Transcript O'Brien MIS, 6th Ed.

1
Informatics in Logistics
Management
Lecture 2. Integrated Logistics
Support
Lecturer:
Prof. Anatoly Sachenko
2
Lecture Overview
Definition and Importance
 Scope of logistic support management
 Standards
 Integrated Logistics Support Elements
 Adoption
 Benefits and Value of ILS
 Implementing an ILS Solution
 Overview of ILS Process Requirements
 System Engineering Process
 TOC and CAIV
 Logistics Support Analysis

3
Definition
Integrated logistics support (ILS)
 is an integrated approach to the
management of logistic disciplines in the
military,
 similar to commercial product support or
customer service organizations
 Although originally developed for military
purposes, it is applied by the private sector as
well

4
Definition
Two popular definitions:
1. ILS – is a management function that provides
planning, funding, and functioning controls which
help to assure that the system meets performance
requirements, is developed at a reasonable price, and
can be supported throughout its life cycle
2. ILS – encompasses the unified management of the
technical logistics elements that plan and develop the
support requirements for a system. This can include
hardware, software, and the provisioning of training
and maintenance resources.

5
Definition
Integrated definition:
“A disciplined, unified and iterative approach to the
management and technical activities necessary to:
(1) integrate support considerations into system and
equipment design;
(2) develop support requirements that are related
consistently to readiness objectives, to design, and to
each other;
(3) acquire the required support; and
(4) provide the required support during the operational
phase at minimum cost”.
6
Definition
 In
general, ILS plans and directs the identification
and development of logistics support and system
requirements for military systems, with the goal of
creating systems that last longer and require less
support.
 ILS therefore, addresses these aspects of
supportability not only during acquisition, but also
throughout the operational life cycle of the system.
 The impact of ILS is often measured in terms of
metrics such as Reliability, Availability,
Maintainability and Testability (RAMT), and
sometimes System Safety (RAMS).
7
Importance
 In
the world of Aerospace & Defense programs,
Sustainment & Supportability have become a major
cost consideration within complex systems.
 These two facets of the A&D product lifecycle are
now being carefully considered and, in some cases,
are being given more consideration than the initial
purchase price when making the acquisition decision.
 In fact, the total lifecycle cost is quickly displacing
initial system or equipment cost as the criteria for
awarding contracts.
8
Importance
For
many of the world’s top A&D firms, the
solution to the Sustainability and Supportability
issue lies in Integrated Logistics Support (ILS)
By installing and applying ILS tools and
processes, A&D firms are able to significantly
lower sustainment costs, such that they’re able to
easily differentiate their products in competitive
situations, and win more profitable contracts
Read on and discover how ILS is reshaping the
way A&D companies are now managing
sustainment as part of the overall lifecycle
9
Scope of logistic support management
10
Definition
11
Scope of logistic support management
12
Standards
ILS
has been categorized by the United
Kingdom Ministry of Defense (UK MoD)
Through Life Support (TLS) Directorate into:
 Reliability Engineering, Maintainability
Engineering and Maintenance (preventive,
predictive and corrective) Planning
 Supply Support (Spare part) / acquire
resources
 Support and Test Equipment
 Manpower and Personnel
13
Standards
Training and Training Support
 Technical Data / Publications
 Computer Resources Support
 Facilities
 Packaging, Handling, Storage, and
Transportation
 Design Interface

14
Standards
In
USA initial efforts to collect logistics
information in a standardized way were
accomplished by the US Army with the
issuance of MIL-STD-1388-2B
MIL-STD-1388 was eventually replaced by
MIL-PRF-49506 Logistics Management
Information
This change reflected a shift towards
identifying a project’s performance outcomes,
rather than recording the detailed technique to
achieve them.
15
Standards in Europe
In
Europe, the Ministry of Defence of the
United Kingdom adapted the specification to
meet their own needs and issued DEF-STAN00-60
This was the first specification to formally
link the previously separate disciplines of
Provisioning, LSA and Technical
Publications under a common specification,
and also the first to attempt to formalize a
product lifecycle as part of an acquisition
process
16
Integrated Logistics Support Elements
 All
elements of ILS are ideally developed in
coordination with the system engineering effort and
with each other
 Tradeoffs may be required between elements in order
to acquire a system that is: affordable (lowest life
cycle cost), operable, supportable, sustainable,
transportable, and environmentally sound
 The planning for ILS for a system may be contained
in an Integrated Logistics Support Plan (ILSP)
 ILS planning activities coincide with development of
the system acquisition strategy, and the program will
be tailored accordingly
17
Integrated Logistics Support Elements
18
Adoption
 Influence
on Design. ILS will provide important
means to identify (as early as possible) reliability
issues / problems and can initiate system or part
design improvements based on reliability,
maintainability, testability or system availability
analysis (for example by the proper use of detailed
functional and/or piece part FMECA techniques,
Event tree and Fault tree analysis / assessments,
Reliability Block Diagrams, Importance
measurements, Reliability centered maintenance
(RCM) / Maintenance steering Group 3 and Monte
Carlo techniques).
19
Adoption
Design of the Support Solution for minimum
cost. Ensuring that the Support Solution
considers and integrates the elements
considered by ILS. This is discussed fully
below.

