Transcript Georgia: Its Heritage and Its Promises

Chapter 10: Georgia in the Royal Period
STUDY PRESENTATION
© 2010 Clairmont Press
Section 1: Government in Royal Georgia
Section 2: Economic Development in Royal Georgia
Section 3: Population Growth in Royal Georgia
Section 4: Society and Culture in Royal Georgia
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9/9/14
Prepare for your Chapter 9 Quiz – you
have 5 minutes to review your notes.
You need a blue/black PEN!
 Have your workbook with you – you
will work on it after the quiz.
Verify that pp. 43, 47, 48, 49 are
complete.
You will complete p. 50 today – please
start it after you finish your quiz.
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Chapter 10, Section 1: Government in
Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
 How did the Royal Governor differ from the Trustees
in governing Georgia?
What terms do I need to know?
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French and Indian War
parish
vestry
cede
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Government in Royal Georgia
Royal governor, appointed by the king :
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called the legislature into session or dismissed it
granted land; commissioned ships
pardoned crime offenders; spent funds
served as commander-in-chief of the colony
12-member council, appointed by the king:
• served as the upper house of a bicameral (twohouse) legislature
• included prominent local leaders
• proposed and voted on laws
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Government in Royal Georgia (cont’)
Commons House of Assembly:
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considered to be lower house of legislature
proposed and voted on laws
initiated bills pertaining to money
Only white male landowners could vote or hold
office
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John Reynolds (1754-1757)
 John Reynolds had been a captain in the British
Royal Navy.
 Colonists were happy to have a new
beginning…at first.
Governor Reynolds tried to run the colony like
the military:
• Assembly was dismissed.
• Council not consulted.
• The resentment against Reynolds increased.
Reynolds was removed in 1757.
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John Reynolds (1754-1757)
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The French and Indian War
In 1754, the French and Indian War mostly took
place far north of Georgia:
• Britain & colonies vs. France, Spain, and Indian allies
• Georgia was not affected much by the war.
• Britain won
Treaty of Paris (1763):
• Georgia’s western border now extended to the
Mississippi River, not the Pacific Ocean.
• The southern border of Georgia was extended to St.
Mary’s River (what was it according to the charter?).
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The French and Indian War
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 Henry Ellis (1757-1760)
worked in various ways to
improve the colony:
• forts built for better
defense
• Renewed pledges of
friendship with micos
• Georgia divided into eight
parishes - both
government and religious
districts (like counties
today).
 Ellis had a positive impact on
the colony but left due to
poor health.
Henry Ellis
Original parishes of colonial Georgia.
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James Wright
Georgia’s third and final royal governor,
James Wright, was a good leader:
• truly cared about the colony
• worked hard to ensure Georgia grew in
population and wealth
• made Georgia his home (had 11
plantations and over 25,000 acres of
land)
• Treaty of Augusta: GA gained Creek
Indian land; over 3 million acres for new
settlement; 4 new parishes.
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James Wright
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Indian Land
Cessions to
1773
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9/10/14
 Take out your notebook and prepare to
review and take notes.
• What were the three parts of the royal
government of Georgia?
• What part of the royal government was elected by
Georgians?
• Who were the three royal governors?
• Who served as royal governor the longest?
• Which royal governor created parishes?
• How did the French and Indian War change
Georgia’s boundaries?
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Chapter 10, Section 2: Economic Development
in Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
• How did economic changes improve the lives of
Georgia’s colonists?
What terms do I need to know?
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naval stores
cash crop
headright system
tutor
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Georgia’s Early Economy
 Georgia’s economy was basically
agricultural following the French
and Indian War:
• farmers grew subsistence crops (to
feed self and family) & raised animals
 Important cash crops of the
period were rice and indigo.
 Georgians continued to make
money from their native pine trees
(naval stores: timber and sap) and
their fur and skin trade with the
Indians.
Indigo plant used to make a purple-blue dye.
Image: Public Domain.
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Land Policy
There were three ways for settlers to
acquire land in royal Georgia:
1. buy it
2. a gift/an inheritance
3. grant from the colonial government
 Grants given under the headright system:
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Free land to attract colonists
size of grant based on size of applicant’s
household (100 acres plus 50 more for every
household member)
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The Growth of Towns
Most Georgians were farmers or
planters, but towns and villages
supported other occupations:
• professionals included doctors and lawyers
• communities had artisans (e.g., coopers,
cartwrights, blacksmiths, carpenters,
tanners, bakers, tailors, and tutors)
Removing land ownership restrictions &
allowing slavery led to economic
growth but also the development of
unequal classes.
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9/11/14
 Prepare to take a few notes on
Chapter 10, Sections 3 & 4.
The faster we finish the more
time you will have to complete
your trustee Georgia assignment!
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Chapter 10, Section 3: Population Growth
in Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
• How did colonial Georgia grow
under the rule of the Royal
Governors?
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Enslaved People in Georgia
 Planters who grew rice and indigo relied on the
labor of slaves from Africa
 Georgia saw the growth of slavery to work rice
and indigo plantations:
• The work was dangerous (infected waters, alligators,
poisonous snakes, and mosquitoes)
• Most rice plantation slaves worked under the
“task system” – assigned a certain number of tasks
per day.
• Received some food or clothing from their masters.
• Not required to work on Sundays.
• Some slaves learned special skills (e.g., carpentry) and
could be hired out to make extra money for the
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owner.
18th Century Slave Trade
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Slave Codes
In 1755, Georgia passed a Slave
Code (code=set of laws):
• Laws governed the behavior of slaves
and masters.
• The code was supposed to prevent
mistreatment of slaves, but most of it
dealt with what slaves could and
could not do.
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Chapter 10, Section 4: Society and
Culture in Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
• How did society and culture
change in Georgia under the Royal
Governors?
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Religion
Organized religion also grew under royal
rule:
• The Church of England (Anglican) became
Georgia’s “official” church.
• Lutherans, Puritans, Presbyterians, Jews, and
Baptists also present in Georgia.
• Many churches served both blacks and
whites.
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Education
Getting an education in colonial Georgia
remained limited but did improve during the
royal period:
• School masters sometimes taught for a fee.
• Many ministers, merchants and planters were
educated.
Merchants and planters sometimes sent their
sons to other colonies or England for an
education.
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Results of Royal Rule
By the end of the royal period, although
not as strong or prosperous as the older
colonies, Georgia had become more like
the others.
Georgia economically prospered under
royal rule
Idealism of the trustees (hopes for
equality) was replaced by the reality of
slavery and inequality of social classes
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Trustee Colony
1732 - 1752
Royal Colony
1752 - 1776
Savannah R. , Altamaha R.,
Pacific Ocean (per the
charter)
1763: Savannah R., St. Marys
R., Mississippi R.
Board of Trustees
Ruled Colony
King Ruled Colony with Royal
Governor, Council, and House
of Assembly
Land Ownership Restricted
to 50 acres, plus a town lot
for colonists on charity; 500
acre limit for others; women
couldn’t inherit land
Limits on Land Ownership
Removed. Land distributed
under headright system
(Family = 100 acres + 50 acres
for each additional member,
servant, or slave)
Slavery Prohibited until 1750
Slavery Allowed
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