Transcript American History—Chapter 10

American History—Chapter 10
Division over Slavery
• Wilmont Proviso
• Proposal: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall
exist in any territory acquired by war (Mex-Am)
• California/New Mexico Territory
• Congressman Issues
• North mad at South b/c they would not vote for things to
make the country better (RR/Roads/Proviso)
• South was made at North b/c they felt as if the slaves were
their property
• California
• Gold Rush caused it to become a state right away
• Outlawed Slavery
Divisions over Slavery
• Compromise of 1850
• Created by Henry Clay, attempting to end fighting (N v S)
• Compromise of 1850
– California would be a free state
– New Mexico/Utah would vote to decide if they want slaves (Popular
Sovereignty)
– North would help South catch runaway slaves
– No more slave trade in Washington DC
– REJECTED BY THE SENATE
• Secession
• State leaving the USA, starting to become a popular idea
• Popular Sovereignty
• States would vote to determine if it would have slaves
Passing of the Compromise
• Stephen Douglas
• Senator from Illinois
• Broke the Compromise of 1850 into smaller parts, able
to get them passed by the Senate
• Millard Fillmore
• President during this time
• Able to convince Southerners that passing the parts of
the Great Compromise was a good idea
Opposing Views on Slavery
• Fugitive Slave Act
• Law that helped the South catch run-away slaves
• Slaves had no trial/people got $1000 for catching
(corruption)
• North passed laws that prohibited this=controversy
• Underground RR
• Secret network of tunnels, houses, etc that helped run
away slaves escape
• Harriet Tubman
• Famous “conductor”, led over 300 people to freedom
Opposing Views on Slavery
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Showed how bad slavery was; convinced people that
slavery was a moral issue that needed to be addressed
• Over 1,000,000 sold
• Northerners loved the book, hated in the South
• Stephen Douglas
• Wanted to expand a RR through Kansas/Nebraska
• Wanted the land to be free of slaves
Kansas/Nebraska Act
• Kansas/Nebraska Act
• Split Nebraska territory into 2 territories (Kan and Neb)
• Got rid of 36’30 Line
• Each state would vote on the slavery issue
• What happened
• Settlers from both North and South moved into Kansas to
vote on slavery
• Vote was not fair, thousands came from Missouri (slave
state) just to vote, then went back home
• Kansas became a slave state:
• Kansas became a slave state due to illegal voting
• Anti-slavery people would not leave Kansas and they would
not follow the laws of the Kansas government
Violence
• John Brown
• Abolitionist who believed God told him to personally fight
slavery in Kansas
• He led a revolt against the government in Kansas
• 200 people died, known as Bleeding Kansas
• 1854—Preview of the Civil War
• Violence in Senate
• Charles Sumner (Sen/Mass) was giving a speech that ripped
on Andrew Butler (Sen/SC)
• Preston Brooks (Rep/SC)—Butler’s nephew, went to
Sumner’s office a beat him with a cane
• Caused severe brain damage
• North thought this was savage, South thought this was a
good thing because he was defending family
Political Parties
• Whig Party
• Divided over slavery; fell apart after 1852
• Know Nothing Party
• White Protestants that were against Catholics/Immigrants
• Nativism
• Divided over Slavery
• Free-Soil Party
• Against slavery expanding into territories
• Very popular in the North
Republican Party
• Republican
• Formed by Horace Greely
• Combination of Northern Whigs, Free Soilers, and AntiSlavery Democrats
• Popular in North
• Election of 1856
• Fremont (Rep) vs James Buchanan (Dem)
• Buchanan won a close election, country was still very
divided.
• North was way more Republican/South was Democrat
Slavery Issues
• Dred Scott
• Slave from Missouri that sued to get his freedom back
• Supreme Court ruled that slaves did not have the same
rights as citizens
• Also said that Congress could not forbid slavery
anywhere (would hurt popular sovereignty)
• 1858 US Senate Race (Illinois)
• Abraham Lincoln (Rep) vs Stephen Douglas (Dem)
• Lincoln was unknown, Douglas was very popular
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Debates
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Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of 7 public debates
Every debate was about slavery, popular everywhere
Lincoln (tall and calm) vs Douglas (short and angry)
Douglas believed in Popular Sovereignty, Lincoln thought
slavery should be abolished
• Freeport Doctrine
• Slavery could not exist without laws to support it
• Lincoln tricked Douglas into saying this, thus giving every
state a way to get around the Dred Scot Decision
More Violence
• Harpers Ferry
• John Brown and followers stole weapons from a federal
arsenal and tried to create a slave rebellion.
• Brown was captured and killed
• North viewed him as a hero for trying to free slaves,
South became more violent in opposition to antislavery ideas
Election of 1860
• Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln (Rep), Douglas (N Dem), Breckenridge
(S Dem), Bell (Know-Nothing)
• Lincoln won the election without receiving any
electoral votes from the South.
• In many states, Lincoln did not even appear on the
ballot in the South.
Secession
• Secession (Leaving the USA)
• Dec. 20th 1860—South Carolina became the first state
to leave the USA.
• Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and
Louisiana all followed.
• Confederacy
• Confederate States of America was the new
government formed by the South.
• Capital was in Montgomery, Alabama
• Jefferson Davis—elected President of Confederacy