Transcript The Gilded Age & Imperialism

The Gilded Age & Imperialism
Unit 5
Period 6
Chapters 16 & 17
4 Themes
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Industrialism
Urbanization
The West
Politics
Industrialism
• ROSE
Railroads
• Government subsidized
• Pacific Railway Act (1862)
• Union, Pacific and Central
– Chinese, Irish
– Credit Mobilier
– Stanford
• Transcontinental Railroad
Railroads
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
Robber Baron
Jay Gould
Significance
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Spurred Industrialization
United US
Domestic market
3 Western frontiers
City growth
Immigration
Foreign investment
Time Zones
Millionaires
Native Americans displaced
Corruption
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Robber Barons
Oligarchy
Pools
Rebates
Hurt farmers
Government Regulation
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Depression of 1870’s
Slaughterhouse Cases 1873
Munn v Illinois
Wabash Case
Corporation was a person
Interstate Commerce Act
Industrialization & Mechanization
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Natural Resources
interchangeable parts
Cash register, typewriter
Patents
Refrigerated car
Electric streetcar
Bell-phone
Edison-electricity (E)
APUSH Review
• Pools, Interlocking Directorates etc.
Robber Barons
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Rockefeller (Oil)
Carnegie (Steel)
Swift & Armour
Andrew Mellon
Gould
Vanderbilt
JP Morgan
“Nouveau Riche”
• Super rich
• Leisure class
• God Choose winners and losers
– Acres of Diamonds
• Social Darwinism
– Charles Darwin
– Charles Spencer
“Nouveau Riche”
• Gospel of Wealth
– Andrew Carnegie
– Philanthropy
– No hand outs
Government Regulation
• Sherman Anti Trust Act 1890
The New South
• Political
– Democratic Solid South
• Social
– Jim Crow
• Oligarchy
– Redeemers & Bourbons
– Merchants, industrialists, RR developers, bankers
The New South
• Industry
– Challenges
– Cotton Industry
– Iron & Steel
– Rail lines
– Tobacco
• Duke
The New South
• Results of Industrialization
– Just 10% of national level
– Per capita income 60% of national average
– Sharecropping dominates South
– Dependent on North for banking and mfg.
The New South
• Agriculture
– Sharecropping
– Tenant farming
The New South
• The “Lost Cause”
– Proud of defiance
– Cemeteries & monuments
– Uncle Remus
– Song of the South
Impact of Second Industrial Revolution
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Standard of living ultimately rose
Urbanization
American agriculture eclipsed by industrialism
Monopolies/trusts emerged
Regimented impersonal work-place
Woman achieved more social and economic
independence
• Social stratification
• Foreign trade developed
• Rise of the labor movement
Rise of Labor Movement
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Working conditions were tough
Low-skilled jobs made workers expendable
Strikes often broken by “scabs”
“yellow dog” contracts
Public grew tired of strikes
unpatriotic
blacklists
Rise of Labor Movement
• Civil War
• Collective Bargaining
• National Labor Union (1866)
– Social reform, 8 hr day, arbitration
– Colored National Labor Union
Rise of Labor Movement
• Molly Maquires
– Irish coal miniers
– Intimidation, arson & violence
Rise of Labor Movement
• Great Railroad Strike
– 1877
– 1st nationwide strike
– President Hayes sends in federal troops in PA
– Greenback Labor Party 1878
Rise of Labor Movement
• Knights of Labor
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Terence Powderly
“One Big Union”
Skilled & unskilled workers
Blacks & women
Economic & social reform
Replace wage system with workers owning factories
Associated with socialism
Rise of Labor Movement
• Haymarket Square Bombing
– Chicago
– May 4, 1886
– May Day
– Anarchists
– End of Knights of Labor
Rise of Labor Movement
• American Federation of Labor (AFL)
– Samuel Gompers
– Bread & butter issues
– Non political
– Closed shop
– Walk out & boycott
– Skilled workers
Rise of Labor Movement
• Major Strikes
– Homestead Strike (1892)
• Carnegie
• Pinkertons
• State militia and scabs
– Pullman Strike
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Eugene Debs & American Railway Union
Federal troops (US mail)
ARU detroyed
Injunction used
Rise of Labor Movement
• Began acceptance of unions to organize,
bargain and strike
• Labor Day 1894
• Used Sherman Act against Unions
• Clayton Antitrust Act 1913
– “magna carta of labor”
John Green
• Industrialism Review
Urbanization
• Significant growth of cities
– Population 40% by 1900
– Skyscrapers
– Louis Sullivan
– Form follows function
– Brooklyn Bridge
– Streetcar suburbs
– Different districts in cities
– Economic & social opportunities
Urbanization
– Department stores
– Entertainment
– Women career opportunities
– Castes emerged among women workers
• Clerks: WASP
• Factories: immigrants, farm girls, unionize
• Domestic Servants: Irish or black, bottom
Urbanization
• Class Distinctions
– Nouveau Riche (1%)
– Wealthy and Well to Do (12%)
– Middle Class
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White collar jobs
Salesmen to doctors
WASP
Large homes, 1 servant
– Working Class
• Immigrants, women worked
Urbanization
• Dumbell Tenements
• Unsanitary
• Unsafe
Political Machines
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One party domination
Tammany Hall
Boss Tweed
Bribery and fraud
Thomas Nast
NYC, Chicago, Boston
APUSH REVIEW
New Immigration
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17 million
Eastern & Southern Europe
