Transcript CHILDREN IN CHAOS The Impact of Substance Abuse and
CHILDREN IN CHAOS
Identifying and Assisting Young Children Living in Substance-Abusing Families
David Love, MFT Valley Community Counseling Services Stockton, CA [email protected]
CHILDRENS’ POTENTIAL
• Any newborn is prepared to learn all the languages on the planet.
• They are prepared to be composers, artists, scientists, . . .
• They can learn sign language 8-12 mos. before they can speak.
Making the Connection: Children in Chaos
PRIMARY TRAUMA IN CHILDREN*
Each year 5 million children in U.S. experience an extreme traumatic event
40% will develop some form of chronic neuro-psychiatric problem
Most problems classified as anxiety disorders with post-traumatic stress disorder being most common
Trauma event will impair emotional, academic and/or social functioning
*B.D. Perry(1999)
CHILD MALTREATMENT IS LEADING CAUSE OF TRAUMA-RELATED DEATH FOR CHILDREN UNDER FIVE*
• Two-thirds occur at hands of parents under the influence of drugs or alcohol • 51% victims of abuse • 44% victims of neglect • 5% multiple forms * CASA
CHILDREN OF SUBSTANCE- ABUSING PARENTS*
• 2.7 times more likely to be physically or sexually abused • 4.2 times more likely to be neglected • Children also significantly more likely to be abused by others *CASA
PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO STIMULANT DRUGS VS HOME ENVIRONMENTS*
• Cognitive Problems-Related strongly to chaotic home environment • Behavioral Problems-Related to prenatal exposure to stimulant drugs *Ira J. Chasnoff, M.D.
The Impact of Family Chaos on Brain Development in Children
Impact of Stress on Brain Development NORMAL TRAUMA 2:1 ratio Cortical Modulation Ratio ~1:1 ratio
Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
Vincent J. Fellitti, MD The largest study of its kind ever done to examine the health and social effects of adverse childhood experiences (n=17,000 adults; RR=70.5%)
Death Disease & Social Problems Adoption of Health-Risk Behavior Social, Emotional & Cognitive Impairment Disruption of Neurodevelopment Adverse Childhood Experiences
POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK
(Per cent attributable to ACE)
Alcoholism – 65% Drug Abuse – 50% IV Drug Abuse – 78% Current Depression – 54% Chronic Depression – 41% Sexual Assault – 62% Domestic Violence – 52%
THE ORIGINS OF ADDICTION Vincent Felitte, MD Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program
“The major factor underlying addiction is adverse childhood experiences that have not healed with time and that are overwhelmingly concealed from awareness by shame, secrecy and social taboo.”
UNDERSTANDING TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN
The Pathway of Fear in the Brain Amygdala
Brain’s rapid response system to fear that sends the body into high alert
Pathway of Fear in the Brain
Hippocampus
• Processing and storing information • Evaluate threats by putting them into context of previous experiences
Thinking Through Fear
FRONTAL CORTEX
•
Reins in the amygdala and calms the body if the threat is determined to be insignificant
UW Extension, 2006
SYMPTOMS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA Attachment Problems Alcohol and Drug Abuse Depression Violent Behavior Suicidal Behavior Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Behavioral Problems
CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Complex Trauma
ADD-ADHD
Dissociative Disorders
Conduct Disorders
Implications for Learning
Traumatized children often spend so much time in the lower level brain in a state of persisting fear that they consistently focus on non-verbal vs. verbal cues
May be very intelligent but can’t learn easily
must do verbal learning when calm
Learning needs to be more experience-based
when traumatized children are stressed they are reactive/ reflexive vs. accessing cognitive solutions
“Too Scared to Learn…”
Children who do not feel safe live in a state of emergency. Their energy is consumed by crises, making it impossible for them to focus on learning to read.
-“Too Scared to Learn” by Jenny Horsman, 2000
INTERVENTION TREATMENT
Specialized Programs
Pre-school K-3 K-6 Clinic-based
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Parent Stress Index (PSI)
Addiction Severity Index (ASI)
Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) (TSCYC)
SUPPORTING TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN-Interventions
Parenting Skills for Caretakers of Traumatized Children Socialization Skills for Children
PARENT EDUCATION
Must understand the developmental needs of their children Must recognize the damage the environment is doing to their children Must learn how to provide a safe environment for their children and make the changes to accomplish the goal
SOCIALIZATION SKILLS FOR CHILDREN
Must gain age appropriate developmental skills Must be able to function in social environments Must gain balance between chronological, emotional and cognitive development.
SUPPORTING TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN-Treatment
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Trauma-Focused Play Therapy
COMMUNITY RESOUCES-
Prevention, Intervention & Treatment
California Victims of Crime Program CHAT Centers Human Service Agency Mental Health First 5
WEBSITES
www.zerotothree.com
(zero to three www.musc.edu/cvc (Child Abuse Tx Manual) www.childtrauma.org
(Child Trauma Academy) www.apsac.org
(American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children) www.calib.com/nccanh/ (National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information) www.casacolumbia.org (Columbia University) www.johnbriere.com