Transcript Document

The Internet
How it works, Why it works, Who
makes it work?
Lynn St.Amour
President & CEO
Internet Society (ISOC)
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
ISOC
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Created in 1991 by Internet Pioneers
Based in Reston, VA and Geneva, Switzerland
Not-for-profit, international organisation
Purpose: Educational, Charitable, Scientific
Open International Membership organisation
– global individual members - 20,000 +
• access is free, registration not necessary but encouraged
– local chapters - 60 + with another 20 in formation
– organisation members -150 +
• Organization members fund activities in:
Standards, Education, and Public Policy
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Society (ISOC)
Mission Statement
"To assure the open development, evolution
and use of the Internet for the benefit of all
people throughout the world."
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Society Purposes and Goals
• Facilitate Open Development of standards, protocols,
administration and technical Infrastructure of the Internet
• Provide Education and research related to the Internet
• Participate in activities at international levels to facilitate the
development and availability of the Internet
• Collect and disseminate information related to the Internet
• Assist technologically developing countries in implementing
and evolving an Internet infrastructure
• Liaise with other organisations, governments and the general
public to meet the above purposes
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Society Guiding Principles
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Open, unencumbered, beneficial use of the I’Net
Self-regulated content providers
On-line unrestricted free expression
Open development of I’Net standards & technology
No discrimination in use of the Internet
Personal information on I’Net not to be misused
Encrypted communication without restriction.
Encouragement of cooperation between networks.
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
ISOC - Areas of Focus
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Support for Standards (IETF)
Transfer of technical knowledge
Education in emerging countries
Public Policy Education (rooted in technical
principles)
• Building active global community of
knowledgeable members & chapters
• Recently, manage a gTLD (.org)
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
ISOC and Public Interest Registry (PIR)
(www.pir.org)
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ISOC won bid to manage .ORG TLD
Open registry focused on non-commercial entities
Created PIR to be an exemplary registry
PIR is not for profit
Surpluses go to ISOC programs in support of the
Internet
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
ISOC Programs
• Support continuing evolution of Internet as
a research, education and communication
infrastructure
• Provide education concerning the
technology, use and application of the
Internet
• Stimulate and facilitate effective use of the
Internet
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Education and Internet Policy
• Increase of competence through technology transfer
– workshops, publications, conferences,briefings
• Public awareness of Internet Policy issues
– support for decision makers: government, industry, civil
society, individuals
• Open access to educational material
• Community building - global, international chapter
and member network
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Standards Process
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Structure
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
The IETF
(www.ietf.org)
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Internet Engineering Task Force
Formed 1986 - 19 years ago
Produces Standards
ISOC is ‘corporate & funding’ home
Cooperates with other standards groups
Individuals not companies or governments
Runs on: “rough consensus and running code”
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Organization of the IETF
Internet
Society
IAB
IRTF
IESG
IANA
IANA
area
RFC
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area
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IESG/IAB
• Internet Engineering & Steering Group
– multi-disciplinary technical review group
– process management and RFC (Standards) approval
– ISOC funds RFC Editor, but independent entity
• Internet Architecture Board
– chartered and funded by ISOC
– provides overall architectural advice
– liaison function to external organisations
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IANA
• Internet Assigned Number Authority
• Based at ICANN
• Maintains unique Internet parameters
– IETF protocol numbers
– IP addresses (allocated to RIRs)
– Domain names (delegated to TLD registries)
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
RFC Editor
• Publication and maintenance of all IETF
documents:
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Internet Drafts
Best Current Practices
Proposed Standards
Draft Standards
Internet Standards
• Funded by ISOC
• Requests for publications from IESG and
individuals
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IETF Standards
• Standards really when people use them
• Emphasis is on ‘running code’ and ‘rough
consensus’
• All IETF documents open & free of charge
• Coordination of over 100 working groups
organised into 8 areas
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IETF - Liaisons
• Liaisons with:
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3GPP
ATM Forum
Global Grid Forum
IEEE
ISO
ITU-T
W3C
• Informal co-operation with many other
organisations
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ISOC
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Internet Coordination
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
ISOC and Internet Coordination
• Internet is becoming a mass medium
• Internet is 10’s of 1,000’s of interconnected
networks, not a single entity
• Internet evolution depends on consensusbased, open, accessible coordination processes
• Reflexive pressure on governments to regulate
• ISOC dedicated to ensuring open development,
evolution and use of the Internet
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Coordination Processes
• Coordination required at three main levels:
– Agreement on Internet standards
• IETF, W3C, IEEE, etc.
– Allocation of Internet resources
• ICANN, RIRs, Root Servers, TLD registries etc.
– Defining policies preventing misuse
• all of the above, with Governments & policy makers
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
What works quite well today
• The Internet Coordination Model as a whole, specifically
technical aspects of Internet. Proof is it’s growth and
stability.
• Bottom-up, consensus-based, transparent, open, selfregulating processes
• Internet Coordination model evolves in response to local
needs with active support of existing Internet
community, examples are LACNIC, AfriNIC,
UAENIC’s activities,etc.
• Facilitates participation (& innovation) of users globally
• InternetCoordination Model allows flexibility and rapid
response to community requirements.
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
What needs more focus
• There are a number of areas that need further
discussion between various parties: Governments,
Private Sector, Civil Society, Internet Community,
Legal and Regulatory authorities,etc.
– Inequality of resources - some perceived, some real
– Concerted efforts to improve access to all Internet
processes for all interested communities
– Education
– Security
– Crime (No distinction between Cybercrime and crime)
– Copyright
– Spam
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Governance
• Standards and resource coordination groups are not
the groups to determine appropriate coordination of
policies around misuse of the Internet, censorship,
Intellectual property issues, etc.
