Transcript Slide 1

Location: Brain – at the bottom of the third
ventricle
Tissue Type: Neural
Hormone:
- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
(GnRH)
- Oxytocin
Target Organ/Structure(s): Pituitary Glands
Two Parts:
- Anterior
- Posterior
Location: Base of the brain; above the roof
of the mouth
Tissue Type: Oral Ectoderm
Hormone(s):
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Target Organ/Structure(s): Ovary
Location: Base of brain, under the
hypothalamus, behind the anterior
pituitary
Tissue Type: Neural
Hormone(s):
- Oxytocin (released from PP)
Target Organ/Structure(s):
- Mammary Gland (myoendothelial
cell)
- Myometrium
Location: Lower abdomen
Tissue Type: Glandular/Gonadal
Hormone(s):
- Estrogen
Endocrine Structure: Follicle
Target Organ/Structure(s): Hypothalamus
Function: Increase GnRH
- Progesterone
Endocrine Structure: Corpus Luteum
Target Organ/Structure(s): Hypothalamus
Function: Decrease GnRH
Hormone:
- Prostaglandin F2α
Target Organ/Structure: Ovary, specifically
the corpus luteum
Function: Lyses it, to restart cycle when no
maternal recognition of pregnancy
(MRP) occurs (no fertilized ova in uterus)
What are the two cycle types ?:
1) Menstrual
2) Estrus
Why two different names?
Menstrual = is calculated from menses to
menses, ovulation occurs in the middle
of the cycle. (it is what we can see!;
humans, primates, etc.)
Estrus = is calculated from standing heat to
standing heat, ovulation occurs 36 hours
later (it is what we can see!; domestic
animals)
HYPOTHALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
LH
FSH
OVARY
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
LH
FSH
OVARY
FOLLICLE
HYPOTHALAMUS
ESTROGEN
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
LH
FSH
OVARY
FOLLICLE
MORE!! + +
ESTROGEN
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
LH
FSH
OVARY
FOLLICLE
MORE!! + +
ESTROGEN
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
LH
FSH
OVARY
FOLLICLE
MORE!! + +
ESTROGEN
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
OVARY
FOLLICLE
LH
MORE!! + +
HYPOTHALAMUS
(Surge Release)
ESTROGEN
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
OVARY
FOLLICLE
LH
HYPOTHALAMUS
(Surge Release)
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
OVARY
OVA
Down
Oviduct
OVULATION
LH
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
OVARY
CORPUS LUTEUM
LH
HYPOTHALAMUS
PROGESTERONE
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
OVARY
CORPUS LUTEUM
LH
LESS!! - -
PROGESTERONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
OVARY
CORPUS LUTEUM
LH
LESS!! - -
PROGESTERONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
UTERUS
OVARY
MRP
CORPUS LUTEUM
LESS!! - -
PROGESTERONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
UTERUS
OVARY
MRP
CORPUS LUTEUM
LESS!! - -
PROGESTERONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
UTERUS
OVARY
CORPUS LUTEUM
NO!!!!
MRP
LESS!! - -
PROGESTERONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
UTERUS
OVARY
NO!!!!
MRP
CORPUS LUTEUM
PROSTAGLANDIN F2α
LESS!! - -
PROGESTERONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
UTERUS
OVARY
NO!!!!
MRP
CORPUS LUTEUM
PROSTAGLANDIN F2α
MORE!! + +
ESTROGEN
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
LH
FSH
OVARY
FOLLICLE
Concentration of hormones
19
21
4
8
12
Day of the Estrous Cycle
16
18
21
Concentration of hormones
ESTROGEN
19
21
4
8
12
Day of the Estrous Cycle
16
18
21
Concentration of hormones
ESTROGEN
19
21
4
8
12
Day of the Estrous Cycle
16
18
21
ESTROGEN
Concentration of hormones
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
19
21
4
8
12
Day of the Estrous Cycle
16
18
21
ESTROGEN
Concentration of hormones
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
19
21
4
8
12
Day of the Estrous Cycle
16
18
21
ESTROGEN
PROGESTERONE
Concentration of hormones
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
19
21
4
8
12
Day of the Estrous Cycle
16
18
21
Location: Brain – at the bottom of the third
ventricle
Tissue Type: Neural
Hormone:
- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
(GnRH)
- Oxytocin
Target Organ/Structure(s): Pituitary Glands
Two Parts:
- Anterior
- Posterior
Location: Base of the brain; above the roof
of the mouth
Tissue Type: Oral Ectoderm
Hormone(s):
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Target Organ/Structure(s): Ovary
Location: Base of brain, under the
hypothalamus, behind the anterior
pituitary
Tissue Type: Neural
Hormone(s):
- Oxytocin (released from PP)
Target Organ/Structure(s):
- Sperm Transport
Location: Scrotum/abdomen - varies
Tissue Type: Glandular/Gonadal
Hormone(s):
- Estrogen
Endocrine Structure: Sertoli Cell
Target Organ/Structure(s): Hypothalamus
Function: Increase GnRH
- Testosterone
Endocrine Structure: Leydig cell
Target Organ/Structure(s): Sertoli Cell
Function: Secrete nutrients for sperm
HYPOTHALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
HYPOTHALAMUS
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
Basement Membrane
Sertoli Cells
Leydig Cells
Sperm
HYPOTHALAMUS
ESTROGEN
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
Basement Membrane
Sertoli Cells
Leydig Cells
Sperm
HYPOTHALAMUS
MORE!! + +
ESTROGEN
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FSH
LH
Basement Membrane
Sertoli Cells
Leydig Cells
Sperm
LH
Test
Nutrients
Testosterone
Estrogen
FSH
Into
Blood
The ULTIMATE nuclear weapon.
 Produced: Testes
 Stored: Caudal Epididymis
 Accessory Glands:

Function: Provide nutrients for the
sperm
 Anatomy:
Cholesterol
- Pregnenolone
- Progesterone
- 17α OH Progesterone
- Testosterone
Estrogen

SPECIE

Human
Cow
Sheep
Pig
Goat
Horse





CYCLE LENGTH
28 days
21
17
21
21
22
GESTATION
9 mo.
285 days
147
114
150
336
1) Facilitate A.I.
2) Intensify A.I
3) Efficient use of labor
4) Heat detection efficiency
5) Earlier pregnancy
6) Shorter breeding period
7) Sell uniform calves
8) E.T. program
- Prostaglandin
- Progesterone
- GnRH
MGA = Melengesterol Acetate (progesterone) added to feed
Controlled Internal Drug-Releasing insert
Gonadotropin releasing hormone – causes ovulation via LH surge
Primary: Standing to be mounted
Secondary:
Aids:
Primary: Standing to be mounted
Secondary: Mounting other cows; red
vulva; Mucous discharge; restless, excitable,
bawling
Aids: Kamar, Tail paint; Chin Marker, Heat
watch

Storage
› Semen Tank (-320 F)
› Extenders, Milk or Yolk, and Glycerol
(cryopreservent)
› 6 ml semen in ejaculate
› 1.5 billion sperm/ml
› Want 18-20 million sperm/straw

Thaw
› 93-95 F in water
› 30 – 40 seconds
› Dry off straw
› Put in gun
› Sheath
› Cover, put in pants

Deposition
› Insert A.I. gun at 45 degree angle
 Be cautious of urethra and bladder
› Feed gun through cervix
› 5 second deposition
Donor = Eggs
 Recipient = Gestation
 Superovulation:

› Hormone: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
› Atresia versus recruitment

Recipient – Synchronization
› Within 24 hours of donor

Flushing
› Saline Solution

Implanting
› A.I. Gun