Transcript Productos MM
Beam Pumping Workshop Houston, Texas October 4 - 7, 2005
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Alejandro F. Ameglio – Head Technical Services Tenaris Rods Division
Contents
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Chemical Analysis
•
Mechanical Properties
•
Laboratories Tests
•
Field experiences
•
Conclusions Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020 2
Chemical Analysis
Element Grade UHS-NR (4330M) Grade MMS-NR (4138M) Grade Plus (1530M)
C (Carbon) Mn (Manganese) S (Sulfur) P (Phosphorus) Si (Silicon) Ni (Nickel) Cr (Cromium) Mo (Molibdenum) 0.30-0.35
0.70-0.95
0.025 Mx.
0.025 Mx.
0.15-0.35
1.65-2.00
0.80-1.10
0.20-0.30
0.38-0.43
1.10-1.40
0.025 Mx.
0.025 Mx.
0.20-0.40
0.30 Mx.
0.60-0.90
0.25-0.35
0.31-0.36
1.4-1.6
0.025 Mx.
0.025 Mx.
0.25-0.40
0.15 Mx 0.2 Mx 0.05 Mx V (Vanadium) Nb 0.035-0.07
0.04-0.07
0.025-0.045
0.10-0.15
Cu (Copper) 0.25 Mx.
0.25 Mx.
0.25 Mx.
As it can be observed, main difference between Grades UHS-NR and MMS-NR is the Nickel (Ni) content.
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Mechanical Properties
YTS (ksi) UTS (ksi) Thermal process
Grade UHS-NR (4330M)
115 Min.
140-160 Normalized
Grade MMS-NR (4138M)
115 Min.
140-160 Normalized
Grade Plus (1530M)
115 Min.
140-160 Normalized Partially tempered
Mechanical properties are the same for all Grades
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Lab Tests
A set of lab tests were done to evaluate the performance of the different steels at corrosive environments
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CO 2 (“sweet” corrosion)
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SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) Resistance
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Localized attack in H 2 S environments Two steels were tested: AISI 4330M and AISI 4138M 27 April 2020 Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 5
Results of Lab tests Lab Tests
At CO 2 environments both steels showed approximately the same performance.
Besides that, AISI 4138M showed a lower corrosion potential compared with the AISI 4330M.
Analyzing the behavior of them at H 2 S environments, both showed a poor performance.
None of them are recommended for sour service. Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020 6
Field history Field experience
A major company operates a field at Neuquen Basin (Río Negro Norte Field)
Going trough a natural declination process, wells were changing the ALIFT systems from ESP to Rod Pumping.
Main characteristics of the field are:
• • • •
Depths: 8200-9800 ft (2500-3000 m) Production rates: 300-600 bfpd (50-90 m 3 /d) Water cuts: 10-40% Vertical wells
Load levels make Grade D rods not applicable at the first stage of field development Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020 7
Field evolution Field experience
Field evolution until Oct 2001
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 26 -S ep -00 09 -Ja n-0 1 02 -Fe b-0 1 16 -M ar 01 16 -M ay -01 31 -M ay -01 02 -A ug -01 18 -A ug -01 21 -A ug -01 02 -S ep -01 01 -O ct 01 02 -O ct 01 05 -O ct 01 08 -O ct 01
Date Accumulated failures Rod pumped wells Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020 8
Field evolution Field experience
Others, 1, 9%
Field evolution until Oct 2001
Pump failures, 3, 27%
27 April 2020
Rod failures, 7, 64% Major problems were related with sucker rod failures
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Field data analysis Field experience
As the failures rates were constantly increasing, it was decided to do a complete analysis of the field data A task force that included production engineers and specialized technicians studied data including:
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Fluid analysis
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Annulus gas determinations (H 2 S and CO 2 )
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Bacterial measurements (SRB-Sulfate Reducers Bacteria)
• •
Failure analysis (all of the rod failures were analyzed)
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Operating conditions (spm, loads, etc) Handling & care practices, make-up procedures, etc.
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Field data analysis - Conclusions Field experience
Annulus gas determinations showed a low content of CO 2 (partial pressure < 3psi). From this point of view, there is no a corrosion problem
However, CO 2 in fluid analysis were detected (concentrations between 40-70 mg/lt)
No H2S were detected, neither SRB (Bacteria).
Failure analysis indicated a corrosion-fatigue process as the responsible for the rod breaks.
NACE MR0175 (carbon steels or low alloy steels should not contain more than 1% of Ni)
As a final conclusion, a change in the steels of HS sucker rods were decided (from AISI 4330 to AISI 4138)
Those wells whit loads level less than 130% (SF=0.8) (Grade D) will be installed with Grade D rods Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020 11
Field evolution after AISI 4138 rods Field experience
40 35 30
Field evolution (2000-2004) Total failures vs. total of rod pumped wells 37
33
34 29
31 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
5
20 00 0
MMS-NR Installation
20 01 20 02
Year Accumulated failures
20 03
Rod pumped wells Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020
20 04
37
18
12
Rod body failures evolution Field Experience
Rod body f ailures
4 2 0 14 12 10 8 6 13 Grade MMS-NR (4138) Installation date 9 27 April 2020 2001 4 2002 2003
Year
Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 2 2004 13
Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138) failures evolution Field experience
Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138) Evolution
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
5 1
2001
4 7 12 1
2002 Wells
Year
2003 Rod Parts
15 0
2004
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4.5
4 3.5
3 2.5
2 1.5
1 0.5
0
14
Grade of sucker rods installed Field Experience
Sucker Rod Type 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 Grade UHS-NR 2002 Grade M M S-NR Year 2003 Grade D Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020 Ot hers 2004 15
Conclusions
This material has shown to have a better performance at corrosive environment than the other type of high strength sucker rods previously tested.
A reduction in the pulling interventions rate (increase in service life) has been observed.
Even with a “sweet” corrosive environment (CO affecting the other type of sucker rods.
2 ), and because of its reduced content of Nickel (Ni), the material is less susceptible to corrosion-fatigue processes that were
Recommendations
As with all of the high strength rods in a corrosive environments, an effective corrosion inhibition program must be applied.
Besides that, with loads level less than 140% (SF=0.8) Grade D rods are also an alternative that should be considered Premium MMS-NR (AISI 4138M) Sucker Rods 27 April 2020 16