• Many issues currently confronting the Internet are
with the uses of the Internet and are national and
trans-national (ex. Crime), and the organizations exist
today to determine and manage appropriate policies.
• We know that the Internet is not a single entity (to be
‘governed’), instead the most benefit to all people of
the world will be to improve practices and policies in
the “uses of the Internet” -- through collaboration.
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INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Collaborative Internet Coordination
• We should apply the same principles - that have helped the
Internet develop - to ALL areas of Internet Coordination,
technical and policy.
• Open consensus-based processes are strengthened through
broad cooperation and increased participation.
• Cooperation clearly extends beyond Internet community to
include Governments, Private sector, Civil Society, many
existing IGO’s, etc.
• New models of cooperation should complement, not
replace or add additional overhead to current processes.
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Wrap-up/conclusion
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No one can do it alone
No one organization can do it alone
ISOC supports evolution based on experience
ISOC supports the establishment of an open forum
to continue the evolution of coordination models
• ISOC cautions against applying yesterday’s
models and mechanisms to the Internet today and
in the future
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
BACK-UP SLIDES
May 8th, 2005
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ISOC and Internet Standards
• ISOC is the organizational home of the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• ISOC provides funding for the RFC Editor
function, etc.
• ISOC holds copyrights on RFC’s
• Standards process open to all - no barriers
to participation
• Standards documents (RFCs) are free!
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IETF: Next Level
• 130+ working groups (WG’s) at any one time
• 8 areas (for organizational convenience) with Area directors
(AD’s)
– APS, GEN, INT, O&M, RTG, SEC, SUB, TSV
• No “members”, no explicit voting
• 1.5K - 2K at 3/year meetings, 1,000’s mail lists
• Mgmt: IESG (ADs, chosen by comm’y)
• Architectural guidance & liaisons: IAB
• Internet Research Task Force: IRTF
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
(www.iab.org)
• Provides overall architectural advice
– to IESG, IETF & ISOC
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Advises IESG on IETF WG formation
Deals with IETF external liaisons
Appoints IRTF chair
Selects IETF-IANA
Oversees RFC Editor
Hosts workshops
Chartered & funded by ISOC
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
(www.irtf.org)
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Anti-Spam
Authentication Authorization Accounting Architecture
Crypto Forum
Delay-Tolerant Networking
End-to-End
Group Security
Internet Measurement
Network Management
NameSpace
Peer-to-Peer
Routing
Searchable Internet Resource Names
– Services Management
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
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Internet Assigned Number Authority
(www.iana.org)
Assigns parameters
– Protocol numbers
– IP addresses
• mostly delegated to IP Address registries
– Domain names
• delegated to DNS name registries
• Functions split with the creation of ICANN
– independent corporation to take over IANA functions
– contract with US government
– now IETF-IANA and non-IETF-IANA
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Internet Engineering Steering Group
(www.iesg.org)
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IETF process management & approval body
Composed of AD’s + IETF Chair
Approve creation of WG’s
Review & approve publication of IETF
documents
– reviews and comments on non-IETF submissions
• Multi-disciplinary technical review group
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IETF Working Groups
(www.ietf.org)
• Where the IETF primarily gets its work done
• WG focused by charter agreed between chair
and area director
– restrictive charters with milestones
– working groups closed when their work is done
• charter approved by IESG with IAB advice
• AD with IESG has final say on charter &
chair(s)
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IETF Working Groups
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no formal voting
can do show of hands or hum - but no count
does not require unanimity
disputes resolved by discussion
mailing list and face-to-face meetings
final decisions must be verified on mailing list taking into
account face-to-face discussion
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IETF Documents
• All open
• Internet-Drafts
– anyone can submit - “expire” in 6 months
– some I-Ds are working group documents
• RFCs (stands for “RFC”)
– archival publications (never changed once published)
– different types: (not all RFCs are standards!)
• informational, experimental, BCP, standards track, historic
• 3-step standards track
– Proposed Standard, Draft Standard, Internet Standard
• Interoperability not conformance
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
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RFC Overview
(www.rfc-editor.org)
‘RFC’ used to
stand for Request for Comments
– now just a name
– tend to be more formal documents than early RFCs
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IETF document publication series
RFC 1 Host Software - Apr 7 1969
now over 3400 RFCs
not all RFCs are standards!
– see RFC 1796
– though some vendors imply otherwise
• Many types of RFCs
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Standards Track RFCs:
• Best Current Practices (BCP)
– generally policies or procedures (best way we know how)
• Proposed Standard (PS)
– good idea, no known problems
• Draft Standard (DS)
– stable
– multiple interoperable implementations
– note IPR restriction
• Internet Standard (STD)
– wide use
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IETF and 3GPP standards
• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) conforms
to IETF standards
• 46 IETF dependencies for 3GPP release 5
• 3GPP has not modified IETF standards
• IETF has modified standards to handle
mobile-specific issues
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
IPR / Patents
• IETF IPR rules in RFC 2026 Section 10
• Working on clarifying these rules - IPR WG
• Current IETF rules
– require disclosure* of own IPR in
• own submissions
• submissions of others
* “reasonably and personally” known IPR
• WG takes IPR into account when choosing
technology
• Push from open source people for Royalty Free (RF)
only process
– consensus to not change to RF-only
– but WGs tend to want RF or IPR-free
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt
Copyright
• Author(s) need to give publication rights to
ISOC (IETF) if to be published at all
….but authors retain most rights
• Mandatory ID boilerplate statement
• IPR WG will clarify copyright rules also
– draft of changes about to be given IETF LastCall
May 8th, 2005
INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt