Transcript Active learning - South East Asian Review

Developing a Pedagogy for Active learning
PAL
by
Willard Van De Bogart
“Expanding Visions in ELT”
Thammasat University - June 8, 2009
Table of Contents
• Brief History of Active learning in
Thailand
• Brief History of Learning Theory
• Definitions of Active Learning
• Cognitivism and Active Learning
• Using Active learning in the
Classroom
• Designing a Pedagogy for Active
Learning
• What the future holds
National Education Act
An Education Reform Act for Future
Development of the Thai People 1999
Improve efficiency and
effectiveness in learning.
Encourage students to
become critical and develop
critical thinking skills.
Acquire facility with
information technologies.
Develop a “student-centered”
learning approach.
Make “online learning” the
technology of choice for the
Thai higher education
system.
Internet based course development 2003 – 2009
By Ajarn Willard Van De Bogart
• An on-line course on
"How to Help Thai
Students Develop Ideas
and Express Opinions"
• Search Strategies in the IT
and Internet Era
• Internet Based Learning
with ESL
• On-line active learning
strategies
Faculty of Humanities and Social sciences
Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University
2nd Semester - Academic year 2550-1
• Course: Active Learning
• Subject: Advanced
Communicative English
• Program: Bachelor of
Education
• Teacher: Ajarn Willard Van De
Bogart
MONTANA-THAILAND ACTION LEARNING NETWORK
Suratthani
Nakhon Sawan
Suan Dusit
Phranakhon
Showcase: Active Learning Classroom
1st International Conference on Active Learning &Teaching
To exhibit and demonstrate best practices and creative based learning and
teaching pedagogy.
Learning Theories
SCHEMATA:
knowledge structures
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SENSATION
IMAGES
SIGHTS, SOUNDS
FEELINGS
ACTIONS
IDEAS
Etc…
Jean Piaget (18961980)
KNOWLEDGE IS “CONSTRUCTED”
BY THE LEARNER
• Knowledge exists in the mind of the
learner.
• Every learner is different.
• Every learner’s mental schemes are
different.
• Knowledge cannot be transmitted as a
whole.
• Knowledge must be built up by the learner
on the basis of experience.
Maria MONTESSORI
Method of education is characterized by
emphasis in self directed activity.
CYLINDER BLOCKS – SERIATION
Childhood – Spacial Intelligence
Children direct their own learning
Howard Gardner
LEV VYGOTSKY
Russian
Psychologist
(1896-1934)
“Zone of Proximal Development”
“What the learner can do with a teacher’s
assistance but cannot do alone.”
• What does the Learner already know?
• Use assessment of find out.
• Growth occurs at the edge.
• What is the learner ready for next?
Michael Brody - Active Teaching, Learning and Assessment
Student centered
Raising student motivation
Organizing the classroom
Stimulating Thinking
Beyond facts and details
What is active learning?
There are 1,870,000 citations for active learning on Google
Definition of Active learning
• Active Learning refers to techniques where
students do more than simply listen to a
lecture. Students are doing something
including discovering, processing, and
applying information (McKinney 2007 ).
• Processing and Applying Information.
Definition of Active learning
• Active Learning attempts to model the methods
and mindsets which are at the heart of scientific
inquiry, and to provide opportunities for students
to connect abstract ideas to their real world
applications and acquire useful skills, and in so
doing gain knowledge that persists beyond the
course experience in which it was acquired
(Allen & Tanner 2003).
• Connect Abstract Ideas
Definition of Active learning
• Active Learning is comprised of a student
centered environment which raises
student’s motivational level to stimulate
thinking and go beyond facts and details
(Brody 2009).
• Stimulate Thinking.
Definition of Active learning
• Construct interesting “problem spaces”
that serve to really engage the learner’s
interest, and, hence, to motivate them in
ways that are authentic
(Carson 2009).
• Motivate the students.
Cognitivism and Active Learning
Active Learning Techniques in the Classroom
Terminology:
Cognitive Strategy
Cognitive Domains
Meta Cognition
Scaffolding
Pair Share
Cooperative
Collaborative
Active
Reflective
“COGNITIVE TOOLS
MEDIATE THOUGHT”
Perception organizes visual
data
Cognitive Domains
KNOWLEDGE TYPES
What the mind sees
• Our cultural systems are not made
of absolute truths.
• Our cultural systems are made from
different types of knowledge.
Empirical
Psychomotor
Conventional Affective
Rational
Narrative
Conceptual
Received
Cognitive Routines
1st Cognitive Strategy Activators
Oriented Strategies –
Attention is drawn to a
task
Elaboration – Expand
target information by
adding to it.
Transformation –
Convert information to be
more easily understood.
Mnemonics – Relate a
word or phrase to the
information
Meta Cognition
2nd Active Learning Techniques
Individuals:
Minute Papers
Writing Activities
Muddiest Point
Affective Response
Daily journal
Reading quiz
Concept Maps
Poster/Drawing/Display
Scaffolding
Active Learning Techniques
Individual: Scaffolding
Oriented Strategies –
Attention is drawn to a task
Elaboration – Expand taget
information by adding to it.
Transformation – Convert
information to be more
easily understood.
Mnemonics – Relate a word
or phrase to the information
Concept Maps – Mind Mapping
Concept mapping
Active Learning Techniques
Group:
Think-pair-share
Brainstorming
Games
Debates
Student do Teaching
Jig-saw
Demonstrations
Active Learning Technique
Group: Think Pair Share - OH Cards
OH Cards
He was ashamed talking about
his habit with people who were
joyful .
Before the Pedagogy
Increase student participation
Increase student engagement
Increase student retention
More student ownership in course
Less lecturing by instructor
• Specific type of
social learning by a
specific type of
communication
More exciting classroom
experience
Higher level thinking
Pedagogy for Active Learning
PAL
• Step one:
Design a cognitive routine
• Step two:
Select an active learning
technique
• Step three:
Build the lesson using
Cognitive Analogies
• Step four:
Design an evaluation and
testing format.
Developing Cognitive Routines
• Utilize a person’s
memory.
• Demand the use of
inductive reasoning.
• Require quickness of
response.
• Use mentally
stimulating suggestions.
• Puzzles of all kinds.
• Board games and card
games.
• Reading and writing.
The Future of Learning
• Universal Libraries
• Natural Language
Search engines
• Decision search
engine
Natural Language Search Engine
• Search engine
Strategies
• Ability to ask a
question:
• What is the
circumference of the
earth?
Natural Language Search Engine
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Unit conversions:
24 901.47 miles
4.007504x10^7 meters
21 638.79 nmi (nautical miles)
0.1336759 light seconds
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Corresponding quantity:
Light travel time t in vacuum
from t=x/c:\n | 134 ms
(milliseconds)
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Choose
Find
Locate
Refine
Organize
Think
Repeat
Write
Dedicated E-book Readers
• Dedicated readers – about
100,000
• Palm devices – 6,000,000
• PC’s – hundreds of millions
• “For people accustomed to
reading text on a computer
for hours at a time, e-book
screen clarity is a non-issue.”
• 20 hours of video are uploaded
every minute on
You tube.
Education – Global Search Engines
Universities Colleges
Schools
Real-time
Engineering
Science
Business
3 Ls of Learning
1. Face-to-Face Lectures
2. Virtual Labs
3. Universal Digital Library
Information Modeling
Adult – Spacial Inteligence
Relevance
Relationships
Connectivity
Mapping
Linking
Inference
3-D Visualization of text
Adulthood– Spacial Inteligence
Extrapolate
Inference
Visualize text fields
Concept weighting
The Road Ahead
Brilliant
Nanosystems
Emulating Human
Performance:
See, Hear, Talk, and “Think”
Rich
Knowledge
Content
Expert Systems
Medium
Data Analysis
Poor
SuperHumans
Scientific
Calculations
Evolution