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Closing the Expectation Gap 2009 Fourth Annual 50-State Progress Report on the Alignment of High School Policies with the Demands of College and Careers “For too many graduates, the American high school diploma signifies only a broken promise.” The American Diploma Project (ADP) report Ready or Not: Creating a High School Diploma That Counts (2004) called attention to the critical gap between the expectations for high school graduation and those of postsecondary institutions and employers. At the National Education Summit on High Schools in 2005, Achieve launched the American Diploma Project Network of 13 states working toward the common goal of closing the expectations gap. ADP Network states have committed to four policy actions to better prepare students for college, the workplace and citizenship. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 2 American Diploma Project Network Agenda Align high school standards with the demands of college and careers. Require students to take a college- and career-ready curriculum to earn a high school diploma. Build college-and career-ready measures into statewide high school assessment systems. Develop reporting and accountability systems that promote college and career readiness. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 3 Four years later, the ADP Network includes 34 states educating nearly 85 percent of the nation’s students. VT WA ND MT OR MI PA IA NE UT NY WI WY NV CO NH MA MN SD ID ME IL KS IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO CA OH RI CT MD DC NC TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 4 I. Align High School Standards with the Expectations of College and the Workplace Since 2004, nearly half the states have revised their high school academic standards in English and/or mathematics to align them with the demands of postsecondary education and careers. This year, four new states report having adopted college- and careerready standards in English and/or mathematics, bringing the total number of states with aligned standards to 23. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 5 23 states have aligned standards VT WA* ND MT OR MI PA IA NE UT NY WI WY NV CO NH MA MN* SD ID ME IL KS IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO CA OH RI CT MD DC NC TN AZ* OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI Aligned verified Aligned verified standards formally by Achieve standards not by Achieve *Only math standards aligned Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 6 21 states and DC are in the process of aligning their standards (or have plans to do so) VT WA ND MT OR MI PA IA NE UT NY WI WY NV CO NH MA MN SD ID ME IL KS IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO CA OH RI CT MD DC NC TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI In process, anticipate adoption in 2009 In process, anticipate adoption after 2009 Planning to align standards Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 7 II. Require students to take a college- and career-ready curriculum to earn a high school diploma. At the time of the National Education Summit in early 2005, only Texas and Arkansas had set their graduation course requirements at a level that would ensure that all graduates are prepared for success in college and the workplace. Today, 20 states and the District of Columbia require all students to complete a college- and career-ready curriculum, including two states that adopted new requirements in the past year. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 8 20 states and DC require a college- and career-ready diploma VT WA ND MT OR MI PA IA NE UT NY WI WY NV CO NH MA MN SD ID ME IL KS IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO CA OH RI CT MD DC NC TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI Mandatory college- and career-ready diploma Default college- and career-ready diploma Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 9 8 states plan to raise their requirements to the college- and career-ready level VT WA ND MT OR MI PA IA NE UT NY WI WY NV CO NH MA MN SD ID ME IL KS IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO CA OH RI CT MD DC NC TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 10 III. Build college-and career-ready measures into statewide high school assessment systems. Every year, Achieve has asked states whether they have a test capable of measuring students’ college and career readiness and, if so, whether that test is used by postsecondary institutions. This year, Georgia is the only new state to require all high school students to take a college readiness assessment, bringing the total to 10 states. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 11 10 states administer tests aligned with college and career expectations VT WA ND MT WY MI PA IA NE UT NY WI SD NV CO NH MA MN OR ID ME IL KS OH IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO RI CT MD DC NC CA TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 12 10 states currently do use high school test results for college placement decisions Ten states administer high school assessments also used by higher education to place incoming students. End-of-course: one state New York Comprehensive high school assessments: three states California, Georgia and Texas College admissions tests – the ACT or SAT: six states Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan and Tennessee Twenty-three states report plans to build college- and careerready assessments into their statewide testing system. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 13 23 states are developing tests aligned to college- and career-ready expectations VT WA ND MT WY MI PA IA NE UT NY WI SD NV CO NH MA MN OR ID ME IL KS OH IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO RI CT MD DC NC CA TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 14 IV. Develop P-20 longitudinal data systems that generate accurate information about students readiness. Three new states reported to Achieve this year that they now have operational P–20 longitudinal data systems and have begun to match student-level data between the K–12 and postsecondary systems at least once annually. This brings the total number of states with P–20 longitudinal data systems to 12. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 15 12 States have P-20 longitudinal data systems and match student data at least once annually VT WA ND MT OR MI PA IA NE UT NY WI WY NV CO NH MA MN SD ID ME IL KS IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO CA OH RI CT MD DC NC TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 16 37 states and DC are developing or planning P-20 longitudinal data systems VT WA ND MT OR MI PA IA NE UT NY WI WY NV CO NH MA MN SD ID ME IL KS IN NJ DE WV VA KY MO CA OH RI CT MD DC NC TN AZ OK NM SC AR MS TX AL GA LA FL AK HI In process of developing P-20 data systems, online in 2009 Planning P–20 data systems, online in 2010–11 Planning P-20 data systems but no target online date Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 17 States Must Have Robust Data Collection Efforts that Include College- and CareerReady Indicators Over time, states must continue to build college- and careerready indicators into their data systems and produce meaningful annual reports to key stakeholders to inform accountability decisions, classroom instruction and program evaluations. Having the right data is just the first step; the next challenge for all state leaders is to commit to using data to strengthen the preparation of students for postsecondary success. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 18 Do States Track These College- and CareerReady Indicators in Their P-20 Longitudinal Data Systems? States are making progress, but gaps in data collection persist… Number of States That Include Indicators in Their Data Systems Indicator YES PLAN 28 23 College- and Career-Ready Testing 7 7 College- and Career-Ready Diploma 15 12 College Remediation Rate 22 13 Earning College Credit While Still in High School 15 7 Cohort Graduation Rate Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 19 V. Develop reporting and accountability systems that promote college and career readiness. To fully implement the college- and career-ready agenda, state accountability systems must value and promote college and career readiness. State accountability systems must include a broad array of college- and career-ready indicators. For the indicators to be meaningful and to drive improvement in the system, they must be used effectively. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 20 Continuum of College- and Career-Ready Indicators Approaching College and Career Readiness Meeting College and Career Readiness* Exceeding College and Career Readiness Course Completion and Success Timely credit accumulation Successful completion of college- and careerready course of study Participation in Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB) and dual enrollment courses Achievement Performance or aligned assessments Meeting standards on the college- and career ready College-level performance on AP and/or IB exams Attainment Graduation Earning a college- and career-ready diploma Earning credits in dual enrollment courses Applying to and enrolling in postsecondary *Metrics based on indicators of “Meeting College and Career Readiness” should be weighted most heavily. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 21 State Accountability System Elements and Their Uses Publicly Report Indicator Set Performance Goals Offer Incentives to Improve Factor into Accountability Formula YES PLAN YES PLAN YES PLAN YES PLAN 23 28 17 34 3 5 14 27 College- and Career-Ready Testing 6 8 1 2 3 0 3 4 College- and Career-Ready Diploma 11 17 8 7 4 1 4 10 College Remediation Rate 18 8 3 5 1 2 2 5 9 8 5 3 2 4 0 4 Cohort Graduation Rate Earning College Credit While Still in High School Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 22 State Progress on Adopting Policies To Ensure That High School Students Graduate College and Career Ready 23 Standards 4 7 8 4 14 8 45 21 Graduation Requirements 8 5 6 2 8 29 10 Assessments 6 2 11 23 33 12 P–20 Data Systems 3 2 4 0 3 9 10 50 29 20 30 40 In Place by 2006 In Place by 2007 In Place by 2008 In Place by 2009 Anticipated in Place by 2010 In Process or Planning 50 Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP 23 Closing the Expectation Gap 2009 Fourth Annual 50-State Progress Report on the Alignment of High School Policies with the Demands of College and Careers