Ellis Island
Maintained culture (schools, newspapers, social
clubs)
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Overpopulation
Land of opportunity
Jobs
Religious persecution
Chinese Immigration
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Burlingame Treaty
Angel Island
Miners & RR
Went back home
Workingmen’s Party
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
Reaction to New Immigrants
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Political Machines
Social Crusaders
Social Gospel & Rev. Josiah Strong
Salvation Army
Settlement House Movement
Jane Adams & Hull House
Florence Kelley
American Red Cross
YWCA
Reaction to New Immigrants
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Nativism
American Protective Association
Business liked immigration
KKK
Immigration
• APUSH Review
Reform Movements
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New Morality
Victoria Woodhull
Comstock Law
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Carrie Nation
Anti-Saloon League
Suffrage
• National American Women’s Suffrage Association
(1890)
– National Women’s Suffrage Association
• Susan B Anthony , Elizabeth Cady Stanton
– American Women Suffrage Association
• Lucy Stone, men, blacks, state level
• WCTU
• Gains
– Local elections, Wy.,Co.,Utah, and Idaho full suffrage
– End to feme covert
Religion
• Evolution vs. Creationism
• Fundamentalists
• Modernists
Education
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Grade school compulsory
High schools increased
Teaching schools increased
Kindergarten
Chautauqua
Illiteracy dropped to 10%
Colleges increase
The Press
• Newspapers
– Yellow Journalism
– Hearst & Pulitzer
• Reform Press
– The Nation
– Jacob Riis
– Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Literature
• Horatio Alger
• The Realist School
– Mark Twain
– Stephen Crane
Art
• Realism
• Ashcan School
Blacks in North
• W.E.B. Dubois
• Booker T Washington
John Green
• Growth, Cities, and Immigration: Crash Course
US History #25
The West
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Farming
Mining
Cattle frontiers
Populism
The West
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Frederick Jackson Turner
Plains Indians
4 territories left by 1890
Whites, blacks (18% in Ca.)
Exodusters (1 in 4)
Indians v Whites
• Indian Buffalo hunters
• Trines were independent nations & wards of
state
• Treaties
• Concentration policy 1851
– Treaty of Fort Lararmie (1868)
– Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indians v Whites
• Warfare
– 1868-1890
– Buffalo Regiment
– Sand Creek Massacre, Co. 1864
– Sioux War 1867-1877
• Sitting Bull
• Custer
• Little Big Horn
– Crazy Horse
Indians v Whites
• Nez Perce and Chief Joseph
– Canada
– Malaria camps
Indians v Whites
• Apache
– Guerrilla war
– Geronimo
Indians v Whites
• Wounded Knee
– Last
– Ghost Dance
– Dakota Sioux
– Massacre
Indians v Whites
• Results
– All on reservations
– Buffalo almost gone
– Railroads killed buffalo
– Whites killed
– Helen Hunt Jackson
– Dawes Severalty Act
• Boarding schools
• 1924
Railroads on the Frontier
• Established 3 western frontiers
• Towns grew
• Mining
– Comstock Lode
– Population
– Finance Civil War
– Silver
– literature
Railroads on the Frontier
• Cattle
– Long Drive
– Cowboys
– Barbed wire
Railroads on the Frontier
• Farming
– Homestead Act
End of Frontier
• Oklahoma Land Rush 1889
• 1890 no discernible line
APUSH Review
• 6.1
• 6.2
Politics
• Money Issue & Tariffs
– Silver & bimetallism
– McKinley Tariff Bill
Presidents of the Gilded Age
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Hayes
Garfield
Arthur
Cleveland
Harrison
Cleveland
McKinley
Politics & Farmers
• The Grange
– Wanted government control over big business
• Greenback Labor Party
– Wanted inflation
Populism
• Farmer’s Alliances were pre cursors to
Populism
– Supported Knights of Labor
– Sub treasuries to loan $ to farmers
– Against the “Eastern Establishment” (political
Bosses)
– Cheap money
– Increase money in circulation
– Use silver reserves
Populism
• People’s Party
– Farmer’s Alliances & disenfranchised southern
whites
Let’s get caught up on the Presidents
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Hayes
Garfield
Arthur
Cleveland
Harrison
Election of 1892
• Democrat: Cleveland
• Republican: Harrison
• Populist: Weaver
– Omaha Platform
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Free & unlimited silver (16:1)
Graduated income tax
Gvt. ownership of telephone, telegraph, RR
Initiative, referendum, recall
Postal savings bank
Direct election of Senators
Election of 1892
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Focus on protective tariff
Cleveland won
Populists won 22 electoral votes
Governors, senators, representatives 1,500
Cleveland
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Panic of 1893
Repealed Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Borrowed money from Morgan
Coxey’s Army
Pullman Strike
Wilson Gorman Bill
– Income tax & tariff
Election on 1896
• Democrat- William Jennings Bryan
– Cross of Gold
– Free silver
• Republican-McKinley
– Bimetallism
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MOST significant election since Lincoln
Farmers no longer important
Large population centers determine elections
African Americans abandoned by Republicans
Legacy of Populism
• RR Legislation
• Graduated income tax
• Direct election of senators (17th)
• Initiative, referendum, recall
POPULISM
PROGRESSIVISM
NEW
DEAL
Politics
• John Green
Imperialism
• John Green
• Chapter Notes
APUSH 6.3
• 6.3