Transcript No Slide Title

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ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA
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UN World Food Programme
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Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit
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MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit
Food Security Situation in Cambodia
• Production:
– National: surplus since 1995
– Household: within surplus communes over 20%
of hh are chronically food insecure
• Access:
– Low purchasing power
– Poor marketing system
• Utilization: lack of food diversification
Cambodia: why some groups are chronically
food insecure? Some major reasons
• Commune/Household level production variations resulting
in unequal access to food.
• Indebtedness requiring large rice repayments against
current crop harvest
• Long term decline in common property resources (forestry,
fisheries resources and land)
• Overall low level of income/wealth and lack of alternative
income sources
• Structural Problems such as high pressure on land (small
landholdings and insecure land tenure), low soil quality,
high dependency on weather...
Roles of WFP-VAM Unit
• Vulnerability Analysis: Targeting food aid to the most
needy people
• Support Monitoring and Evaluation
• Contingency Planning: Yearly analysis/update of
event/impact (floods, civil war, …) and WFP response
• Research on Food Security Issues 2000: Protracted
emergency target population, forestry/common property
resource issues, education sector, nutrition, urban poor
• Counterpart Capacity Building: Inter-ministerial team for
M&E
• Support to other agencies: Targeting poorest, analysis,
information, ...
Process undertaken to analyze Poverty…
• Surveys: Baseline surveys, PET, Gender survey, food
security and nutrition surveillance, crop assessment, etc
• Secondary Data Sets: Census 1998, SES, satellite data,
HKI data sets, land use data, health and nutrition data, etc
• Staff/Govt. Inputs: Field staff assessment in
collaboration with government and development agencies
• Statistical Analysis: Running analyses over data to
generate specific indicators of poverty et al
• Spatial Analysis using GIS: Statistical analysis
incorporating a spatial component
• Outputs: Clear identification of the food insecure and
vulnerable regions of Cambodia, generation of reports
Methodology for Targeting in 2001
Socio-Economic Survey (3,000 households)
Consumption Expenditure as explained by
• Household size
• Age of head of household
• Education level
• Proportion of elderly
• Widowed head of household
• Occupation of head of household
• Electricity source
• Water source
• Urban household
Methodology for Targeting in 2001
Census 98 (2.1 million households)
Consumption Expenditure as explained by
• Household size
• Age of head of household
• Education level
• Proportion of elderly
• Widowed head of household
• Occupation of head of household
• Electricity source
• Water source
• Urban household
Methodology for Targeting in 2001
PREDICTED CONSUMPTION
EXPENDITURE
for ALL 2.1 million Households
in Cambodia
Definition of Poor Household, 2001
Poor household is defined as those with
consumption expenditure below the
54,050 Riel per capita per month
based on
poverty line expenditure to afford 2,100
calorie food basket per day and minimal
other basic expenditure
Poverty Mapping 2000-CSES 99 and
Census 98 Analysis Results
Percentage of Households within a Commune Classified as Poor
Otdar
Otdar
Otdar Mean
Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Chey
Mean
Chey
Otdar
Otdar
Otdar
Mean
Chey
Rotanak
Rotanak
Rotanak Kiri
Kiri
Kiri
Kiri
Rotanak
Rotanak
Rotanak
Kiri
Stueng
Stueng
Stueng Treng
Treng
Treng
Treng
Stueng
Stueng
Stueng
Treng
Banteay
Banteay
Banteay Mean
Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Chey
Mean
Chey
Banteay
Banteay
Banteay
Mean
Chey
Preah
Preah
Preah Vihear
Vihear
Vihear
Vihear
Preah
Preah
Preah
Vihear
Siem
Siem
Siem Reap
Reap
Reap
Reap
Siem
Siem
Siem
Reap
Pailin
Pailin
Pailin
Pailin
Pailin
Pailin
Battambang
Battambang
Battambang
Battambang
Battambang
Battambang
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong Thom
Thom
Thom
Thom
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong
Thom
Kracheh
Kracheh
Kracheh
Kracheh
Kracheh
Kracheh
Mondol
Mondol
Mondol Kiri
Kiri
Kiri
Kiri
Mondol
Mondol
Mondol
Kiri
Pursat
Pursat
Pursat
Pursat
Pursat
Pursat
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong Chhnang
Chhnang
Chhnang
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong Cham
Cham
Cham
Cham
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong
Cham
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong Speu
Speu
Speu
Speu
Kampong
Kampong
Kampong
Speu
Phnom
Phnom
Phnom
Penh
Penh
Phnom
Phnom
Phnom Penh
Penh
Penh
Penh
Koh
Koh
Koh Kong
Kong
Kong
Kong
Koh
Koh
Koh
Kong
Kandal
Kandal
Kandal
Kandal
Kandal
Kandal
% of Poor Households
Prey
Prey
Prey Veng
Veng
Veng
Veng
Prey
Prey
Prey
Veng
Poverty Mapping 2000
Svay
Svay
Svay Rieng
Rieng
Rieng
Rieng
Svay
Svay
Svay
Rieng
Takeo
Takeo
Takeo
Takeo
Takeo
Takeo
Krong
Krong
Krong Preah
Preah
Preah Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Preah
Sihanouk
Krong
Krong
Krong
Preah
Sihanouk
Kampot
Kampot
Kampot
Kampot
Kampot
Kampot
> 40% poor
(488)
25 to 40 %
(595)
10 to 25 %
(261)
< 10%
(214)
No data/No Poor (58)
Krong
Krong
Krong Keb
Keb
Keb
Keb
Krong
Krong
Krong
Keb
Produced by WFP/VAM Unit, July 2001
Selection Process of Poor Communes
1) >40% poor in 2000 analysis AND Poorest 25% in 1997/98/99 Analyses
70 Communes-505,000 people
2) >40% poor in 2000 analysis AND 25% poorest in 1997 or 1998 analyses
198 communes-1,502,000 people
3) >50% poor in 2000 analysis AND Not selected in 1) or 2) above
90 communes-424,000 people
Total 358 communes-2,431,000 people
(20% of population as of March 2001)
1997 Poverty Analysis
Based on 27 indicators from a 2,751
village survey in
pre-selected 550 “poor” communes.
Lower then 50 score indicators
commune in bottom 20% of all
communes in country
Poverty Index 1997

