Transcript Renewable Energy Technologies
Renewable Energy Technologies
Wind Energy Small Hydro Solar Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating Passive Solar Heating Solar Air Heating Biomass Ground-Source Heat Pumps Emerging technologies
Natural Resources Canada Ressources naturelles Canada CANMET- EDRL
Wind Energy
Wind Rotor Blade Nacelle with Gearbox and Generator Wind Hub Height Tower Worldwide installed capacity: 10,000 MW Canadian: 126 MW (25,200 homes) Remote communities: 630 kW (210 homes)
Wind Energy
Needs: Good winds Coastal areas, hilltops, E-W valleys Minimum average windspeed : 4.5 m/s at 10 metres 3 types of wind energy systems: central grid isolated grid off-grid 750 kW machine
Wind Energy
Capital cost: $1,000 - 4,000/kW Cost of energy: $ 0.05 to 0.20/kWh Economy of scale Payback: 5 - 15 years 2 X 80 kW turbines Kugluktuk, NWT
Wind Energy
Operational considerations Technology proven Low operation and maintenance costs Trained operator needed Repairs require special expertise Other considerations
Small Hydro
Small Hydro
3 configurations: dam run of river diversion Small hydro plant installed in rural Quebec
Small Hydro
1,500 MW existing/1,500 MW potential in Canada Power output depends on the available water (flow) and the head (drop in elevation) Capital cost: $ 1,500 - 7,000 / kW Cost of energy: $ 0.05 to 0.20 / kWh Maintenance: $ 0.015 / kWh Payback: 10 to 40 years
Small Hydro
Operational considerations Proven technology in wide use Stand alone system Low maintenance costs Environmental fish and flooding Ownership/shared use Utility regulations
Photovoltaics (PV)
Direct conversion of sunlight electricity
Photovoltaics (PV)
Worldwide installed capacity: about 800 MWp Canadian installed capacity: 4.5 MWp Wherever sun shines Off-grid, remote, north More energy at lower temperatures Stand-alone with battery storage Nunavut Arctic College Iqaluit, Nunavut PV Power 3.5 kWp
Photovoltaics (PV)
Capital cost: $ 5,000 - 20,000 / kW Cost of energy: $ 0.37 to 4.50 / kWh No economy of scale Payback: 0 to 70 years Tanquary Fiord (81° N), Ellesmere Island, Nunavut
Photovoltaics (PV)
Operational considerations Technology proven Many applications cottages remote camps communications navigation signals water pumping Low operation and maintenance costs Repairs may require special expertise
Passive Solar Heating
Building elements are used to collect, store and distribute solar heat internally.
Passive Solar Heating
Supplying energy in the heating season Solar gains available through south facing windows Best to use high efficiency windows Store heat within building structure Can reduce heating cost to less than half Payback: 0 to 10 years
Passive Solar Heating
Waterloo Green Home, Waterloo, Ontario
Passive Solar Heating
Operational considerations Technology proven Viable at any latitude For new construction - no cost increase For retrofit - low cost No additional operation and maintenance costs
Solar Water Heating
Solar radiation is captured by a solar collector. A circulating fluid transfers this energy to a storage tank. Heat is transferred from storage tank to hot water tank.
Solar Water Heating
Wherever the sun shines 13,000 active solar domestic hot water systems in Canada 300 commercial & industrial systems in Canada Building Application
Solar Water Heating
30,000,000 m² of collectors worldwide Costs : $ 3,000 - 6,000 installed for a typical Canadian house hot water system Payback: 5 to 12 years Solar Water Heating for Salmon Hatchery
Collector
Fanny Bay, Vancouver Island, B.C.
Solar Water Heating
Operational considerations Technology proven Viable at any latitude New and retrofit applications Operation and maintenance costs - medium level Repair by qualified plumber Freeze protection required
Solar Air Heating
Cold air is heated as it passes through small holes in the metal absorber plate. A fan circulates this heated air through the building.
