Transcript Scientific Method - Liberty High School

Bell-Ringer 08.20.2014
 Please
get the paper at the
back sink that is labeled bellringer.
 Complete the questions on
your own. This is a pre-test.
 When finished turn your paper
over.
 You may read a book whiles
waiting for your classmates
Daily Agenda
Minutes Activities
10 min
Bell-ringer
10 min
Daily Review
10 min
Scientific Method PowerPoint
45 min
Scientific Method Stations
10 min
Closure
Objectives:

I will sequence the steps of the scientific
method.

I will define the vocabulary associated
with the scientific method.

I will create flashcards for the vocabulary.

I will identify variables, groups, and
constants.

I will design an experiment containing
variables, groups, and constants.
Standards of Learning for
Biology:

BIO.1The student will demonstrate an understanding of
scientific reasoning, logic, and the nature of science by
planning and conducting investigations in which

b)
hypotheses are formulated based on direct
observations and information from scientific literature;

c)
variables are defined and investigations are
designed to test hypotheses;

k)
differentiation is made between a scientific
hypothesis, theory, and law;
Science & the
Scientific
Method
What is Science?
Science
is the attempt to
put the universe in some
kind of order that
humans can understand.
From Latin scire (which
means “to know”)
What do I need to know
about the nature of
science?
Science is
constantly
changing!
Science is constantly
changing!
 Scientists
verify each
other’s work.
 Every once in a while, the
scientists find that a theory
or scenario does not always
hold true…. So what
then?????
SCIENCE MUST CHANGE TO
FIT THE NEW FINDINGS.
This is why Science is
constantly changing.
Here are some famous
scientists…
Albert Einstein
Louis Pasteur
Germany- 1879
France- 1822
Physicist Theory
The Germ
And more famous scientists…
Ts’ai Lun
China -105 A.D.
Paper
Beatrix Potter
England -1866
Mycologist and Author
And more famous scientists…
Benjamin Banneker
Rosalind Franklin
United States- 1731
England- 1920
Farmer’s Almanac
& wooden clock
x-ray crystallography of
DNA
And more famous scientists…
Archimedes
Miguel Servet-
Greece-287 B.C.
Spain 1511
Density of an irregular
object
Function of pulmonary
system
What’s the point????
Scientists can be of
any age, race,
gender, religion or
culture!
You can be a Scientist!
And…..
Scientists rarely work alone...
They are much happier working
in groups!
So far we know…
Science
is constantly changing
Scientists can be from any race,
gender, age, culture or religion.
Scientists like to work in groups!
So, How Do We Study
Science?
We use the
Scientific
Method!!!
Step 1: Identify a
problem
Ask
a question.
Step 2: Research the
Problem
 Look
at reliable sources
 Determine what is already
known about the problem.
 Write this under
“Background Information”
in the lab write-up.
Step 3: Form a
Hypothesis
 Hypothesis-
a testable
explanation of an observation
A
hypothesis is NOT just an
educated guess about what
you think will happen. It must
be TESTABLE!!!!
Step 4: Design an
Experiment
How
are you going to test
your hypothesis?
You Design an Experiment!
Step 5: Test your
hypothesis
Follow a procedure
Keep the procedure the
same every time!
How many times should you
repeat the trials to make sure
your experiment is valid?
Step 6: Organize your
data
 Put
your data into a data table
Independent
Variable
_____(unit)
Dependent Variable __________ (unit)
Trial 1
range
Levels
Trail 2
Trail 3
mean
Step 6: Organize your
data
Make
the data table into
a graph
Graphs make it easier to
see patterns in the data.
Step 6: Organize your
data
 DRY
MIX
 Dependent
Variable = Responding
Variable = Y axis
 Manipulated
Variable =
Independent Variable = X axis
Step 7: Draw
Conclusion(s)
 Was
your hypothesis
correct?
 If your hypothesis was not
accurate or if you think
there was an error
collecting data Start
over and re-do
experiment!
Step 8: Communicate
Results
Tell
the scientific
community what you
discovered!
Any Questions????
Bellringer
 This
car will 1.What are some
not start
possible reasons
the car will not
start?
2.How would you
test your
guesses?
Scientific Method

1. Observation: Notice there is a problem
or question to be answered

2. Hypothesis: Scientific Explanation

3. Experiment: Test your hypothesis

4. Data: Collect information

-5. Analyze Data

6. Modify if needed or Communicate
Results
Experiment
Control: used to compare
experimental results. Does not
receive any experimental
treatment/changes
 Variable: Factor changed during
experiment
 Independent Variable: What do you
change
 Dependent Variable: what do we
measure

Control, Variables, and
Constants

Control:
What is used to COMPARE the results to. It is the variable in
which no independent variable has been applied.
Variable:
Anything that changes in an experiment. There are 2 types:
Independent: What you change on purpose (cause)
Dependent: What you observe changing, or
What you measure/observe (effect)
Constant:
Anything that stays the same in an experiment to make sure
that only the Independent Variable is being changed.
Data

Qualitative Data: Express with
Numbers

-Quantitative Data: Express with
Descriptions

Display in graphs: Bar, Line, Circle

X axis: Independent Variable

Y axis: Dependent Variable
Analyze Results
 1.
If results are consistent
with hypothesis,
communicate and publish
results.
 2.
If results are not
consistent with hypothesis,
modify experiment.
Conclusion
 1.
Experiment must be
repeatable.
 2. Theory versus Law
 -Theory is subject to change as
more knowledge is gained.
“Theory of Evolution”
 -Laws are universally accepted to
be true. “Law of Gravity”
Everyday Science
Scientific Method in everyday
1.
Car will not start =____________
2.
Out of gas? = _________________
3.
Adding gas and seeing if car starts =
___________________________
4.
Car doesn’t start = _____________
5.
It wasn’t out of gas =
_____________________________
(disproves hypothesis this time)
Tada! The Five Steps of the Scientific
Method
Everyday Science
Scientific Method in everyday
1. Car will not start =Observation
2.
Out of gas? = Hypothesis
3.
Adding gas and seeing if car starts =
Experiment
4.
Car doesn’t start = Data/Results
5.
It wasn’t out of gas =Conclusion/
Revise (disproves hypothesis this
time)
Station 1:Identify parts of
experiments including:
 Independent
 Dependent
Variables
Variables
 Experimental
 Control
Group(s)
Group
 Constants
Station 2: Create flash cards and
study will them with a partner

Independent Variables

Dependent Variables

Experimental Group(s)

Control Group

Constants

Scientific Method

Theory
Station 3: Design the
experiment

Choose one of the questions below
and design an experiment to
determine the answer.

You must make a hypothesis,
determine an independent variable,
dependent variable, control group,
experimental group(s), and at least
3 constants
Station 4: Create a Study
Sheet
 Fill
the space below with
important words, phrases, or
images that you think you
should study for your quiz.
 You
must fill the entire page
and use at least three colors.
Station 5: Finish Lab Safety
Projects

If you have not finished your
laboratory safety project you need
to complete it by the end of class.

No if, ands, or buts.
Homework
 Return
 Due

Signature Page
by 08/29/2014
HW9: Evaluating Experiments
 Due
next class 08/22/2014