Otdar
Otdar Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Stueng
Stueng Treng
Treng
Banteay
BanteayMean
Mean Chey
Chey
Rotanak
RotanakKiri
Kiri
Preah
Preah Vihear
Vihear
Siem
SiemReap
Reap
Battambang
Pailin
Pailin Battambang
Kampong
Kampong Thom
Thom
Kracheh
Kracheh
Mondol
Mondol Kiri
Kiri
Pursat
Pursat
Kampong
Kampong Chhnang
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong Cham
Cham
Kampong
Kampong Speu
SpeuPhnom
PhnomPenh
Penh
Koh
Koh Kong
Kong
Kandal
Kandal
Prey
PreyVeng
Veng
Svay
SvayRieng
Rieng
Takeo
Takeo
Kampot
Kampot
Krong
Krong Preah
Preah Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Krong
Krong Keb
Keb
The Commune Poverty Ranking
> 50% poor to medium
< 50% very poor
No assessment
Produced by the WFP VAM Unit, July 2001
1998 Poverty Analysis
Based on 5 high risk coping strategies
and
WFP provincial staff ranking
indicator
41 of 180 districts were chosen
Poverty Index 1998, High Priority District

Otdar
Otdar Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Stueng
Stueng Treng
Treng
Banteay
BanteayMean
Mean Chey
Chey
Rotanak
RotanakKiri
Kiri
Preah
Preah Vihear
Vihear
Siem
SiemReap
Reap
Battambang
Pailin
Pailin Battambang
Kampong
Kampong Thom
Thom
Kracheh
Kracheh
Mondol
Mondol Kiri
Kiri
Pursat
Pursat
Kampong
Kampong Chhnang
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong Cham
Cham
Kampong
Kampong Speu
SpeuPhnom
PhnomPenh
Penh
Koh
Koh Kong
Kong
Kandal
Kandal
Prey
PreyVeng
Veng
Svay
SvayRieng
Rieng
Takeo
Takeo
Kampot
Kampot
Krong
Krong Preah
Preah Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Krong
Krong Keb
Keb
High Priority District
Non priority district
High priority district
Produced by the WFP VAM Unit, July 2001
1999 Poverty Analysis
Based on 5 indicators
4 or 5 (pink and red) indicate
communes where 4 or all 5 of the
indicators were below national mean
in that communes
Poverty Index 1999

Otdar
Otdar Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Stueng
Stueng Treng
Treng
Banteay
BanteayMean
Mean Chey
Chey
Rotanak
RotanakKiri
Kiri
Preah
Preah Vihear
Vihear
Siem
SiemReap
Reap
Battambang
Pailin
Pailin Battambang
Kampong
Kampong Thom
Thom
Kracheh
Kracheh
Mondol
Mondol Kiri
Kiri
Pursat
Pursat
Kampong
Kampong Chhnang
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong Cham
Cham
Kampong
Kampong Speu
SpeuPhnom
PhnomPenh
Penh
Koh
Koh Kong
Kong
Kandal
Kandal
Prey
PreyVeng
Veng
Svay
SvayRieng
Rieng
Takeo
Takeo
Kampot
Kampot
Krong
Krong Preah
Preah Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Poverty Index 1999-Across Cambodia
0
1
2
3
4
5
(24)
(115)
(345)
(532)
(454)
(146)
Krong
Krong Keb
Keb
Produced by the WFP VAM Unit, July 2001
Analysis of Poor Communes 2001
Otdar
Otdar Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Stueng
Stueng Treng
Treng
Banteay
BanteayMean
Mean Chey
Chey
Rotanak
RotanakKiri
Kiri
Preah
Preah Vihear
Vihear
Siem
SiemReap
Reap
Battambang
Pailin
Pailin Battambang
Kampong
Kampong Thom
Thom
Kracheh
Kracheh
Mondol
Mondol Kiri
Kiri
Pursat
Pursat
Kampong
Kampong Chhnang
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong Cham
Cham
Kampong
Kampong Speu
SpeuPhnom
PhnomPenh
Penh
Koh
Koh Kong
Kong
Kandal
Kandal
Prey
PreyVeng
Veng
Svay
SvayRieng
Rieng
Takeo
Takeo
Kampot
Kampot
Krong
Krong Preah
Preah Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Krong
Krong Keb
Keb
Poor Communes
Poor Acros 97/98/99/00 (70)
Poor Across 97/98/00 (198)
Poor across 2000
(89)
Produced by the WFP VAM Unit, July 2001
Guideline for Field Staff Assessment of
Poor Communes
• Participation (government and other agencies, …)
• Poor in agricultural production, market access, social
service accessibility, ...
• Change in accessibility to common property resources
• High amount of rice and cash debts
• Existence of development agencies
• High exposure to landmine and access to alternative income
generations
• Comparability of the assessment (national, provincial, …)
• Potential for development in the areas
Field Staff List of Poor Communes
Field Staff List
Field Staff YES (407)
Field Staff Maybe (7)
Field Staff No
(35)
Produced by the WFP VAM Unit, July 2001
Field Staff List and Analysis Results
Otdar
Otdar Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Stueng
Stueng Treng
Treng
Banteay
BanteayMean
Mean Chey
Chey
Rotanak
RotanakKiri
Kiri
Preah
Preah Vihear
Vihear
Siem
SiemReap
Reap
Battambang
Pailin
Pailin Battambang
Kampong
Kampong Thom
Thom
Kracheh
Kracheh
Mondol
Mondol Kiri
Kiri
Pursat
Pursat
Kampong
Kampong Chhnang
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong Cham
Cham
Kampong
Kampong Speu
SpeuPhnom
PhnomPenh
Penh
Koh
Koh Kong
Kong
Kandal
Kandal
Prey
PreyVeng
Veng
Svay
SvayRieng
Rieng
Field Staff List and Analysis Results
Takeo
Takeo
Kampot
Kampot
Krong
Krong Preah
Preah Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Field List No/Analysis Yes
Field List Yes/Analysis No
Field List Not Select/Analysis Yes
Field List Yes/Anaysis Yes
(940)
(198)
(262)
(216)
Krong
Krong Keb
Keb
Produced by the WFP VAM Unit, July 2001
Final WFP Targeting 2001

Otdar
Otdar Mean
Mean Chey
Chey
Preah
Preah Vihear
Vihear
Banteay
BanteayMean
Mean Chey
Chey
Rotanak
RotanakKiri
Kiri
Stueng
Stueng Treng
Treng
Siem
SiemReap
Reap
Pailin
Pailin
Battambang
Battambang
Kampong
Kampong Thom
Thom
Kracheh
Kracheh
Mondol
Mondol Kiri
Kiri
Pursat
Pursat
Kampong
Kampong Chhnang
Chhnang
Kampong
Kampong Cham
Cham
Koh
Koh Kong
Kong
Phnom
PhnomPenh
Penh
Kampong
Kampong Speu
Speu
Prey
PreyVeng
Veng
Final Target List 2001
Kandal
Kandal
Cluster One
Cluster T hree
Cluster T wo
Seila
Stand Alone
Svay
SvayRieng
Rieng
Kampot
Kampot
Krong
Krong Preah
Preah Sihanouk
Sihanouk
Takeo
Takeo
Flood
Mondolkiri
Mondolkiri Province Name
Krong
Krong Keb
Keb
Aoral
District Name
Province Boundary
Produced by the WFP VAM Unit April 2001
Major Target Beneficiaries Groups
• Chronically food insecure population and those
only recently emerging from long-term conflict
and isolation
• Vulnerable households and individuals: widows,
orphans
• Disaster victims
Major Outputs of Poverty Analyses
• Poverty index for 1,600 communes across 97, 98, 99 and 00
• Specific outputs on poverty in forest dependent communes
• Analysis of primary education sector
• Gender analysis of poverty and decision making at community level
• Baseline survey of the poor in chronically poor areas and civil
insecurity affected areas
• Link PPA to currently poor areas
• Food security and nutritional surveillance report (every four months)
• Analysis on fisheries dependent populations, AIDS affected, and
Urban poor during 2001.
• Database linked to maps of all major poverty information in
Cambodia