Transcript Diabetes_POWERPOINT - Charlotte

Diabetes Info
Fast and Furious Facts …
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23 million have diabetes in the US
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5-10%Type 1
 1 in every 400 kids have Type I diabetes
 Type II diabetes is significantly rising in children
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CMS has about 400 children with Type1
(unknown how many with Type11)
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Diabetes is the 5th leading cause of death
Three types of diabetes
1.
Type I (Insulin Dependent)
2.
Type II (Diet Controlled)
3.
Gestational (Pregnancy Onset)
What Is Diabetes?
A disorder of the pancreas
-The pancreas stops
making insulin, an essential
hormone in the body.
Insulin is the key that allows
glucose to enter the cells.
Glucose is used by every cell
in the body for energy
Diabetes occurs when either:

The body produces no keys (no
insulin production)
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Or, the body produces defective keys
that will not open, the cell door locks.
(Type 2 Diabetes-Insulin Resistance)
( Type 1 Diabetes)
 Is
NOT contagious
NOT caused by
eating too much
sugar
caused by the
body’s inability to
make insulin
 Results in high
blood sugar levels
 Can be treated only
with a combination
of insulin, diet and
exercise
Type 1 Diabetes
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Auto-immune component
Cannot be prevented
Defect in carbohydrate metabolism
 Pancreas unable to make insulin
 Need insulin injections
Type 2 Diabetes


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Accounts for more than 90% of the
diabetes population in the world!
Cells become resistant to
insulin
Usually because of insulin
deficiency
Can usually control with diet & exercise
80% of Type 2 cases are preventable
Blood Sugar Monitoring
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Tips for assisting a child with blood
sugar monitoring:
Make sure the hands are warm, clean
& dry
 Wear gloves (Universal Precautions)
 Set up meter with the test strip
(most meters turn on when you place
the strip in)
 Make sure the meter is coded for the
test strip used
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Treatment Options: Type 1
Currently most students are
taking insulin by:
syringe
insulin pen device
INSULIN PUMP
Insulin pump is a machine
that uses a small catheter
under the skin to deliver
insulin. (The pump is about
the size of a pager)
Carbohydrate Counting
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Carbohydrate is found in the
food we eat.
When digested, carbohydrates breakdown into sugar.
Examples of carbohydrate include breads, rice, cereal, potatoes,
cake, fruit and many others!
HIGH
Hyperglycemia
(High Blood Sugar Is NOT A Medical Emergency)

May occur if student:
 Is
becoming ill (even a cold)
 Eats too much
 Misses insulin dose
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 Is
Or not enough insulin on board
under a lot of stress
(exams, emotional, etc)
 Certain medications
 Can result in ketoacidosis
HIGH
Treatment of
Hyperglycemia
Test blood sugar
 Check Health Care
Plan.
 Notify parents if
over 250mg/dL
 Drink water
 Insulin

LOW
Hypoglycemia
(Low Blood Sugar)
 Most
likely to occur:
 When
meals or snacks are missed or
delayed
 An insulin dose that is too high
 Extra exercise or activity
 When strenuous activity occurs just
before lunch
 During a lengthy field trip or field
day activity. (Remember to have a
snack when going out for fire drills)
LOW SYMPTOMS OF LOW BLOOD SUGAR

Weakness or tiredness
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Shaking
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Headache
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Anxious, Pale
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Personality Changes
LOW
Treatment of
Hypoglycemia
Conscious and able to swallow:
1.
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Glucose tablets--start with 2-4
4 oz. Juice (apple or OJ)
Wheat Crackers & cheese or Ritz Crackers (with
Cheese)
Milk
Regular soda (not diet) is an option though just like a
candy bar it will spike up the BS quickly, but not last
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Symptoms should improve within 10-15
minutes. If not, repeat.
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If longer than 1 hour until next meal or
snack, give small snack containing protein
(cheese crackers or milk)
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IF NO METER IS AVAILABLE & THE
STUDENT FEELS SICK, GO AHEAD &
TREAT AS IF STUDENT IS LOW
LOW
Treatment of Hypoglycemia
Conscious, but uncooperative, or
disoriented
2.
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Give glucose gel, tube of clear frosting or
packet of honey
Lay student on side and squeeze into pocket
of the cheek (just like Skol !)
LOW
Treatment of
Hypoglycemia
Unconscious or having a seizure
Not enough sugar is getting to brain!
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Call 911 immediately
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Give Glucagon if ordered
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Give nothing by mouth
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Notify parents
3.
Hints for Success
 Develop good relationship with
parents/guardians; they know your student’s
health concerns well.
 Follow accommodations as listed in the health
care plan &/or 504/IEP.
 Notify family early of field trip plans.
 Notify family of special events that may involve
classroom treats or changes in the school lunch
schedule.
 Don’t hesitate to ask questions about care.
...Please Remember
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Never allow student to walk
alone when feeling low (to go
check blood sugar)
Allow free bathroom privileges
Allow water bottle or access to fluids
Allow snacks when feeling low &/or
certain snack break
Encourage BS testing prior to big
exams (EOGs) or allow to re-test if it
is felt BS affected the results