Transcript Moscow State Classical School Is living in Moscow a

Moscow State Classical School
Is living in Moscow a blessing or a
burden?
Project by the student of 10th form Zhanna Rodnova
Teacher : Tatiana Bogatyryova
2010-2011
Passport of the project
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The Topic: Is living in Moscow a blessing or a burden?
The Urgency: the topic is urgent, because the rapid population growth results in a
great number of problems, which are turning a beautiful city into an
uncomfortable place to live in.
The Contradiction: on the one hand, Moscow is a tempting place for those who
don't live in it, on the other hand, it is a troublesome city for those who live in it.
The Problem: Moscow needs urgent measures to improve the life of its
population.
The Purpose: to do research on the problems that make Moscow a less
comfortable place to live in and find the solutions for the improvement of the city
life.
The Object of the research: Moscow, the capital of the Russian Federation.
The Subject: the influence of the problems on the life of Muscovites.
The Hypothesis: Moscow can become an attractive and comfortable place.
The Task: To study the problem of housing, the problems of transport and ecology
and to find out people's attitude to these problems and to living in a big city like
Moscow.
The Method: studying literature, newspaper articles, laws, bills, surfing the Net.
Glimpses of the housing situation in
Moscow
Housing
After the Great October Revolution
Communal apartments : revolutionary topography
Housing
Post-war period
Year
Share of industrial housing
production
1967
76%
1971
81%
1980
93%
Housing
Khrushchev and his housing project
Advantages
Disadvantages
Individual flats
Cold in winter, hot in summer
Modern conveniences
Small rooms
Public facilities
Poor sound insulation
Everyday services (schools, shops, etc)
Overpopulation
Cheap & easy to build
Require a small team of qualified workers
Take little time to be built
Housing
Perestroika
The new General Moscow
Development Plan (1998)
Main Town Planning
(25 years)
City Zoning (12-16 years)
Prime measures
(4-8 years)
Housing
Current situation
The social groups identified in Moscow can be summarized as follows:
• 1. Pensioners (1.9 million in 1997 rising to 2.2 million in 2020);
• 2. Invalids (0.7 million in 1997, 0.8 million in 2020);
• 3. Single mothers (66,500 in 1997, 75,000 in 2020);
• 4. Families of dependent children (34,000 families in 1997, 50,000
in 2020);
• 5. Students’ families (1,100 families in 1997, 5,000 in 2020);
• 6. Refugees (13,000 in 1997);
• 7. People with no fixed abode (“BOMji”) (60,000 in 1997) ;
• 8. Run-away children (6,000 in 1997, 30,000 in 2002);
• 9. Orphans (5,100 in 1997, 5,000 in 2020).
Housing
Problems:
1. House expenses;
2. Deteriorated housing:
• Squatter flats;
• Shabby and dilapidated houses;
• Communal flats;
• Primitive first generation industrial houses.
Housing
“The state of crisis of the housing complex is based
on its dependence on subsidies and unsatisfactory
financing, expensive maintenance and absence of
economic incentives for reduction of costs of
municipal services, lack of a competitive
environment and, as a consequence, high
percentage of wear of fixed capital assets,
ineffective operation of the enterprises, largescale loss of energy, water and other resources“
(Strategy for the Realisation of a Federal Housing Programme
2000-2020)
Transport
Public transport
Metro service
Bus & minibus services Morning train service
Transport
Metro service
Future:
• Security system;
• Extension of the lines;
• Reconstruction;
• Modernization;
• Improvements in the service.
Transport
Bus and minibus services
Problems:
• Always full up;
• Dirty;
• Uncomfortable;
• Old cars;
• Can be simply dangerous to use.
Transport
Morning train service
Benefits
Shortcomings
A cheap and easily accesible
inter-city connection
Almost always dirty and
overcrowded
A well-developed railway
network
The number of the trains
hasn’t increased
Sometimes faster than a car
The fares don’t really
correspond to the quality
Tramps and beggars
Usually more reliable
Frequent delays or
cancellations
Transport
Personal transport
Reasons for using
Problems, caused by personal
transport
Freedom
Traffic jams
Independence
Road accidents
A personalized transport
solution
Ecological problems
Convenient
May affect people’s mental
health
Fast
Possible problems at work or
school
Transport
Traffic jams : problem solving
Ecology
Reasons, threatening the environment of
Moscow:
• The development of the transport system;
• The growing number of industrial objects and
plants in the city;
• Deforestation;
• Overpopulation.
Ecology
Water supplies
Moscow water supply system:
1. Water reservoirs (Mozhaiskoie, Ruzskoe,
Vazuzskoie, etc);
2. Rivers (Moscow, Istra, etc).
Ecology
Problems:
• Heavy metals in drinking water;
• Pesticides;
• Waste water disposed by the city’s sewage
system.
Ecology
Deforestation
Direct causes:
• Logging
• Overpopulation
• Urbanization
• Construction
• Conversion of forest areas to nonforest lands for settlement
Natural causes:
• Forest fires
• Hurricanes
Ecology
Khimki forest:
A high speed road VS
the "Green belt”
Ecology
Ecology
Solutions:
• raising of quality of the domestic water supply in Moscow;
• establishment of an integrated system of protected;
• establishment of an integrated system for the treatment,
disposal, and utilization of domestic and industrial wastes;
• establishment of a special planning and environmental
control in the areas near ecologically dangerous plants;
• reducing of the proportion of environmentally
uncomfortable areas;
• improving the level of environmental education.
Ecology
Ecological education
Aim: to ensure people’s awareness of both their
health and environment.
Main idea : Environmental education is a basis
for security because it allows to avoid
different risks.
Survey
Survey
Survey
Survey
Survey
Bibliography
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V. Sitin – the History of Moscow
Moscow State Department of Statistics (1990) Moscow in Numbers 1990, a Statistical Yearbook. Moscow State
Department of Statistics, Moscow
The Totals of distribution of residential floor area in Moscow for 1996 “73, 1997.
‘Housing for 2002-2010 years’. Federal purpose-oriented programme. Published in “
Krasheninnikov A. V. - Housing development programme for Fili-Davidkovo, Moscow. Final report for workshop: Inner City
Development in Transitional Ecinomies”. Institute for housing and urban development studies, Report code 2452,
Rotterdam, 1997.
Law of Moscow on Developing a Master plan (1997). Law on Development in Natural Complexes (Landscapes)
Law on Muster plan of Urban Development of Moscow till the 2020, (1999)
Law on Protection of Rights of citizens in a course of urban development,
Law on Public Participation on discussions of Urban Development plans" 1998,
Law on Urban Zoning of Moscow.(1998).
The Law on Moscow as a Capital of RF. 1996.
The Town-Planning Codex of Russian Federation (RF). - 2001.
www.wikipedia.org
www.mos.ru
www.mosgorzdrav.ru
www.moseco.ru
www.ecology.ru
www.gks.ru
www.protown.ru
http://www.bellona.ru/
The New Yorker Digital Edition, August 02, 2010
www.sovietmoscow.ru