Solar Air Heating
Reduces building heat loss during the winter Good indoor air quality 150 m² on Recreation Center, Fort Smith, NWT
Solar Air Heating
Energy savings $ 10 - 60/m² of collector (during heating season) Payback: 1 to 10 years Bombardier plant, St-Laurent, Quebec
Solar Air Heating
Operational considerations Technology proven Need south facing wall area 15 m² Current applications - institutional, commercial and industrial buildings Particulary suitable for new construction Low operation and maintenance costs No specialist required depending on system
Biomass
Traditional fuel 1.5 million houses in Canada 6% of Canada energy’s supply Biomass fuel types wood, agricultural, municipal wastes and sewage Common applications space heating electricity generation industrial process heating Resource management
Biomass
Residential wood heating Equipment selection Installation Operation Safety
Biomass
Larger systems Building/district heating Electricity generation Fuel types Typical cost: 160 kW = $80,000 $1.85 to 2.90/MBtu Typical paybacks: 2-12 years Operator qualifications and safety Small-commercial biomass heating system Prince Edward Island
Ground-Source Heat Pumps
Large potential in Canada Capital cost $ 900 /kW Cost of energy : $ 0.03 to 0.075 /kWh
Ground-Source Heat Pumps
30,000 Ground-Source heat pumps in residences in Canada Earth backfilled trench Reverse return header (to balance pressure losses) 3,000+ units in industrial and commercial buildings Supply header Grout (and earth backfill when permitted) Borehole Ground loop pipe U-bend
Ground-Source Heat Pumps
Residential ground-source heat pump installation
Ground-Source Heat Pumps
Operational considerations Technology proven New / retrofit applications High front end cost Operational and maintenance costs - low level
Emerging technologies
Solar thermal power Ocean thermal power Tidal power Ocean current power Wave power
Conclusion
Focus has been on applications with immediate potential that offer practical benefits to users But there are specific considerations Lots of success stories Lots of information, help and resources available
Testimonials
“Our traditional Cree values and practices emphasize conservation and respect for the environment”.
“Our housing here in Ouje-Bougoumou is R-2000 plus”.
“The district heating system is making it possible for our housing program to be self-sufficient”.
Chief Abel Bosum, Ouje-bougoumou
Where next
Expertise Preliminary feasibility studies (RETScreen) Financing More information
RETScreen
Renewable Energy Project Analysis Software
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (easy-to-use & low cost) User manual & supporting databases Decision-support & capacity-building tool Available free-of-charge (French & English)
RETScreen Software:
Integrated & Standardised Tool
Energy Model Worksheet Cost Analysis Worksheet Solar Resource, Heating Load, Hydrology, etc.
Sub-Worksheet Product database Weather databases Online manual Sensitivity Analysis Financial Summary Worksheet
Benefits of RETScreen
Significantly reduces assessment costs and time - at least 1 order of magnitude!
Allows quick identification and/or verification of EE/RET project implementation opportunities leading to a reduction in GHG emissions and energy costs Helps overcome major barrier by increasing consideration of EE/RETs by planners and decision-makers -- EE/RET projects may not be considered otherwise!
Common Platform For Assessing Potential Projects
How do I get RETScreen?
www.retscreen.net
Information sources
CANMET Energy Diversification Research Laboratory (CEDRL) 1-450-652-4621 Email: [email protected]
Web Site: http://retscreen.gc.ca
Provincial and Territorial Energy Offices
Natural Resources Canada Ressources naturelles Canada CANMET- EDRL
Information sources
Natural Resources Canada through the: Energy Technology Branch Email: [email protected]
Web site: www.nrcan.gc.ca/es/etb Renewable and Electrical Energy Division Web Site: www.nrcan.gc.ca/erb/reed Office of Energy Efficiency Tel.: 1-800-387-2000 Email: [email protected]
Web Site: http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca
Information sources
Trade Associations: SESCI Email: [email protected]
Web Site: newenergy.org/newenergy/sesci.html
CANSIA Email: [email protected]
Web Site: newenergy.org/newenergy/cansia.html
CANWEA Email: [email protected]
Web Site: www.canwea.ca