Transcript Document
IceCube!!
IceCube has been designed as a discovery instrument with improved
: telescope area detection volume energy measurement of secondary muons and electromagnetic showers identification of neutrino flavor angular resolution
The IceCube Collaboration
Institutions: 11 US, 8 European and 1
Japanese
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Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware BUGH Wuppertal, Germany Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta USA
DESY-Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
Department of Physics, Southern University and A\&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Dept. of Physics, UC Berkeley, USA Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, USA
University of Mons-Hainaut, Mons, Belgium Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA Dept. of Astronomy, Dept. of Physics, SSEC, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, USA Division of High Energy Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Dept. of Physics, SCFAB, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
University of Alabama
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium Chiba University, Japan Also AMANDA
only IceCube
80 strings 60 modules/string Volume 1 km 3 Depth 1400-2400 m
IceCube:Top View
AMANDA 100 m Grid North Counting House South Pole SPASE-2 Dome Skiway
IceTop
IceCube
80 Strings 4800 PMT 1400 m 2400 m AMANDA South Pole Skiway
- flavors and energy ranges
Filled area: particle id, angle, energy Shaded area: energy and angle.
Neutrino flavor e e 6 9 12 15 18 Log(ENERGY/eV) 21
AMANDA-II
µ-events in IceCube
E µ =10 TeV E µ =6 PeV
1 km
Measure energy by counting the number of fired PMT.
(This is a very simple but robust method)
Cascade event
e + N --> e + X
The length of the actual cascade, ≈ 10 m, is small compared to the spacing of sensors 1 PeV ≈ 500 m diameter Fully active calorimeter with linear energy resolution Sensitivity for diffused flux about the same as for muons
E = 375 TeV
“Double Bang”
+ N -->
- + X
+ X
• E << 1 PeV: Single cascade (2 cascades coincide) • E ≈ 1 PeV: Double bang • E >> 1 PeV: Second cascade + tau track
Diffuse Fluxes: Predictions and Limits
Mannheim & Learned, 2000 Macro Baikal Amanda IceCube 1 pp core AGN (Nellen) 2 p core AGN Stecker & Salomon) 3 p „maximum model“ 4 p 5 p (Mannheim et al.) blazar jets (Mannh) AGN (Rachen & Biermann) 6 pp AGN (Mannheim) 7 GRB (Waxman & Bahcall) 8 TD (Sigl)
IceCube deployment schedule
Year 2003/2004 Number of deployed OM
180
Number of deployed strings
3
Total number of strings
3
Total number of OM
180
2004/2005 2005/2006
360 960 6 16 9 25 540 1500
2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010
960 960 960 420 16 16 16 7 41 57 73 80 2460 3420 4380 4800