Transcript Document

International Atomic Energy Agency
Meeting on Security Culture
Embassy of Hungary, Vienna, 24 April 2012
Towards a CBRN Security Culture: Sharing Nuclear
Security Experience
Dr. Khammar Mrabit
Director, Office of Nuclear Security
Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
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Contents
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Background
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Evolution & Importance of Nuclear Security Culture
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IAEA Activities in Nuclear Security Culture
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Nuclear Security Culture in the context of CBRN Terrorism
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Conclusion
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Background
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Security Threats
Threats to nuclear security involve
criminals or terrorists acquiring and
using for malicious purposes:
•Nuclear weapons
•Nuclear material to make IND
•Radioactive material for RDD or RED
Threats could also involve radioactive
material dispersion through sabotage of
facility or transport.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Global Nuclear Security Framework
International
Conventions: CPPNM & 2005
Legal Instruments
Amend., UNSCR 1540.
IAEA
Nuclear
Security
Guidelines
Knowledge
CoC on Safety & Security of Rad.
Sources & INFCIRC/225/Rev. 5
IAEA Peer
Reviews &
Advisory
Services
E&T
CRP
Networks
National & Regional Nuclear
Regulatory & Law
Operation &
Security Infrastructure
Enforcements
Use
Agencies
TSOs, Research, Education & Training
The Key Nuclear Security Elements
IAEA Nuclear Security Fundamentals define the following key
elements:
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State Responsibility
Identification and Definition of Duties and Responsibilities
Legislative and Regulatory Framework
International Transport
Offenses and Penalties Including Criminalization
International Cooperation and Assistance
Identification and Assessment of Targets and Consequences
Use of Risk-Informed Approaches
Detection of Nuclear Security Events
Planning/ Preparedness/ Response to a Nuclear Security Event
Sustaining a Nuclear Security Regime
Security culture is vital for sustaining a nuclear security regime
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Evolution & Importance of
Nuclear Security Culture (NSC)
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International Atomic Energy Agency
NSC as a Fundamental Principle
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Included in the “ The Physical Protection Objectives and
Fundamental Principles” endorsed by the BoG and
welcomed by GC in September 2011.
Recognized by the International Conference on Nuclear
Security in 2005 - “The fundamental principles of nuclear
security include embedding a nuclear security culture
thought the organizations involved. By the coherent
implementation of a NSC, staff remain vigilant of the need
to maintain a high level of security”
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International Atomic Energy Agency
NSC as a Fundamental Principle (Cont’d)
• Incorporated in Amendment to the CPPNM,
July 2005
Fundamental Principle F — Security
Culture:
“All organizations involved in
implementing physical protection
should give due priority to the
security culture, to its
development and maintenance
necessary to ensure its effective
implementation in the entire
organization”.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Security Summit
The Washington NSS in 2010 underlined the importance
of NSC:
“Participating States
will work to promote
and sustain
strong nuclear
security culture”
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Security Summit (Cont’d)
The Seoul Summit last month:
•Underlined that investment in human
capacity building is fundamental
to promoting and sustaining a strong
nuclear security culture
•Encouraged governments, regulatory
bodies, industry, academia,
nongovernmental organizations and
the media, to fully commit to enhancing
security culture
•Welcomed the effort by IAEA to share experience
and lessons learned and to optimize available resources
•Encouraged States to promote a security culture that emphasizes the need
to protect nuclear security related information
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International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA Activities in Nuclear
Security Culture
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International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA Definition of Nuclear Security Culture
Implementing Guide NSS-7
•The assembly of characteristics,
principles, attitudes and
behaviour of individuals,
organizations and institutions
which serves as a means to
support and enhance nuclear
security.
•Appropriate NSC ensures that
the implementation of nuclear
security measures receive the
attention warranted by their
significance.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Security Culture Model
The nuclear security
culture model described
in the IAEA Guide is
derived from a widely
used 3- layer model of
organizational culture
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Security Culture Model
• BELIEFS AND
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ATTITUDE
PRINCIPLES
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
BEHAVIOUR
• Leadership
• Personnel
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Beliefs and Attitudes
• Exist in people’s minds
• Beliefs and attitudes:
• are developed through experience
• are developed over time
• affect individual behaviour
• ultimately affect nuclear security
effectiveness
• Important for security personnel and also
others in organizations
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Principles
• Instilled by managers into organization
• Seen as guiding decisions of management
• Principles for guiding decisions and
behaviour are:
• motivation
• leadership
• commitment and responsibility
• professionalism and competence
• learning and improvement
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Management Systems
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Visible security policy
Clear roles and
responsibilities
Performance measurement
Work environment
Training and qualification
Work management
Information security
Operation and maintenance
Continual determination of
trustworthiness
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Quality assurance
Change management
Feedback process
Contingency plans and drills
Self-assessment
Interface with the regulator
Coordination with off-site
organizations
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Importance of Behaviour
Leadership behaviour
Expectations
Use of authority
Decision making
Management oversight
Involvement of staff
Effective
Personnel behaviour
Professional conduct
Personal accountability
Adherence to procedures
Teamwork and
cooperation
Vigilance
communications
Improving performance
Motivation
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of International Community
• States have common interest in nuclear
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security - national legislation & regulation
International community provides guidance in
security areas and facilitates assistance
International Instruments: CPPNM, Nuclear
Terrorism Convention, UNSC resolutions
1373 & 1540, CoC …etc. support the need for
nuclear security, including NSC
IAEA offers publications, training and
assistance programmes on NSC
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of State
Establish legal and regulatory framework to
foster effective NSC
State organizations that may be involved:
• Nuclear regulator
• Law enforcement
• Military
• Health ministry
• Intelligence
• Emergency response
• Public information
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of Organizations
Within a State various organizations have
responsibilities associated with nuclear security.
