Transcript Kontakt
MCDHF approach
to CPT symmetries
in heavy atoms
Zakład Optyki
Jacek Bieroń
Atomowej
Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Instytut Fizyki
FAMO, Jurata, 26-28 IX 2006
MCDHF approach to CPT
symmetries in heavy atoms
Jacek Bieroń
Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Time reversal possibility is a fascinating story, not only for Faust. All, or better
almost all laws of Physics are symmetric: the time arrow can be inverted.
Physicist strongly believe in time-charge-parity (CPT) symmetry: inverting the
electrical charge, the parity (the left-right hand orientation and the time, the whole
Universe would be the same. (See this on last slide).
From experiments on beta decay in mid 50’ies we know that the charge parity is not
valid itself, from kaon decay we know that CP parity does not hold either. What about
time symmetry?
Here prof.. J. Bieron from Jagallonian Univeristy describes experiments in Atomic
Physics running at Gronningen University: if an atom with the dielectrically moment
existed, its presence would violate time reversal. We thank for the kind concession.
(comment by Grzegorz Karwasz).
Parity
Parity
CP and Time-reversal symmetry
• CP invariance was violated in neutral kaon system.
• T operation - connects a process with that obtained by running
backwards in time: reverses the directions of motion of all
components of the system.
• T symmetry: "initial state final state" can be converted to
"final state initial state" by reversing the directions of
motion of all particles.
CPT theorem
• Define product symmetries, like CP (parity and charge
conjugation) a system of antiparticles in the reverse-handed
coordinate system symmetry.
• Combined CPT symmetry is absolutely exact: for any process,
• its mirror image with antiparticles and time reversed
• should look exactly as the original CPT theorem.
• If any one individual (or pair) of the symmetries is broken, there
must be a compensating asymmetry in the remaining operation(s)
to ensure exact symmetry under CPT operation.
• The CPT symmetry was checked through the possible difference
in masses, lifetimes, electric charges and magnetic moments of
particle and antiparticles and was found to be exact down 10-19
(relative difference in masses).
C-symmetry violation
• C invariance was violated in weak interactions because parity
was violated, if CP symmetry was assumed to be preserved.
• Under C operation left-handed neutrinos should transform into
left-handed antineutrino, which was not found in nature.
However, the combined CP operation transforms left-handed
neutrino into right-handed antineutrino, which does exist.
Time reversal violation and the
Electric Dipole Moment
Why is EDM a TRV observable
J
d
time
time
EDM violates parity and time reversal
•QM: J//d
•any particle will do
• dn 0.6 10-27 em
• de < 1.6 10-29 em
• de (SM) < 10-39 em
•find suitable object
• Schiff
• need amplifier
• atomic (Z3)
• nuclear
• suitable structure
Consider all nuclides
Time reversal violation and EDM
TRV is possible in the SM__
CP or T violation in K0 K0
Vdx u,c,t
d
s
K0
W
_
s
__
K0
W
___
u,c,t
_
d
immeasurably small otherwise
extensions SM have much larger EDM
EDM tool for theory selection
slides with white background courtesy of Klaus Jungmann & Hans Wilschut (KVI)
Principle of EDM measurement
detection
-
precession
E
B
state
preparation
=
E
B
EDM Now and in the Future
NUPECC list
199Hg
1.610-27
•
•
Radium potential
Start TRIP
de (SM) < 10-37
Independent Particle Model
(
r
,
r
,
,
r
)
1
2
N
(rN)
(r1) (r2)
Central Field Approximation
(
r
)
(
r
)
(
r
)
1
2
N
radial
function
(
r
)
R
(
r
)
Y
(
,)
spherical function
Hartree-Fock equations
h
i
i
i
i
2
2
h
{
V
(
r
)}
i
i
i
i
2
m
Ze
e
j
i
r
r
i
ij
h
11
11
h22 22
h
i
i
i
i
(
r
)
(
r
)
(
r
)
1
2
N
2
2
Hyperfine structure
E
(
atom
)
(
nucl
)
B
(
el
)
magnetic dipole
V
(
el
)
E
Q
(
nucl
)
2
z
electric quadrupole
2
Relativistic correction
4f
4d
Rel. Non-Rel.
f - expansion
d - expansion
...
s - contraction
Non-Rel. Rel.
7s
3s
2s
1s
Corrections: radium vs lithium
Ra
1s 2 ...7s 2
Li
1s 2 2 s
CPT invariance by M. C. Escher
P
start
C
matter
mirror image
anti-particle
e+
T
anti-matter
time
identical
to start
time
particle
e-
From H.W. Wilschut
What ?
Transition rates and energies
Hyperfine struktures, isotope shifts
Schiff moments, PNC amplitudes
… and why?
Astrophysics, plasma physics, spectroscopy
„Benchmark” for chemistry
Nuclear structure, NMR
QED tests, time/frequency standards
P- (spatial inwersion) & T- (time reversal) violation
Thank you for your attention
Co-Producers (in alphabetical order)
Jacek Bieroń Uniwersytet Jagielloński (300-400)
Charlotte Froese Fischer Vanderbilt University (38)
Stephan Fritzsche Universität Kassel
Ian Grant University of Oxford (9)
Paul Indelicato l’Université Paris VI (41)
Per Jönsson Malmö Högskola
Pekka Pyykkö Helsingin Yliopisto (72)
Michel Godefroid Université Libre Bruxelles (100-150)
T-foils = thanks to Klaus Jungmann & Hans Wilschut (KVI)