Transcript Suicide Bombers

Campus Violence Prevention and Response:
Best Practices for Massachusetts Higher Education
Prepared by
Applied Risk Management
Introduction
Applied Risk Management
Department of Higher Education, Campus
Safety and Violence Prevention Task Force
Consulting Team:
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Security Experts from ARM
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Criminologists / Academics
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Law Enforcement / Violence Prevention
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Process
What information did we use?
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National and local crime statistics
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National and local best practices
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Surveys
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Dr. Fox’s & other research
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Practice/train for emergency plans
Educate and train students, faculty,
and staff about mass notification
system, and their roles and
responsibilities in an emergency
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IACLEA
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NJ
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NSU
NC
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PA
Rep. Pres.
U of CA
U of NC
VA Tech Panel
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WI
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VA Work Grp
COPS
Recommendations
Create an all-hazards Emergency
Response Plan
Adopt an emergency mass
notification and communications
system
Establish multidisciplinary team to
respond to crises (e.g., Threat
Assessment Team)
Review and train personnel regarding
privacy/info sharing policies such as
FERPA and HIPAA
Have a MOU with local health
agencies and other key partners in
the community
AG's
20 Reports
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70%
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Nature and Scope of the Problem
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Nature and Scope of the Problem
Violent Crime – criminal homicide, sexual
offenses and aggravated assault
Campus environment – free and open
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Nature and Scope of the Problem
Serious Violence is remarkably low
Tragedy of VA Tech has fixed our gaze
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Severe and long-lasting consequences
Contagion
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National and Local Best Practices
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National Best Practices
20 previous reports
ERP – plans and exercises
Mass Notification – systems and training
Threat Assessment Teams
FERPA and HIPAA
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National Best Practices
20 previous reports
MOU with local agencies
Train community to recognize threats
Conduct risk assessments
Interoperable communications
NIMS Training
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MA Public Colleges & Universities
5 Campus Visits
Free training from State Police and FBI
Comprehensive Mass Notification
Detailed Risk Assessment
Advanced equipment
Threat Assessment Teams
Extensive CCTV deployment
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Existing Conditions:
133 Question Survey
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The Nature of the Problem
90% of schools surveyed reported an
increase of students with severe
psychiatric problems in recent years
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The Good
100% of schools have ERP
100% of schools have a mass notification
system
83% have on-campus mental health
services
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Not so good
65% have Threat Assessment Teams
52% have conducted active shooter training
54% do not have CCTV
50% non-interoperable communications
equipment
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Bad
88% have not conducted vulnerability assessments
81% of schools do not submit violent writings to
experts for review
70% do not train faculty, staff and students on how to
recognize signs of risk and violence
66% of campuses do not have armed police
65% do not have trained trauma response teams
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Recommendations
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Recommendations
27 Recommendations
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National best practices
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Research
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ARM Survey
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Recommendations
Self-Evident
Controversial
• Exterior door locks
• Expensive
• Functioning exterior
doors at dorms
• Difficult
• Debatable
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Improving the Quality of
Communications:
The Campus Community as Your
Eyes and Ears
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Prevention
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Reaction
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Recommendations to improve
communications between faculty /
staff and TAT / campus police
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Recommendation 15
Faculty and staff should receive training in
identifying students at risk
GOAL: increase the probability that a
possibly violent individual will receive help
& avert any violence
Issues:
Efficacy
Making judgments
Liability issues
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Recommendation 3
Writings, drawings, and other forms of
individual expression reflecting violent
fantasy and causing a faculty member to
be fearful or concerned about safety,
should be evaluated contextually for any
potential threat.
Higher education must permit, even encourage, free
and individual expression
Must be mechanisms in place to get help when
concerns arise
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Example: Seung-Hui Cho
Lucinda Roy: "I've been teaching for 22 years, and
there've only been a couple of times when I
thought that this is a really, really worrying thing.
And this was one of them."
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Recommendation 17
Faculty and staff should be informed
about the appropriate protocol in the
event of a crisis
• Help or get out of the way?
• Faculty/staff responsibility?
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Recommendations to improve
communications between students
and administration
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Recommendation 1
Campus mental health services should be
clearly available and easily accessible to
students
Many violent individuals do not seek out help
Real goal is to make it SO EASILY ACCESSIBLE
that we encourage help-seeking behaviors
among troubled individuals
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Recommendation 19
Graduate student applicants should be
directly queried regarding any unusual
academic histories, as well as criminal
records and disciplinary actions
Shooter, Age
Role at School
Gang Lu, 28
Graduate student
Lo, 18
Undergraduate student
Wendell Williamson, 26
Former law student
Frederick Davidson, 36
Graduate student
Jan Chen, 42
Medical student
James Kelly, 36
Former graduate student
Donald Cowan, 55
None
Peter Odighizuwa, 42
Former law student
Robert Flores, 40
Graduate student
Douglas Pennington, 49
Parent of students
Seung-Hui Cho, 23
Undergraduate student
Williams, 23
Undergraduate student
Steven Kazmierczak, 27
Former graduate student
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Assessments
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Recommendation 20
Schools should conduct vulnerability
assessments and update the assessment
annually
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Recommendation 24 & 25
Every school should institute, train and
maintain a threat assessment team
The TAT should consist of representatives
from various departments and agencies
including student services, counseling,
faculty, police, HR and legal.
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Recommendation 6
Schools should install CCTV Cameras at
strategic locations throughout their campuses
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Response
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Recommendation 8
Campus police should have up-to-date active
shooter response plans in place and train their
officers in active shooter tactics
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Recommendation 10
Campus police should be armed and trained
in the use of personal and specialized
firearms including shotguns and assault rifles
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Conclusions
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Conclusions: Considerations
• Serious violence on campus is rare but
consequences are devastating
• Security entails costs – fiscal and otherwise
– that must be considered and weighed
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Conclusions: Prevention
Information sharing is the best prevention, but it
is not enough by itself
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Conclusions: Response & Recovery
• Campus police must have appropriate
tools to respond to the rare but serious
events that can occur today
• Campuses should prepare prevention,
response and recovery plans
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Final Conclusions
• Universities present unique challenges:
security versus free thought
• Recommendations are designed to
balance both needs
• Recommendations address both serious
violence and more prevalent issues
• The new reality: education and law
enforcement must collaborate
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Questions
90 Maple Street
Suite 3B
Stoneham, MA 02180
888 365-8888
www.arm-security.com
Copies of the report are now available in the lobby
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