Transcript YCC presentation

ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
16 July 2001
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des règles d'allumette-emballage
http://digilander.libero.it/collezioniamo/fiammiferi.htm
16 July 2001
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
DISCLAIMER: THIS IS ONLY MY INTERPRETATION OF
THE RACING RULES. YOU SHOULD READ THE
OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
http://www.sailing.org/rr2001/
http://www.ffvoile.org/FfvArbitrage/index.asp#
These are the links to the ISAF Racing Rules page.
You will also find a copy of the rules on the YCC web.
http://cern.web.cern.ch/CERN/Clubs/yachting/Racing_Rules/racing_rules.html
The 2001-2004 rules come into effect on 1st April 2001, with no “relevant”
modification wrt the previous edition.
DISCLAIMER: THE REGATTA INSTRUCTIONS ARE
THE OFFICIAL DOCUMENT FOR THE MATCH RACE.
HERE I GIVE MY UNOFFICIAL INTERPRETATION
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Racing – Normal Races
A boat is racing from her preparatory signal until she finishes and
clears the finishing line and marks or retires, or until the race
committee signals a general recall, postponement or abandon.
Warning
Class flag
1 sound
5 minutes or more
(stated in the
instructions)
Preparatory
P , I, Z, Z with I…
1 sound
4 minutes
One-Minute
Preparatory removed
1 long sound
1 minute
Starting
Class flag removed
1 sound
0
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Times shall be taken
from the visual signals;
the absence of a sound
signal should be
disregarded.
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Racing – YCC Match races 07/02
Attention
10 minutes
Class flag
1 gun
Preparatory
5 minutes
P displayed
1 horn
End pre-start
entry
1 minute
P removed
1 horn
Starting
Class flag removed
1 gun
Yngling
470
Laser
Class flags
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MatchRacing starting procedure
wind
Before the display of “P”
you must be on your side
of the pre-start zone.
Pre-start zone
While “P” is posted (4
min) you MUST enter the
pre-start zone from
outside.
Laser 4
470 3
Yngling 10
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Laser 1
470 2
Yngling 9
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Leeward and windward
The leeward side is the side that is (was) away from the wind (if she is head to
wind).
Wind
Leeward boat
Leeward boat
Windward boat
Windward boat
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Wind
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Tack, Starboard or Port
Wind
Starboard boat
Port boat
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Clear Astern
B
D is clear astern of A.
A is clear ahead of D.
B and C are NOT clear
astern of A.
A
C
D
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OVERLAP
Two boats OVERLAP when neither is clear astern.
B
A and C are overlapping.
A and B are NOT
overlapping.
A
C
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OVERLAP
Two boats OVERLAP when a boat between them overlaps both.
A
B
C
A and C are overlapped.
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OVERLAP: opposite tacks
When rule 18 applies, these definitions are also relevant for boats on
opposite tacks.
A
B
A and B are overlapped.
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Keep Clear
One boat keeps clear of another if the other can sail her course with no need to
take avoiding action.
Where the boats are overlapped on
the same tack, the leeward boat is
kept clear if she can change course
in both directions without
immediately making contact with
the windward boat.
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Proper course
The proper course is the course a boat would sail to finish as soon as
possible in the absence of other boats referred to in the rule using the
term. A boat has no proper course before her starting signal.
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Two length zone
The area around a mark or obstruction within a distance of two hulllengths of the boat nearer to it.
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Right of way
10: port boat shall
keep clear of
starboard boat.
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11: when boats are on
the same tack and
overlapped, a windward
boat shall keep clear of
a leeward boat.
YCC
12: when boats are on
the same tack and not
overlapped, a boat
clear astern shall keep
clear of a boat clear
ahead.
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Right of way
NO !
13: while tacking. After a boat passes head to
wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until
she is on a close-hauled course. During this
time rules 10, 11 and 12 do not apply.
Special for MR:
After the foot of the mainsail of a boat
sailing downwind crosses the centreline
she shall keep clear until her mainsail has
filled on the other tack.
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Avoiding contacts
14: A boat shall avoid contact with another
boat if reasonably possible. However a rightof-way boat
• need not act to avoid contact until it is clear
that the other boat is not keeping clear, and
•shall not be penalized under this rule unless
there is contact that causes damage.
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Acquiring right of way
NOOOO !!!
15: When a boat acquires right-of-way, she
shall initially give the other boat room to
keep clear, unless she acquires right-of-way
because of the other boat’s action.
Here TIMING is very important, as a
consequence of the word initially !
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Changing course
16.1 : When a right-of-way boat changes
course, she shall give the other boat room to
keep clear.
The red boat CANNOT LUFF ABRUPTLY.
Here TIMING is also important.
This rule and the previous one are very
important. They essentially say that you
CANNOT make a quick change of course
(when you acquire right-of-way or you
have it already ) and claim to room before
giving the other boat time and possibility
to react.
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Changing course
NO !!!!
16.2 : After the start, when boats are
crossing on opposite tacks, the starboard
boat shall not change course if as result the
port boat would immediately need to change
course to continue keeping clear.
The red boat CANNOT bear up forcing
the blue boat to tack !!!
This rule does not apply in match races
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On the same tack; proper course
17.1 : If a boat clear
astern becomes
overlapped within two
of her hull lengths to
leeward of a boat on
the same tack, she
shall not sail above
her proper course
while they remain
overlapped,
NO !!!!
unless in doing so
she promptly sails
astern of the other
boat.
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On the same tack; proper course
17.2 : Except on a beat to
windward, while a boat is less
than two hull lengths from a
leeward boat or a boat clear
astern steering a course to
leeward of her, she shall not sail
below her proper course unless
she gybes.
NO!!!!
This rule does not apply in
match races
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Rounding and passing marks
(obstructions) Rule 18
This applies when boats are about to round or pass a mark they are
required to leave on the same side, until they have passed it. It does not
apply
•at a starting mark from the time the boats are approaching to start until
they have passed,
•between two boats on opposite tacks, either on a beat to windward or when
the proper course for one or both of them to round or pass the mark is to
tack.
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Giving room; keep clear
18.2 a) When the boats are overlapped, the outside boat
shall give the inside boat room to pass the mark.
If the inside boat has right-of-way, the outside boat
shall also keep clear.
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Giving room; keep clear
18.2 b) When the boats are overlapped before either of
them reached the two-length zone and the overlap is
broken after one of them reached it, the boat that was
outside shall continue to give the other boat room.
If the outside boat
becomes clear astern or
overlapped inside the
other boat, she is not
entitled to room and shall
keep clear.
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Giving room; keep clear
18.2 c) If a boat is clear ahead at the time she reaches the
two-length zone, the boat clear astern shall thereafter keep
clear.
WIND
If the clear astern boat
becomes overlapped outside,
she shall also give the inside
boat room.
If the boat clear astern
becomes overlapped inside,
she is not entitled to room.
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Giving room; keep clear
18.2 c) Important exception:
Wind
If the boat that was clear ahead passes head to wind, rule
18.2 c) no longer applies.
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The blue boat cannot tack until the red has
tacked ! (Rule 13, keep clear while tacking)
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Giving room; keep clear
18.2 d) When rule 18 applies between two boats and the
right-of-way boat is changing course to round or pass a
mark, rule 16 (change of course) DOES NOT APPLY.
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Tacking at mark
18.3 If two boats are approaching a
mark on opposite tacks and one of them
completes a tack in the two-length zone
when the other is rounding the mark,
rule 18.2 does not apply. The boat that
tacked
• shall not cause the other boat to sail
above close-hauled to avoid her nor
prevent the other boat from passing the
mark,
• shall give room should the other boat
become overlapped inside her, in which
case rule 15 (acquiring right-of-way)
does not apply.
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Tacking at mark Match race
18.3 If two boats are approaching a
mark on opposite tacks and one of them
completes a tack in the two-length zone
to pass a mark, and thereafter the other
boat cannot by luffing avoid becoming
overlapped inside her, the boat that
tacked shall keep clear, and rules 15
and 18.2 do not apply.
If the other boat can by luffing avoid
becoming overlapped inside her, then
rule 18.2 c) shall apply as if the boats
were clear ahead and clear astern at the
two-length zone.
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Gybing at a Mark
18.4 When an inside-overlapped rightof-way boat must gybe at a mark to sail
her proper course, until she gybes she
shall sail no further from the mark than
needed to sail her course.
No !!!!!
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Room to tack at an obstruction
19.1 : When safety requires
a close-hauled boat to make
a substantial course change
and she intends to tack, but
cannot tack and avoid
another boat on the same
tack, she shall hail room to
do so. Before tacking she
shall give the hailed boat
time to respond. The hailed
boat shall either tack as
soon as possible or reply
“you tack” and give room.
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Miscellanea
A boat “repeating the start” shall keep clear.
A boat making a penalty shall keep clear.
A boat shall not deliberately interfere with a boat taking a penalty.
A boat not racing shall not interfere with a boat that is racing.
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PENALTIES
44.1: A boat that may have broken a rule of Part 2 (when boats meet) while
racing, may take a penalty at the time of the incident. Her penalty shall be a
720 deg. Turn Penalty unless the sailing instructions specify differently.
However if she caused serious damage or gained significant advantage in the
race or series by her breach she shall retire.
44.2: After getting well clear of other boats as soon after the incident as
possible a boat makes two complete turns in the same direction including
two tacks and two gybes.
This rule is modified for match races
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Touching a mark – Starting penalty
31.1: While racing a boat shall not touch a starting mark before starting, nor
a mark that begins, bounds or ends a leg of the course or a finishing mark
after finishing.
31.2: A boat that has broken rule 31.1 may, after getting well clear of other
boats as soon as possible, take a penalty by making a 360 deg. turn including
one tack and one gybe. When a boat takes the penalty after touching the
finishing mark, she shall sail completely to the course side of the finishing
line before finishing. This rule is modified for match races.
30.1 If flag “I” has been displayed before, with, or as a boat’s preparatory
signal, and any part of her hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of
the starting line during the minute before the start she shall sail to the prestart side of the line around either end before starting.
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Penalty in match races
C 7.2 a) When on a leg of the course to a windward mark, a boat shall gybe
and, as soon as reasonably possible, luff to a close-hauled course. When on a
leg of the course to a leeward mark or the finishing line, she shall tack and,
as soon as reasonably possible, bear away to a downwind course.
C 7.2 b) If a boat has one or two outstanding penalties and the other boat in
her match is penalized, one penalty for each boat shall be cancelled.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
Rule 60.1, Right to Protest and Request Redress
Question
Boats A, B and C are racing with others. After an incident, boat A hails and
displays her protest flag, but boat B neither retires nor takes a penalty. Later, B
protests a third boat, C, after a second incident. The protest committee hears A's
protest against B and disqualifies B. Does this disqualification invalidate B's
protest against C?
Answer
No. When a boat continues to race after an alleged breach of a rule, her rights and
obligations under the rules do not change. Consequently, even though A's protest
against B is upheld, B's protest against C is still valid and, when the protest
committee is satisfied from the evidence that C broke a rule, she must be
disqualified.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
S hailed PL as the two dinghies approached each
other on a collision course. PL then twice hailed
'water for starboard boat', but PW did not
respond. PL hailed a third time, and PW then
began to tack but S, now within three feet (1m) of
PL, had to bear away sharply to avoid a collision.
PW retired and S protested PL under rule 10. The
protest committee disqualified PL observing that,
not having had a timely response from PW, she
should have used her right to luff and forced PW
to tack. PL appealed.
Appeal upheld. Having hailed three times, PL was entitled to expect that PW would
respond and give her room to tack. She was not obliged to anticipate PW's failure
to comply with rule 19.1 or to bear away below the obstruction S. PL is exonerated
as the innocent victim of another boat's breach of a rule, under the provisions of
rule 64.1 b).
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
Two close-hauled boats on opposite tacks meet at a
windward mark to be left to starboard. S has
adequate room to tack and round the mark with
due allowance for wind and current but instead of
tacking, S holds her course with the intention of
forcing P to tack to keep clear. Can P disregard
rule 10 if she considers S to be sailing beyond her
proper course and to have sufficient room to
round the mark?
No; rule 10 applies. Rule 18.1 b) provides that the boats are not subject to rule 18;
thus when S chooses to hold her course, P must keep clear. While in certain
circumstances boats are prohibited from sailing below or above a proper course,
there is no rule that requires a boat to sail a proper course.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
After sailing alongside P for some time on port
tack, S gybes on to starboard tack without
breaking rule 15. Both boats continue to sail
parallel courses. About two minutes after S has
completed her gybe, she hails P and begins to luff;
the boats touch with no damage at position 3. Does
S hold right-of-way under rule 10, or does rule 15
still apply?
S, having completed her gybe, is the starboard-tack right-of-way boat under rule
10, and P as the port-tack boat is bound to keep clear. Rule 15 applies only briefly
after S becomes a right-of-way boat. After that, she may luff provided she complies
with rule 16.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
On a windward leg, P met S and sailed a course to cross ahead of S. S
bore away, displayed a protest flag, and hailed P her intent to protest.
Both boats were identical 27-foot keel boats, and the wind strength was
Force 3.
S protested under rule 10, stating that she had to bear away to avoid
colliding with P. The protest committee dismissed the protest by S,
stating that: 'The need to change course could not be substantiated by
the conflicting testimony of the two helmsmen.' S appealed.
In her own defence, P must present adequate evidence to establish either
that S did not change course or that P would have safely crossed ahead
of S and that S had no need to take avoiding action.
When, on all the evidence, a protest committee finds that S did not change course or
that there was not a genuine and reasonable apprehension of collision on her part,
it should dismiss her protest. When, however, it is satisfied that S did change
course, that there was reasonable doubt that P could have crossed ahead, and that S
was justified in taking avoiding action by bearing away, then P should be
disqualified.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
About 200 yards (200m) from the mark, L
established a leeward overlap on W from clear
astern. L was less than two of her hull lengths from
W. The two boats then sailed alongside each other,
about one-and-a-half hull lengths apart, until they
were 80 yards (80m) from the mark. At this point,
L luffed up slightly to lay the mark, a luff that did
not affect W. W, not sailing below her proper
course, maintained a steady course. L never
became clear ahead. W's boom touched L's
shroud, although without damage, and L protested
under rule 11. L's protest was dismissed, and she
was disqualified on the grounds that she had not
allowed W enough room to fulfil her obligation to
keep clear as required by rule 15. L appealed.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
Appeal upheld. When L established a leeward overlap from clear astern, W
became bound by rule 11 to keep clear of L. At the same time, L was bound
by rule 15 to allow W room to keep clear, but that obligation is not a
continuing one, and in this case the overlap had been in existence for a
considerable period during which nothing had obstructed W's room.
L was justified in changing course to approach the mark, provided that she
did not sail above her proper course; it is L's proper course that is the
criterion for deciding whether she broke rule 17.1. According to the agreed
diagram, L at no time sailed above her proper course. L was also subject to
rule 14, but since there was no damage, rule 14 did not affect her. W is
disqualified under rule 11, and L is reinstated.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
OL and IW were approaching a mark to be left to
starboard. The winds were light and there was a 2-knot
current in the same direction as the wind. IW, which had
sailed high on the course to the mark to offset the effect of
the current, approached it with the current, almost on a
run. OL, on the other hand, had been set to leeward and, at
position 1, about two hull-lengths from the mark, was beating slowly
against the current. IW twice hailed for water, and OL twice replied
'You can't come in here.' At the last moment shortly after position 3
in the diagram, as IW luffed to begin her passing manoeuvre, OL
tried to give her room but the two dinghies made contact. There was
no damage. OL protested under rule 11 but was herself disqualified
under rule 18.2 a). She appealed,
Appeal dismissed. The boats were about to leave the mark on the same side and
were on the same tack, and so rule 18 applied. The boats were overlapped at all
relevant times and therefore rule 18.2 a) applied, modifying rule 11. L's
disqualification is confirmed.
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ISAF RACING RULES FOR SAILING
As the two 14-foot dinghies manoeuvred before the
starting signal, they crossed the starting line. While
bearing away to return to the pre-start side, L, initially
the windward boat, assumed a leeward position by
sailing under W's stern. Immediately after position 4, L
luffed to close-hauled and sailed straight for the port
end of the line. W meanwhile, with sheets eased, sailed
along the line more slowly. At position 5, there was
contact, W's boom touching L's weather shroud. L
protested W under rule 11; W counter-protested under
rules 12 and 15.
The protest committee found that L had right-of-way under rule 11 from the time she
assumed a steady course until contact. W had enough room to keep clear, although she
would have had to cross the starting line prematurely to do so. Therefore, it dismissed W's
protest and upheld the protest by L. W appealed, this time citing rule 16.
Appeal dismissed. While rule 16 applied just after position 4, L's change of course to
windward did not affect W. Thereafter, while L was sailing a close-hauled course, rule 11
applied. W had enough room to keep clear but failed to do so. W's disqualification under
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rule 11
is upheld.
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