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LESSONS FROM THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Reaching the Poorest of the Poor at the Community Level HON. SECRETARY DOMINGO F. PANGANIBAN National Anti-Poverty Commission Republic of the Philippines Taking Actions for the World’s Poor and Hungry Organized by China’s State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOPAD) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) 17 to 19 October 2007, in Beijing, China Philippine Midterm Progress Report on the MDGs Target 2015 Chance of Success INDICATOR 1990 CURRENT Proportion of Population Below Poverty Threshold 45.3% 30% (2003) 22.65% HIGH Proportion of Population Below Subsistence Threshold 24.3% 13.5% (2003) 12.15% HIGH 34.5% 24.6% (2005) 17.25% HIGH Percentage of Underweight Children 5 Years Old and Below Average Annual Poverty Reduction for Selected Asian Countries COUNTRY Years Philippines 1971-91 Indonesia Annual Reduction First Year Last Year 0.70% 52% 39% 1970-90 2.00% 58% 19% Korea 1970-90 0.90% 23% 5% Malaysia 1973-87 1.60% 37% 14% Thailand 1962-88 1.40% 59% 22% Source: World Bank, 1996 Steady Economic Growth Since 2001 GNP GDP 8.3 7.5 6.7 6.2 5.9 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.7 3.7 3.4 5.8 5.6 5 5.5 3.4 3 Source: NEDA/NSCB 20 05 Q 12 00 6 Q 22 00 7 20 04 20 03 20 02 20 01 20 00 19 99 0.4-0.6 19 98 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan Macro-economic stability based on free enterprise Agricultural and fisheries modernization Comprehensive human development and the protection of vulnerable sectors Good and effective governance Philippine Anti-Poverty Program Accelerated asset reform Improved access to human development services Better employment opportunities Security from violence and reliable social protection Participation of the poor in governance The Philippine Development Process NATIONAL GOVERNMENT REGIONAL FIELD OFFICES LOCAL GOVERNMENTS COMMMUNITIES COMMUNITIES LOCAL GOVERNMENTS COMMUNITIES CONVERGENCE AND CONSULTAION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL ANTI-HUNGER PROGRAMS LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS MUNICIPAL PROGRAMS FOR IMPLEMENTATION AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL HEALTH PROGRAMS HOUSING PROGRAMS DESIRED OUTCOMES FOR MDG RESPONSIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS A local development plan incorporating the MDG targets and corresponding increase budget allocation for MDG-responsive programs Local policies that facilitate the achievement of the MDGs; Local monitoring system to benchmark LGU contributions to the attainment of MDG targets; Improved delivery of basic services through replication of good practices; and Inclusion of accomplishment of MDG targets as one of the performance commitments of the LGUs. THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES •7,107 islands •17 regions •81 provinces •118 cities •41,990 villages Available Sources of Data Implementing Agency NSO Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) Frequency of Collection Every 3 years Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS) NSO Every year wherein FIES is not conducted National Nutritional Survey (NNS) FNRI Every 5 years Data Obtained Family income and living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines including poverty incidence Socioeconomic profiles of families and other information relating to their living conditions but not poverty incidence Food situation and nutritional status What is CBMS? What are its advantages? An organized process of data collection and processing at the community level; Facilitates the integration of data for local planning, program implementation and evaluation; Promotes evidence-based policymaking, and encourages communities to participate in the data gathering process CBMS Core Indicators 1 Proportion of children’s deaths (0-5 years old) 2 Proportion of women deaths due to pregnancy-related causes 3 Proportion of children 0-5 years old who are malnourished 4 Proportion of households living in makeshift housing 5 Proportion of households that are squatters 6 Proportion of households without access to safe water supply 7 Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet facilities 8 Proportion of children aged 6-12 years old who are not in elementary school 9 Proportion of children aged 13-16 years old who are not in secondary school 10 Proportion of households with income below the poverty threshold 11 Proportion of households with income below the food threshold 12 Proportion of households that experienced food shortage 13 Proportion of persons who are unemployed 14 Proportion of persons who were victims of crime Need-Solution Quick Matching Approach: Localizing MDGs Solution Providers CBMS Result (MDG-based Indicators) Local Priority Needs and Concerns Fact-Based Intervention (FBI) Exchange (Public/Private/Partnership) Policy / Advocacy Innovative Program/ Project Design Creation Matching and Prioritized Delivery of Services Facilitation Sanggunian Panlunsod Enhancement Preservation (Peace & Order) Source: Pasay City LGU Capability Building Maintain Harmony in the community CBMS: Localizing MDGs Other Other Agencies Agencies Nat’l Anti-Poverty Commission Other Agencies Other Agencies CBMS Repository DirectInterventions Interventions Direct Basic Services HOUSEHOLDS Direct Direct Interventions Interventions Local Governments (Implementing Agents) Livelihood Training HOUSEHOLDS HOUSEHOLDS Hunger Mitigation Program Framework Unavailable or insufficient food to eat HUNGER No money to buy food Hunger Mitigation Measures Demand Side Supply Side Increase food production Enhance efficiency of logistics & food delivery Put more money in poor people’s pockets Promote good nutrition Productivity programs including livestock, crops, marine regeneration (mangrove and coastal fishery development), farm family (Gulayan ng Masa) and irrigation - DA, DENR, NIA a) Barangay Food Terminal & Tindahan Natin – DA, NFA, DSWD b) Ports (RORO)-maximum use of private ports, shipping - DOTC/PPA c) Farm to market roads – DPWH, DA, DAR, AFP d) Efficient local transport – LGUs/Leagues of P/C/M/B, DILG, PNP e) Food for School Program - DepED, DSWD f) Creation of NGO network to support feeding programs - DSWD g) Community tradeable rice certificates - NFA a) Improve productivity in coconut areas (coconut coir, virgin coconut oil & other valueadding products, coconet production) – DA, PCA ( CIIF) b) More aggressive microfinancing – Microfinance Program Committee c) Maximize employment opportunities in construction & maintenance of farm-to-market roads, irrigation and roadside maintenance– DPWH, MMDA, PNP, NIA, DAR, DA, AFP d) Aggressive training – TESDA, DOLE, DSWD, CHED e) Upland land distribution (4M ha for jatropha, rubber) – DAR, DENR a) Conduct social marketing – DOH, NNC/ LGUs b) Promote exclusive breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, and increased consumption of vegetables – DOH, NNC, LGUs c) Nutrition education in schools – DepED Sources: NEDA/NNC Manage population Responsible Parenthood – DOH, POPCOM, LGUs/ ULAP/ Leagues of P/C/M/B Fighting Hunger at the Community Level Backyard propagation of vegetables and fish Establishment of public food stalls to make safe, affordable, and nutritious food available to the poor Improvement of ports, roads, and other transport facilities Implementation of free school feeding programs More aggressive microfinance, employment, and livelihood training projects Widespread promotion of responsible parenthood Self-Rated Hunger Incidence among Filipinos Area and Families Affected Severe Hunger (%) Number of Families (‘000) Total Hunger Incidence (%) Source: Social Weather Stations 2006 2007 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 4.2 3.4 4.6 3.9 4.0 2.2 700 580 800 680 700 390 16.9 13.9 16.9 19.0 19.0 14.7 Lessons from the Philippines Sound macroeconomic policies Equitable asset distribution Infrastructure development Rural and agricultural development A strong partnership between national and local governments Good governance and accurately controlled public investments Political stability THE NEED FOR GREATER INT’L COOPERATION AND JOINT ACTION… THANK YOU