20
Adoption
Initial Support Package. These tasks include
calculation of requirements for spare parts,
special tools, and documentation. Quantities
required for a specified initial period are
calculated, procured, and delivered to support
delivery, installation in some of the cases, and
operation of the equipment.

21
Overview of ILS Process Requirements
 The
Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) process
provides the basis for the ILS program. Through the
LSA, the source data and maintenance plans are
generated and documented.
 The LSA is designed both to examine the product
design and to recommend improvements in design
that can result in increased maintainability,
reliability and supportability of the equipment or
system.
22
Overview of ILS Process Requirements
 This
is accomplished by defining and recommending
changes in design that will result in:
1. Reduced time to perform maintenance
2. Greater reliability of components
3. Maintenance procedures requiring little or no
specialized support equipment or specialized training
23
System Engineering Process
24
TOC and CAIV
Total
Ownership Cost (TOC) and Cost As an
Independent Variable (CAIV). TOC is the sum
of all life cycle costs and the cost of the
supporting infrastructure that plans and
manages an asset. Over 50% of the TOC is
incurred during the sustainment of an asset.
One of the primary goals of logistics and the
systems engineering process is to provide a
system and support at a reasonable/right cost.
25
TOC and CAIV
As
much as 80% of the TOC is determined
during the initial acquisition. The application
of TOC procedures through tradeoffs can
greatly reduce the out-year costs while
maximizing operational effectiveness. Program
managers and personnel tasked with acquiring
Coast Guard assets shall make the reduction of
TOC one of the key components of the
acquisition.
26
TOC and CAIV
 The
CAIV concept is based on setting aggressive
(low), realistic cost objectives and managing to
achieve them by conducting trade-off analyses that
consider cost, performance, schedule, and
supportability. The objectives must balance
operational needs with projected out-year resources.
The key principles are:
 Set realistic but aggressive cost objectives (defined
as ranges) early in the acquisition.
 Manage risk to achieve cost, schedule,
performance, and life cycle support objectives.
27
TOC and CAIV
Use metrics to track progress in setting and
achieving the cost objectives.
 Make use of tools such as cost estimating,
requirements analysis, tradeoff risk analysis,
Pareto analysis (focus on biggest payback items),
and Value Engineering (identify reductions where
cost and performance are out of balance).
 Motivate managers and industry and provide
incentives for meeting program objectives.

28
TOC and CAIV
29
Logistics Support Analysis
When
the optimum design is defined, other
ILS elements, such as training, technical
publication and provisioning, are planned,
guided and completed. This process ensures
that the maintenance protocol will meet the
program maintenance concept. It also ensures
that supportability requirements are
considered and incorporated into the design of
the equipment or system early in the product
design phase.
30
Logistics Support Analysis
The
ILS process typically begins with an LSA
Plan. This document gathers and defines
program requirements and objectives. This
plan would detail the activities to be
accomplished to ensure that these
requirements and objectives will be met. The
plan would include the scheduling of LSA
activities relative to program scheduled events,
such as the Preliminary and Critical Design
Reviews.
31
Logistics Support Analysis
The
LSA is not an isolated, internally-based
activity. Instead, it requires data/input from
subcontractors, vendors, engineering, and the
customer. At a high level, there are specific
areas that are included in LSA. These include:
1. Maintenance Planning
2. Supply Support
3. Support and Test Equipment/Equipment
Support
4. Manpower and Personnel
32
Logistics Support Analysis
5. Training and Training Support
6. Technical Data
7. Computer Resources Support
8. Facilities
9. Packaging, Handling, Storage and
Transportation
10. Design Interface
33
Maintenance planning

Maintenance planning begins early in the acquisition
process with development of the maintenance
concept. It is conducted to evolve and establish
requirements and tasks to be accomplished for
achieving, restoring, and maintaining the operational
capability for the life of the system. Maintenance
planning relies on Level Of Repair Analysis (LORA)
as a function of the system acquisition process. Its
planning will:
 Define the actions and support necessary to ensure
that the system attains the specified system
readiness objectives with minimum Life Cycle Cost
(LCC).
34
Maintenance planning
Set up specific criteria for repair, including BuiltIn Test Equipment (BITE) requirements,
testability, reliability, and maintainability; support
equipment requirements; automatic test
equipment; and manpower skills and facility
requirements.
 State specific maintenance tasks, to be performed
on the system.
 Define actions and support required for fielding
and marketing the system.
 Address warranty considerations.

35
Maintenance planning
The maintenance concept must ensure prudent use
of manpower and resources. When formulating the
maintenance concept, analysis of the proposed
work environment on the health and safety of
maintenance personnel must be considered.
 Conduct a LORA repair analysis to optimize the
support system, in terms of LCC, readiness
objectives, design for discard, maintenance task
distribution, support equipment and ATE, and
manpower and personnel requirements.
 Minimize the use of hazardous materials and the
generation of waste.

36
Supply support
Supply support encompasses all management
actions, procedures, and techniques used to
determine requirements to:
 Acquire support items and spare parts.
 Catalog the items.
 Receive the items.
 Store and warehouse the items.
 Transfer the items to where they are
needed.

37
Supply support
Issue the items.
 Dispose of secondary items.
 Provide for initial support of the system.
 Acquire, distribute, and replenish
inventory.

38
Support and test equipment
Support
and test equipment includes all
equipment, mobile and fixed, that is required
to perform the support functions, except that
equipment which is an integral part of the
system. Support equipment categories include:
 Handling and Maintenance Equipment.
 Tools (hand tools as well as power tools).
 Metrology and measurement devices.
 Calibration equipment.
 Test equipment.
39
Support and test equipment
Automatic test equipment.
 Support equipment for on- and offequipment maintenance.
 Special inspection equipment and depot
maintenance plant equipment, which
includes all equipment and tools required to
assemble, disassemble, test, maintain, and
support the production and/or depot repair
of end items or components.

40
Manpower and personnel
Manpower
and personnel involves
identification and acquisition of personnel with
skills and grades required to operate and
maintain a system over its lifetime. Manpower
requirements are developed and personnel
assignments are made to meet support
demands throughout the life cycle of the
system. Manpower requirements are based on
related ILS elements. Human factors
engineering (HFE) or behavioral research is
frequently applied to ensure a good manmachine interface.
41
Manpower and personnel
Manpower requirements are predicated on
accomplishing the logistics support mission in
the most efficient and economical way. This
element includes such requirements during
planning and decision process:
 Man-machine and environmental interface
 Special skills
 Human factors considerations during the
planning and decision process

42
Training and training devices
Training
and training devices support
encompasses the processes, procedures,
techniques, training devices, and equipment
used to train personnel to operate and support
a system. This element defines requirements
for the training of operating and support
personnel throughout the life cycle of the
system.
43
Training and training devices

It includes requirements for:
 Competencies management
 Factory training
 Instructor and key personnel training
 New equipment training team
 Resident training
 Sustainment training
 User training
44
Technical data
Technical
Data and Technical Publications
consists of scientific or technical information
necessary to translate system requirements
into discrete engineering and logistic support
documentation. Technical data is used in the
development of repair manuals, maintenance
manuals, user manuals, and other documents
that are used to operate or support the system.
45
Technical data

Technical data includes, but may not be limited to:
 Technical manuals
 Technical and supply bulletins
 Transportability guidance technical manuals
 Maintenance expenditure limits and calibration
procedures
 Repair parts and tools lists
 Maintenance allocation charts
 Corrective maintenance instructions
 Preventive maintenance and Predictive
maintenance instructions
46
Technical data
Drawings/specifications/technical data packages
 Software documentation
 Provisioning documentation
 Depot maintenance work requirements
 Identification lists
 Component lists
 Product support data
 Flight safety critical parts list for aircraft
 Lifting and tie down pamphlet/references

47
Computer resources support
 Computer
Resources Support includes the facilities,
hardware, software, documentation, manpower, and
personnel needed to operate and support computer
systems and the software within those systems.
Computer resources include both stand-alone and
embedded systems. This element is usually planned,
developed, implemented, and monitored by a
Computer Resources Working Group (CRWG) or
Computer Resources Integrated Product Team (CRIPT) that documents the approach and tracks
progress via a Computer Resources Life-Cycle
Management Plan (CRLCMP).
48
Computer resources support
Developers will need to ensure that planning
actions and strategies contained in the ILSP
and CRLCMP are complementary and that
computer resources support for the
operational software, and ATE software,
support software, is available where and when
needed.