Each organization should have:
• Nuclear security policy
• Management structure
• Resources
• Management systems
• Review and improvements
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA: Establishment of Nuclear
Security Series Publications
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3
Fundamentals; Objective
and Essential Elements
Recommendations
Implementing Guides
6-4-15
8-4-16
Technical
Guidance
17 Published – 8 in Final Stage – 31 Planned
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA: Provision for application of
Guidance: Education & Training
E & T in figures:
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About 30 different NS
training courses were designed.
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About 60 events (training courses, workshops)
organized per year.
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About 10.200 participants from 120 States were trained in 400
training events.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA: Provision for application of
Guidance: Education & Training (Cont’d)
A partnership between the
IAEA and universities,
research has been
established:
INSEN
Created in 2010
42 participants from 21 States:
26 universities, 2 international organizations
& several other stakeholders
Mission:
to enhance global nuclear security by developing, sharing and promoting excellence in
nuclear security education
International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA: Provision for application of
Guidance: Education & Training (Cont’d)
Created in Jan- Feb 2012 -
47 participants: 30 countries, GP, EU, UNODA, UNODC,
1540 Committee and WINS.
Mission:
To contribute to global efforts to enhance nuclear security through an effective and
collaborative network of Nuclear Security Training and Support Centres
Objectives:
• promote a high level of nuclear security training and support services as a
cornerstone in the development of sustainable national, regional and global nuclear
security training and support centres;
• facilitate the cooperation and assistance activities to optimize the use of available
resources and leverage those resources to meet specific needs.
Based on experience learned from Nuclear Safety Networks and
International Nuclear Security Education Network experience
International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA: Provision for application of
Guidance: Education & Training (Cont’d)
Global umbrella with regional sub groups
International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA: Regional Workshop
on NSC: Objectives
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To provide a basic awareness and understanding of NSC
To give an insight into the relevant international and national
legal instruments that impact on NSC
To provide an understanding of the universal features of NSC,
including the roles of the State, organizations, managers, good
institutional governance and the attitudes of individuals
To discuss the experience in enhancing the NSC within
organization and with the public and the measures taken to
sustain their security activities
To familiarize attendees with basic elements of evaluation
methodology
IAEA Workshop methodology is applicable for security culture familiarization
and discussion in non-nuclear areas (chemical, bio)
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Role of IAEA: Peer Reviews
IPPAS – International Physical
Protection Advisory Service
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Service organized since 1996
54 Missions to 37 States
IPPAS reports are confidential
Provides assessment of the NSC in operation,
maintenance and self-assessment
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Synergy between Safety and Security
Culture
• Principal shared objective of Nuclear Security and
Nuclear Safety: the protection of people, society
and the environment from the effects of harmful
nuclear radiation
Safety and Security Culture attributes are similar:
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Safety and security are clearly recognized values
Leadership for both is a prerequisite for success
Accountability for both is a fundamental requirement
Safety and security should be integrated into all other
activities
- Safety and security are learning and experience driven
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International Atomic Energy Agency
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Synergy vs. Challenge:
Communication
For Safety Culture, all individuals are prevailed
upon to share information openly for transparency
and openness
In the same way, Security Culture requires that
individuals respond immediately to confirmed or
perceived threats and incidents, but restrict
communication to non sensitive/classified
information
Safety- Security interface and communication
patterns could be used for CBRN culture
consideration
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Security Culture in the
context of CBRN Terrorism
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International Atomic Energy Agency
CBRN Security Culture Workshop 2012
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Organized by the Centre for International Trade and
Security at University of Georgia, USA, 6-8 Feb. 2012
Participants included international organizations
(IAEA, OPCW, UNODA, WHO), government officials
as well as NGOs and business community, involved
in combating CBRN terrorism
Shared experience in establishment and
maintenance of security culture
Recognized IAEA record, experience and
achievements in enhancement of nuclear security
culture
Considered CBRN security culture in context of
UNSC Resolution 1540
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Towards Sustainable CBRN Security Culture
Outcomes of CBRN Security Culture Workshop:
•CBRN threat environment is common and
requires culture‐based approach in
combating WMD proliferation and terrorism
•Security cultures exist in respective areas
to protect sensitive materials and prevent
acts of chemical bio- of radiological
sabotage
•Promotion of security culture requires
sufficient communication between CBRN
sectors and good practice sharing
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Towards Sustainable CBRN Security Culture
Outcomes of CBRN Security Culture Workshop (Cont’d):
•IAEA generic model of NSC is recommended
for facilitation security culture in chemical
and bio- sectors
•Evaluation methodology and performance
indicators for security culture are needed for
all CBRN sectors
•Efforts are under way to develop a
comprehensive report on joint architecture of
CBRN security culture
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Conclusion
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Conclusion
• Nuclear Security Culture is a mature
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concept – Standards and Guidance
established and used by many States
IAEA is developing an action plan to
provide further technical guidance on
security culture to a variety of nuclear
facilities and radioactive source operators
At the same time drawing on its concept of
nuclear security culture, IAEA is sharing its
experience with chemical and bio sectors
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Conclusion (Cont’d)
• A more integrated approach and a
common foundation of CBRN
security culture will significantly
facilitate global efforts against WMD
terrorism
• UNSCR 1540 Committee or …could
provide necessary vehicle to
coordinate these efforts involving all
relevant stakeholders
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International Atomic Energy Agency
…Thank you for your attention
International Atomic Energy Agency
[email protected]
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