Transcript Document

‫ورقة محورية‬
‫المؤتمر اإلقليمي األول حول إدارة آفات نخيل التمر‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫م‪ .‬سعيد علي العواش‬
Evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria
bassiana and its prospects in controlling the red palm
weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier
‫ وفرصته في‬Beauveria bassiana ‫تقييم للفطر الممرض للحشرات‬
‫مكافحة حشرة سوسة النخيل الحمراء‬
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‫أعطوني زراعة ‪..‬اضمن لكم حضارة‬
‫المغفور له بإذن هللا سمو الشيخ زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫شجرة نـخيل التمــر‬
‫• ثروة قومية واقتصادية في‬
‫جميع الدول العربية وخاصة‬
‫دول الخليج‪.‬‬
‫• عامل رئيسي لوقف التصحر‬
‫وتعمير الصحــــراء‬
‫• أحــد المعـــالم الثقــافيــة‬
‫والبيئـــية الرئيســية في‬
‫دول الشرق األوسط‬
‫‪4‬‬
THE RED PALM WEEVIL
1985
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv.
(Coleoptera : Curculionidae)
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‫التوزيع الجيوغرافى‪:‬‬
‫امتدادات انتشارها الجديدة بعد عام ‪1985‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫الضــرر‬
‫‪7‬‬
8
Beauveria bassiana
9
‫أهداف الدراسة‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬دراسة القدرة المرضية للفطر الممرض للحشرات ‪Beauveria bassiana‬‬
‫للحشرة الكاملة لسوسة النخيل الحمراء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬دراسة الطور التطفلي والطور الرمي للفطر على الحشرات الكاملة واليرقات‬
‫لحشرة سوسة النخيل الحمراء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬تقييم طريقة لإلنتاج الغزير للفطر ‪ Beauveria bassiana‬و طريقتين لتخزين‬
‫جراثيمه الكونيدية‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬تقييم الفطر كأحد وسائل المكافحة الحيوية لحشرة سوسة النخيل الحمراء في‬
‫مزارع النخيل‪.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
11
Experimental work in the UAE
a. Experimental insects
b. The fungus
c. Maintenance of the fungus
d. Bioassays
e. Parasitic phase of B. bassiana
f. Saprophytic phase of B. bassiana
g. Effect of temperature on growth and
development of the fungus
h. Mass production of the fungus
i.
Conidia storing
j. Field Experiments
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13
1. In United Arab Emirates
a. Pathogenicity of the fungus
B. bassiana to the red palm weevil
1. Pathogenicity to adults
100
% Mottality of RPW
80
y = 17.714x - 70.143
R2 = 0.9894
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4 concentration
5
6
Log
7
8
9
Mortality response of red palm weevil adults to different
concentrations of the fungus Beauveria bassiana
10
14
2. Parasitic phase of the fungus
on adults and larvae
80
% mortality
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Days after treatment
Corrected mortality curve for red palm weevil adults treated with
108 con./ml of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana
15
Susceptibility of red palm weevil larvae to different
concentrations of the fungus Beauveria bassiana
15
Group (A)
Group (B)
Group (C)
12.8
100
100
100
100
12
Group (A)
Group (B)
Group (C)
11.6
100
85
10
80
9.3
8.3
9
60
7.1
Days
% mortality
80
65
10.1
9.2
60
45
6
6
40
20
3
0
5000000
50000000
500000000
0
5000000
Concentration (con./ml)
Mortality values of red palm weevil
larvae of different ages treated with three
conidia concentrations of B. bassiana
50000000
500000000
Con. / ml
Lethal time of red palm weevil larvae
of different age treated with three
conidia concentrations of B. bassiana
16
Healthy larvae of RPW
Cadavers of red palm weevil
larvae resulting from of
Beauveria bassiana infection
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3. Saprophytic phase of the fungus on
adults and larvae
Data on the saprophytic phase of the fungus Beauveria bassiana on adult
and larvae cadavers of the red palm weevil
Larvae
Adults
The saprophytic phase of the fungus B. bassiana on R. ferrugineus
18
b. Effect of temperature on growth and
development of the fungus
after 24 h
after 48 h
100
Effect of temperature on viability
of Beauveria bassiana conidia
% germination
80
60
40
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Temperature (C)
Effect of temperature on the
mycelial growth of the fungus
Beauveria bassiana
mycelial growth (mm)
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
44
45
Te mpe rature (C)
19
Effect of temperature on growth of the Fungus
Beauveria bassiana
Log. number of conidia / cm
10
Effect of temperature on
conidia production of the
fungus B. bassiana
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Te mpe ratute (C)
35
40
45
20
Mass
production of
the fungus
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c. Mass production of the fungus
1. Evaluation of conidia production
Conidia production of Beauveria bassiana cultured on GR-medium
compared with SDAY-medium
*Significant at 0.01%
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2. Evaluation of conidia virulence
100
GR-medium
SDAY-medium
% mortality
80
60
40
20
0
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
days after treatment
Mortality curves of R. ferrugineus adults treated with B. bassiana
cultured on GR-medium and SDAY-medium
23
d. Conidia storage
1. Storing the dry conidia
Viability (% germination) and virulence (% mortality) of B. bassiana conidia
stored at two temperatures
In a column values followed by the same letter are not significantly different
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100
% germination
80
Monthly values of germination
percentage of B. bassina conidia
stored at two temperatures
60
40
Con. Stored at - 5 C
20
Con. Stored at 2-4 C
0
Feb.
M ar.
Apr.
M ay.
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
sep.
Oct.
Month 2007
100
Monthly mortality of
R. ferrugineus adults treated
by B. bassiana conidia stored
at two temperatures
% mortality
80
60
Con. Stored at -5 C
40
Con. Stored at 2-4 C
20
0
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May Jun.
Jul.
Aug. Sep. Oct.
Months 2007
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2. Storing conidia as a dense water
suspension
100
% germination
80
60
40
20
0
Apr.07
May
Jun.
Jul
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Months
Monthly values of germination percentages of conidia stored as a dense water
suspension in a frozen state (-10 oC).
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e. Efficiency of B. bassiana against RPW
in date palm plantations
1. Season 2008
Mortality resulted from
spraying the fungus, B. bassiana
in three date palm plantations in
Ras Al-Khaima in season 2008
SPP-1 = 1185
SPP-3 = of 1153
SPP-2 = 1126
Control = 1018
Mortality resulted from dusting
the fungus, B. bassiana in three
date palm plantations in Ras
Al-Khaima in season 2008
DPP-1 = 1014
DPP-3 = 1166
DPP-2 = 1188
Control = 1018
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Spraying the fungus was directed to cover about 1 m of the tree trunk above the soil
surface and the soil area around the trunk as well as a leaf axils
Dusting treatment was applied using a hand-held plastic inoculator to disperse the powder
preparation in leaf axils and the soil close to the trunk
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e. Efficiency of B. bassiana against RPW
in date palm plantations
2. Season 2009
Mortality resulted from
spraying the fungus, B. bassiana
in three date palm plantations in
Ras Al-Khaima in season 2009
SPP-1 = 1185
SPP-3 = of 1153
SPP-2 = 1126
Control = 1018
Mortality resulted from dusting
the fungus, B. bassiana in three
date palm plantations in Ras
Al-Khaima in season 2009
DPP-1 = 1014
DPP-3 = 1166
DPP-2 = 1188
Control = 1018
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‫أهم النتائج التطبيقية التي تم التوصل إليها ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬حساسية األطوار المختلفة لحشرة سوسة النخيل الحمراء للفطر ‪B. bassiana‬‬
‫‪ -2‬نجاح استخدام الفطر على شكل مسحوق جاف تعفيراً في خفض أعداد‬
‫الحشرات الكاملة لسوسة النخيل الحمراء مما يؤدي إلى حدوث خفض في نسب‬
‫اإلصابة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ضرورة استخدام الفطر الممرض كوسيلة مكافحة حيوية فعالة في إطار‬
‫منظومة المكافحة المتكاملة لآلفة‪.‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫شكرا جزيال على حسن االستماع‬
‫‪31‬‬
b. The fungus
32
h. Mass production of the fungus
On a simple medium of crumbled rice grains (GR-Medium)
Components
40 g rice + 8 g peptone + 2 g Yeast extract + 10
g Agar
Autoclavation at 121 oC for 20 min.
Pouring
in aluminium trays.
Inoculation
with germinated hyphae and blastospores grown
for 2-3 days in liquid medium.
Incubation
at room temperature.
Harvest
by scraping using paint bruch.
Conidia production and virulence were evaluated compared
with culturing on SDAY-medium.
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