49
Packaging, handling, storage, and
transportation (PHS&T)
PHS&T
includes resources and procedures to
ensure that all equipment and support items
are preserved, packaged, packed, marked,
handled, transported, and stored properly for
short- and long-term requirements. It includes
material-handling equipment and packaging,
handling and storage requirements, and prepositioning of material and parts.
 System constraints (such as design
specifications, item configuration, and safety
precautions for hazardous material)
50
Packaging, handling, storage, and
transportation (PHS&T)
Special security requirements
 Geographic and environmental restrictions
 Special handling equipment and procedures
 Impact on spare or repair parts storage
requirements
 Emerging PHS&T technologies, methods, or
procedures and resource-intensive PHS&T
procedures
 Environmental impacts and constraints

51
Facilities
The
Facilities logistics element is composed of
a variety of planning activities, all of which are
directed toward ensuring that all required
permanent or semi-permanent operating and
support facilities (for instance, training, field
and depot maintenance, storage, operational,
and testing) are available concurrently with
system fielding. Planning must be
comprehensive and include the need for new
construction as well as modifications to
existing facilities.
52
Facilities
It also includes studies to define and establish
impacts on life cycle cost, funding
requirements, facility locations and
improvements, space requirements,
environmental impacts, duration or frequency
of use, safety and health standards
requirements, and security restrictions. Also
included are any utility requirements, for both
fixed and mobile facilities, with emphasis on
limiting requirements of resources.

53
Design interface
Design
interface is the relationship of logisticsrelated design parameters of the system to its
projected or actual support resource
requirements. These design parameters are
expressed in operational terms rather than as
inherent values and specifically relate to
system requirements and support costs of the
system. Programs such as "design for
testability" and "design for discard" must be
considered during system design.
54
Design interface

The basic requirements:
 Reliability
 Maintainability
 Standardization
 Interoperability
 Safety
 Security Usability
 Environmental and HAZMAT
 Privacy, particularly for computer systems
55
Benefits and Value of ILS

This data, if developed in an integrated logistics
environment, will be used as part of the analysis and
design improvement process. It will then be leveraged
to produce the training, provisioning and technical
publications required to support the system or
equipment. Here are some specific examples of
realized benefits:
 Initial Design Improvements
 Provisioning Data
 Technical Publications
 Training and eLearning
56
Implementing an ILS Solution: Pitfalls of a
Point-Solution Approach
It
is clear that ILS offers tremendous benefits
to manufacturers, hence its adoption as a best
practice for the A&D industry. Since
compliance is increasingly being demanded by
customers, the question that needs to be
answered is: What are the most common
pitfalls in an ILS implementation, and how can
they be overcome?
57
Implementing an ILS Solution: Pitfalls of a
Point-Solution Approach
To meet ILS requirements, organizations
must deploy specialized and highly structured
solutions with such core elements:
 a basic LSA sub-system
 a provisioning sub-system
 a technical publication development subsystem
 a training/eLearning solution sub-system
 an information publishing delivery system

58
Implementing an ILS Solution: Pitfalls of a
Point-Solution Approach
Even
when a point solution is architected and
deployed within an organization, it is often
incomplete and lacks the necessary
automation. Thus, organizations are left to
define the processes of:
1. Accessing and reusing design information in
the various sub-systems
2. Creating graphics and illustrations specific to
product configurations
3. Triggering documentation updates when
designs or configurations change
59
References
 James
V. Jones. Integrated Logistics Support
Handbook. McGraw-Hill Logistics Series, 2006. - 528
p.
 Blanchard B.S. System Engineering Management,
Prentice-Hall. 1998.
 Blanchard B.S., Fabrycky W.J. Systems Engineering
and Analysis, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall. 1998.
 Ebeling C. An Introduction to Reliability and
Maintainability Engineering, McGraw-Hill. 1996.
 Mark Willis. System Supportability Engineering –
SMART Integrated Logistics Support. 14th
International Mirce Symposium, 1-3 December 2004,
Woodbury Park, Exeter, UK.
60
Handbooks
 MIL-HDBK-217,
Reliability Prediction of Electronic
Equipment, U.S. Department of Defense.
 MIL-HDBK-338B, Electronic Reliability Design
Handbook, U.S. Department of Defense.
 MIL-HDBK-781A, Reliability Test Methods, Plans,
and Environments for Engineering Development,
Qualification, and Production, U.S. Department of
Defense.
 NASA PRA - Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Handbook
 NASA Fault Tree Assessment handbook
61
Standards
 Army
Regulation 700-127 Integrated Logistics
Support, 27 September 2007
 British Defence Standard 00-600 Integrated Logistics
Support for MOD Projects
 Federal Standard 1037C in support of MIL-STD-188
 MIL-STD-785, Reliability Program for Systems and
Equipment Development and Production, U.S.
Department of Defense.
 MIL-STD 1388-1A Logistic Support Analysis (LSA)
 MIL-STD 1388-2B Requirements for a Logistic
Support Analysis Record
 MIL-STD-1629A, Procedures for Performing a
Failure Mode, Effects and criticality analysis