Transcript Chemistry 1010

Chemistry 1010
Acids and Bases
Molarity
The number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution
Molarity =
Moles of Solute
Liters of Solution
Acid
Anything that increases the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration
Anything that donates a proton (H+ ion)
H+ + H2O
HNO3
HBr
+
+
Acid

H 2O
H 2O
H3O+
 H3O+

H3O+
NO3-
+
+
Br-
Base
Anything that increases the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration
Base – substance that can accept a proton
Direct – OH- is contained in the base
NaOH + H2O  Na+ + OH-
+
Indirect – OH- is produced in the reaction
NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-
H2O
Strong acid/Base
Is completely converted to
ions in water
Weak acid/Base
Is partially converted to ions
in water
Strong and Weak
Acids
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + ClHCN + H2O  H3O+ + CN-
Bases
K+ + OHKOH 
NH3 + H2O  NH4+
+ OH-
One Way or Two Way Arrow
O
Properties of Acids
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•
Turn Litmus indicator red
Taste Sour
Dissolve active metals
Produce CO2 when added to limestone
React with bases to form a salt and water
Properties of Bases
•
•
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Turn Litmus indicator blue
Taste bitter
Feel Slippery
React with acids to form a salt and water
Common Acids and Bases
Acids
Vinegar
Tomatoes
Citrus Fruits
Carbonated Pop
Gastric Fluid
Vitamin C
Aspirin
Bases
Ammonia
Baking Soda
Soap
Detergents
Oven Cleaners
Lye
Drain Cleaners
Acids to know
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•
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HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
HC2H3O2
Hydrochloric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Nitric Acid
Acetic Acid
Bases to know
• Alkali metal Hydroxides
– LiOH
– NaOH
– KOH
• NH3
Lithium Hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide
Potassium Hydroxide
Ammonia
Neutralization
Any time you react an acid with a base
you get a salt and water
HCl
+
NaOH
Acid
HNO3

base
+
LiOH
NaCl
salt

LiNO3
+
H2O
water
+ H2O
Self ionization
H2O + H2O  H3O+ + OH-
PH Scale
Neutral
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Acidic
Basic
Ways to determine pH
• Taste
• Litmus Paper
• PH strips
• Indicators
• pH meter
• Acids react with metals or carbonates
Titration Experiment
• How do you know how much acid is in a
solution…..........
………How about Taste It?