/though you could not understand the contents
you would have had some idea about their talk or at
least their feelings-excitement/delight/frustration/exhausation/boredom or grief-from the tone of their
voice and other non verbal means
 Voice is an extraordinary human instrument
 People from different walks of life recognize that the
human voice communicates something beyond
language
 These effects are referred o by impressionistic
descriptions /such as tone of voice/voice
quality/manner of speaking/or the way they said it
 Para language refers to all vocally produced sound that
is not a direct form of linguistic communication
 Paralanguage includes utterance that may have strong
signifying traits but no semantic meaning
 This non lexical vocal communication may be
considered a type of non verbal communication in its
broadest sense as it can suggest many emotional
nuances
 This category includes a number of sub categories:
Tone(direct/commanding/loud/harsh/disguised/soft/
gentle/comforting/pleasing/volatile/scheming/sharp/
boisterous/rage/nasal etc
 -Inflection(spread-narrow)Stressing-I’ve got a BIG
project/Stretching- I’ve got a B___i____g
project/pausing-I’ve got ….a big project
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Pitch(high-Low)
Intensity-(loud-soft0
Articulation(precise-imprecise)
Rhythm-(smooth-jerky)
 Quality
 -Dysfluencies/pauses(silence-vocalized)-phwe/uh/oh/
 -tempo/pacing(rapid-slow)speaking too quickly
 Chronemics-use of time as a message system-
including punctuality/waiting time/time spent