Transcript Plant Cells - Breaking Down Bio

Plant Cells
FLASHBACK
Are plants eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
What does eukaryotic mean?
Parts of a Plant Cell
cell wall
Golgi vesicles
ribosome
smooth ER
nucleolus
nucleus
rough ER
Large central vacuole
amyloplast
cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
vacuole
membrane
raphide crystal
druse crystal
mitochondrion
cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Surrounds the plasma
membrane
3 layers
Middle Lamella
Primary Wall
Secondary Wall
Middle Lamella
1st layer formed
Outer wall of the cell
Shared by adjacent cells
and cements them
together
Primary Cell Wall
INDSIDE middle lamella
Rigid skeleton of cellulose
microfibrils in a gel-like
matrix of pectic and
cellulose compounds.
Contains everything that
is located between plasma
membrane and the cuticle
Primary Cell Wall Functions
Structural & mechanical
support
Maintain cell shape
Resist turgor pressure
Control rate and
direction of growth
Carbohydrate storage
Cell-cell interactions
Secondary Wall
Formed after cell enlargement is completed.
Extremely rigid
Contains lignin- brown phenolic polymer
Present in trees and shrubs
Plasmodesmata
Small passages that
penetrate all layers of the
cell wall
Pathways for transporting
cytoplasmic molecules
Plasma (cell) Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Sandwich modelphospholipid layers
sandwiched between
protein layers
Embedded glycoproteins
Water permeable
Not permeable to molecules
and ions by simple diffusion
Gatekeeper for the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Stack of flattened
membrane-bound sacs
Storage, modification,
and secretion of proteins
and lipids
Lipids and proteins can be
used within the cell or
destined to leave the cell
Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Located in the central vacuole
Potentially toxic
Raphide crystals-pointy and needle like
Druse crystals-faceted
Mitochondrion
Membrane-bound
organelle
“power house” of
the cell
Respiration takes
place here.
Golgi vesicle
Membrane bound
Buds from Golgi
apparatus
Contain proteins
Fuse with membrane and
discharge contents in a
process called exocytosis
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Composed of small sub
unit, large sub unit, and
central groove.
ER
Smooth ER
Membrane bound system
of folded sacs
Provides a membrane
surface where a variety of
complex carbohydrates
and lipids, including
phospholipids are
synthesized
Detoxifies toxic
substances
Rough ER
Attached ribosomes
Nucleolus
Where rna is synthesized
Nucleus
Membrane bound
Where chromatin is
stored
Large Central Vacuole
Large membrane bound sac
Stores water, salts, pigments, and potentially toxic
molecules.
Helps maintain rigidity
Others
Amyloplast- a membrane-bound organelle made of
layers of starch
Lysosome- membrane-bound organelle containing
hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes
Peroxisome- a membrane-bound organelle that
contains specific enzymes imported from cytosol (e.g.
catalase)
Chloroplast Intro
Membrane bound organelle
Site of photosynthesis
CELL CITY
Take 15
Endosymbiont Theory
Chloroplasts and mitochondria house their own DNA.
It is possible to track lineage through chloroplasts and
mitochondria.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own
phospholipid membrane.
Endosymbiont Theory
Scientists believe that plant and animal cells acquired
chloroplasts and mitochondria through the process of
symbiogenesis
Symbiogenesis is acquiring cells or dna from other
organisms.
In other words: