Transcript Title here - Rotterdam Climate Initiative

Document number
Biomass based renewable technology:
20 years of operational experiences from the
Netherlands
Seminar São Paulo: RCI visiting Brazil
Hans Wassenaar
08 may 2012
About DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability
 Det Norske Veritas became majority shareholder of KEMA since 1 march 2012
 DNV KEMA is a company of 2,300 experts in over 30 countries around the world,
 KEMA is established in 1927,annual turnover in 2011 of 250 M€
 Headquartered in Arnhem, the Netherlands
 Providing world-class, innovative solutions in the fields of business & technical
consultancy, testing, inspections & certification, risk management, and verification.
 Committed to driving the global transition toward a safe, reliable, efficient, and clean
energy future.
 Objective and impartial knowledge-based company, we advise and support
organizations along the energy value chain
 DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability is part of DNV, a global provider of services for
managing risk with more than 10,000 employees in over 100 countries.
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Overview of biomass conversion techniques
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Co firing: two available techniques
4
Gasifier
Coal
Mills
1
Pretreatment
Burners
2
3
Mills
Biomass
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Co-milling of biomass with coal
Separate milling  coal burners
Separate milling  dedicated biomass burners
Biomass gasification,
 syngas combusted in furnace boiler
Boiler
Co firing, a policy driven business challenge
Policy
Lowering of CO2 – emissions from fossil power stations
(Kyoto – 6% reduction compared to 1990 level)
Renewable energy targets – 9% in 2010; 14% in 2020
Dutch policy
incentives
Coal covenant with the Dutch government
Stimulation by the authorities with feed in tariff (MEP)
Competiveness
Compared to other renewable energy sources Co-firing has
the lowest investment cost per kWe installed and a very
efficient conversion to electricity
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20 years of experience with co-firing in the Netherlands
1993
First trials
KEMA test boiler, 1 MWth coal-fired with 5 and 10 wt % cofiring of demolition wood, sewage sludge and pet cokes
1995-2000
Building experience
full scale power plants 3 -5 -10 wt % co-firing with a variety
of (opportunity) fuels, i.e. biomass pellets, cacao shells,
coffee grounds, RDF, bone meal etc.
2001
Exploring the limits
coal covenant creates new incentive to increase co-firing
beyond 10 wt%, need for ash quality validation
2001-2007
Maximization
10 up to 35 wt % co-firing, with a wide range of fuels: wood
pellets, palm kernel expeller, RDF, olive residues, wheat
husk pellets, soya hulls etc.
2007 – now
Improving key
issues
Dedicated co-firing installations
Milling and unit capacity
Boiler integrity & monitoring: corrosion, fouling, slagging
Environmental aspects: by-product quality, effect on flue gas
treatment
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Current situation of co-firing in the Netherlands
 Dutch coal fired power plants: 7 units, range of
400 to 630 MWe, 4000 MWe in total
WEST
FRISIAN
ISLANDS
 Co firing a 5 locations with average of 10% (e/e)
approximately 400 MWe eq.
GRONINGEN
Leeuwarden
FRIESLAND
Assen
DRENTHE
 Three supercritical coal-coal fired power plants
under construction: total power of 3400 MWe
Capability of 10 to 60 % (e/e) biomass co-firing
NOORDHOLAND
Lelystad
Zwolle
FLEVOLAND
OVERIJSSEL
Amsterdam
 Experience in the Netherlands in more than 50 full
scale trials co-firing up to 40 wt% of a wide variety
of biomass and (waste) fuels with coal
The Hague
Utrecht
UTRECHT
GELERLAND
Arnhem
ZUID-HOLLAND
ROTTERDAM
s-Hertogenbosch
 Various direct and indirect co-firing routes
currently in reliable, full-scale operation
 Broad operational experience in co-firing
with a wide variety of secondary fuels
available
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Groningen
FEDERAL
REPUBLIC
OF
GERMANY
NOORD-BRABANT
Middelburg
ZEELAND
LIMBURG
BELGIUM
Brussels
Maaskicht
Bonn
Torrefaction, the production of biocoal
 Torrefaction is essentially a biomass cracking
technique. It's an additional pre-treatment step
that heats the biomass to 260 – 320 ºC for up to
one hour in an atmosphere of no or low oxygen
content.
 The fibrous structure of the biomass is partially
broken down. The weakened fibre structure
improves the milling properties of the biomass
 The calorific value of the biomass increases
typically from 12 – 16 MJ/kg to 18-22 MJ/kg, due
to the loss of volatiles and moisture
 The product has lost its ability to absorb moisture.
 The features of torrefied biomass enable co-firing
rates of more than 50% of generating output, while
keeping the investments needed to co-fire
biomass to a minimum.
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Market drivers of torrefaction
Financial
incentives
Renewable energy production subsidies, CO2 credit cost,
cost savings at the power plant, cost-effective method to cofire biomass, lower transport cost
Technical
incentives
Higher co-firing percentage possible, no dedicated biomass
equipment needed, entrained flow gasification
Environmental
incentives
CO2 emissions, renewable energy targets, making waste
streams (agricultural residues) available for energy
production, sustainability criteria in Europe
Strategic
incentives
Security of supply, cost-effective method to comply with
energy policy, life-time extension of aging assets
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Added value of torrefaction
Higher co-firing-%
percentages
Torrefied product can be directly milled and co-fired with the
coal. Product is dry (< 5% moisture) and has a calorific value
of 20 – 22 MJ/kg
Cost savings at
the power plant
Smaller mass flow and pelletized also smaller volume flow of
biomass, reducing dimensions of equipment. Less biomass
equipment (silo’s, dedicated feeding system, biomass mills
and burners) needed compared to white biomass
Cost savings long
distance transport
Volumetric energy density of torrefaction pellets is 18 GJ/m3
compared to 10 GJ/m3 for white pellets. This implies
significant transport cost savings
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Torrefaction outlook
 Increasing demand for larger volumes of affordable, reliable and
sustainable co-firing fuel, that can meet EU sustainability criteria.
 App. 40 torrefaction demo plants in Europe and US, have to prove
they are able to continuously produce large volumes of high quality
torrefied product (specifications of off-takers)
 As a next step multiple commercial sized (100 kton/yr) torrefaction
plants will be erected for supply to Europe, especially in regions
where biomass is widely available
- Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia
- Brazil, Africa, Canada, US
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DNV KEMA, your partner in biomass
Torrefaction
opportunities



Torrefaction strategy: buy

Support business strategy
technology or product

Torrefaction technology benchmark
Investment decisions, business

Evaluation of initiatives and projects
case

Techno-economic feasibility study
Selection of torrefaction

Evaluation of business case
technology that best fits clients

Contractor survey, coordination of
business
Cooperation
tendering, owner’s representative

Selection of torrefaction supplier

Selection of EPC contractor

Process validation

Small scale combustion tests

Product validation

Coordination of co-firing trials

Biomass certification

Sustainability of total value chain

Product standardization
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DNV KEMA services

Pilot plant testing, factory
acceptance test
Contact:
ir. Hans Wassenaar
[email protected]
+31 26 356 2509
or visit www.dnvkema.com