Transcript Translation Practice, Geography Review Recitation #1

Comparing Adjectives
Regular and Irregular Forms
LFA 61 and 64
Dec. 9-15, 2014
3 Degrees of Adjectives!
• Positive: long, high, strong
• Comparative: longer, higher, stronger
• Superlative: longest, highest, strongest
How to make comparatives
• Add –ior for M/F, add –ius for N
• longior, longius: longer
• altior, altius: higher
• fortior, fortius: stronger
How to make superlatives
• Add –issimus
• Longissimus: longest
• Altissimus: highest
• Fortissimus: strongest
There are always…exceptions 
• Adjectives that end in –er form their
superlatives by adding –RIMUS instead of –
issimus
• celer, celeris, celere CELERRIMUS
• acer, acris, acre ACERRIMUS
One more exception!
• The adjectives similis, dissimilis, facilis,
difficilis, gracilis, and humilis add –LIMUS
instead of –issimus for the superlative
• similis, simile: SIMILLIMUS (most similar)
Using Comparatives in Latin
#1
• The man is stronger than the boy.
• Vir est fortior quam puer.
• Comparative + quam…the 2nd noun being
compared is in the same case as the 1st noun.
Using Comparatives in Latin
#2
• Vir est fortior puero.
• Comparative + ablative… no “quam” is used,
just put the 2nd noun in the ablative case.
This is called the “ablative of comparison.”
Declining Adjectives
• See page 423 of your book for how adjectives
decline.
• Comparative adjectives –ior and –ius decline
like 3rd declension nouns (see next slide)
• Superlative adjectives –issimus, -issima,
-issimum decline like 1st and 2nd declension
nouns.
altus, -a, -um
altior, altius
altissimus, -a, -um
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M/F (sg.)
altior
altioris
altiori
altiorem
altiore
N (pl.)
altius
altioris
altiori
altius
altiore
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M/F (pl.)
altiores
altiorum
altioribus
altiores
altioribus
N (pl.)
altiora
altiorum
altioribus
altiora
altioribus
Comparing Adjectives Practice
(turn in to box)
• Write the positive, comparative, and
superlative forms (Latin and English) for the
following adjectives:
• gratus
• nobilis
• clarus
• levis
• longus
Irregular Adjectives
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English has irregular adjectives:
Good, better, best
NOT good, gooder, goodest
Latin has irregular adjectives, too!
THESE ARE YOUR VOCABULARY WORDS FOR
THIS SECTION: BE SURE TO COPY AND STUDY
THEM!
Irregular Adjectives
• bonus, -a, -um
• good
• melior, melius
• better
• optimus, -a, -um
• best
• English derivatives:
– ameliorate
– optimist
Irregular Adjectives
• malus, -a, -um
• bad
• peior, peius
• worse
• pessimus, -a, -um
• worst
• English derivatives:
– pejorative
– pessimist
Irregular Adjectives
• magnus, -a, -um
• big, great
• maior, maius
• bigger, greater
• maximus, -a, -um
• biggest, greatest
• Engish derivatives:
– major
– maximum
Irregular Adjectives
• parvus, -a, -um
• small
• minor, minus
• smaller
• minimus, -a, -um
• smallest
• English derivatives:
– minor
– minimum
Irregular Adjectives
• multus, -a, -um
• much, many
• plus (nom.), pluris
(gen.) + genitive
noun
• more
• plurimus
• most, very many
How “Plus” Works
• Plus is a neuter noun. It takes a genitive.
• More food = plus cibi (lit., “more of food”)
• More money = plus pecuniae (lit., “more of
money”)
Additional Vocab:
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extremus, -a, -um: farthest, last, end of
inferior, inferius: lower
proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next (w./dative)
summus, -a, -um: highest, top of
ulterior, ulterius: farther
ultimus, -a, -um: farthest