Transcript Буфетов И. А. Непрерывные рамановские во

Bi-doped Fiber Lasers:
Opportunities and Challenges
E. M. Dianov
Fiber Optics Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
38 Vavilov str., Moscow 119333, Russia.
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Outline
• Introduction
• Spectroscopic properties of Bi-doped glasses
and optical fibers
• Bi-doped fiber lasers (1140-1215nm)
• Bi-doped fiber lasers (1300-1500 nm)
• Nature of Bi-related luminescent centers
• Conclusion
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Волоконные лазеры
активный волоконный
световод
LD
Блок накачки
с волоконным выходом
1 кВт
внутриволоконные решетки
Преимущества:
показателя преломления
• эффективность (более 30%)
• качество пучка
• надежность и простота в эксплуатации
• размеры и вес
рынок волоконных лазеров в 2007 году - 240106 долларов США
ожидается удвоение рынка в 2011 году
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Spectral regions of the existing fiber
lasers
Yb3+
Nd3+
Er3+
Tm3+
Ho3+
800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Wavelength, nm
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Transmission and luminescence spectra of Bidoped silica glass (Fujimoto and Nakatsuka, 2001)
100
Intensity, a.u.
80
pump at 500 nm
pump at 700 nm
pump at 800 nm
60
40
20
97.5SiO2-2.2Al2O3-0.3Bi2O3
0
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Wavelength, nm
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Luminescence properties of various Bi-doped
materials
N
Composition (mol%)
λp (nm)
λe (nm)
FWHM
(nm)
τ (μs)
References
1
96GeO2 – 3Al2O3 – 1Bi2O3
800
1300
320
255
M.Peng et al., 2004
63SiO2-23Al2O3-13Li2O-1Bi2O3
700
800
900
1100
1250
1100
1350
250
450
500
808
980
1280
1155
355
250
530
800
980
690
1150
1270
1125
70GeS2-9.5Ga2S3- 20KBr-0.5Bi2O3
808
1230
RbPb2Cl5:Bi crystal
633
808
919
1080
2
3
50SiO2-30GeO2-15MgO-5Al2O3-1Bi2O3
4
59P2O5-12B2O3-15La2O3-6Al2O3-17Li2O1Bi2O3
5
6
100
290
550
Suzuki and Ohishi,
2006
J.Ren et al., 2007
4
B.Denker et al.,
2007
220
290
G.Yang et al., 2007
~150
140
A. Okhrimchuk et
al., 2008
• lp, le – pump and emission peak wavelengths, t – lifetime of Bi luminescence.
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The first low loss Bi-doped optical fibers:
V.V.Dvoyrin et al., (FORC, ICHPS), ECOC’2005
T.Haruna et al., (Sumitomo), OAA’2005
Compositions of fabricated fibers and
their absorption spectra (FORC)
#
1
Core glass composition, mol.% Bi concentration, at.%, Loss at 1000
and doping
nm, dB/m
technique
SiO2-1Al2O3-6.6GeO2-4.2P2O5
<0.02, solution
10000
#5
0.2
4
5
SiO2-15Al2O3-1.2GeO2
SiO2-3.3Al2O3
<0.02, solution
0.15, solution
2.1
≈20
17
SiO2-5Al2O3-0.8GeO2
<0.02, vapor
2.2
25
SiO2-2Al2O3
<0.02, vapor
1.06
33
SiO2-5Al2O3
<0.02, solution
1.8
Optical loss, dB/m
1000
#33
100
#25
10
1
#430
0.1
400
430 75GeO2-19SiO2-5Ta2O5-1P2O5
8
<0.02, vapor
~0.02
600
800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Wavelength, nm
FORC
Compositions of fabricated fibers and
their luminescence spectra
Core glass composition, mol.% Bi concentration,
at.%, and
doping
technique
Loss at
1000 nm,
dB/m
1
SiO2-1Al2O3-6.6GeO2-4.2P2O5 <0.02, solution
0.2
4
SiO2-15Al2O3-1.2GeO2
<0.02, solution
2.1
5
SiO2-3.3Al2O3
0.15, solution
≈20
<0.02, vapor
2.2
17 SiO2-5Al2O3-0.8GeO2
25 SiO2-2Al2O3
<0.02, vapor
1.06
1.0
Luminescence intensity, a.u.
#
0.6
0.4
<0.02, solution
430 75GeO2-19SiO2-5Ta2O5-1P2O5 <0.02, vapor
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1.8
a)
0.2
0.0
0.8
#1
#4
# 430
0.6
0.4
b)
0.2
0.0
600
33 SiO2-5Al2O3
#1
#4
0.8
700
800
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Wavelength, nm
~0.02
FORC
Luminescence spectra of Bi-doped silica glass and MCVD
fibers pumped at 800 nm.
Sumitomo
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Bi-doped fiber lasers (1140-1215 nm)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
11
E.M.Dianov et al. “CW bismuth fiber laser”, Quant. Electron. 2005;
OFC’2006
E.M.Dianov et al. “Yellow frequency-doubled bismuth fiber laser”,
ECOC’2006
V.V.Dvoyrin et al. “Yb-Bi pulsed fiber laser”, Opt.Lett., 2007.
A.A.Krylov et al., “A mode-locked Bi-doped fiber laser”, OFC’2007.
E.M.Dianov et al. “High-power CW bismuth fiber laser”, OFC’2007, JOSA B,
2007.
I.Razdobreev et al. “Efficient all-fiber bismuth-doped fiber laser”, Appl. Phys.
Lett., 2007
A.B.Rulkov et al. “Narrow-line 1178 nm CW bismuth –doped fiber laser with
6.4 W output for direct frequency doubling”, Opt. Express, 2007.
V.V.Dvoyrin et al. “Effective Bi fiber lasers”, IEEE J.QE, 2008.
V.M. Mashinsky, V.V. Dvoyrin, E.M. Dianov. “New Results on the Efficiency
of Bismuth Fiber Lasers”, OFC’2008.
S. Yoo et al. “Bismuth-doped Fiber laser at 1.16 mm”, CLEO/QELS’2008.
S. Kivistö et al. “Tunable mode-locked bismuth-doped soliton fiber laser”,
submitted to Electron. Lett., 2008.
FORC
Scheme of a Bi-doped fiber laser and the absorption
spectrum of the Bi-doped fiber used
Bi-doped fiber: lc=1.1 mm; Mode field
diameter- 6.8 mm,
bismuth concentration - < 210-2 at%, l=50-80
m, lp=1070 and 1085 nm
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Efficiency of the Bi-doped fiber laser for four wavelengths and
the output spectrum for l=1215 nm
-20
unabsorbed
pump
-30
SRS
-40
a.u.(log)
laser
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
Wavelength, nm
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Output power of the Bi-fiber laser against the fiber
temperature at the pump power of 8W
1.8
Output power (1160nm), W
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
ls=1160nm
0.4
lp=1070nm
0.2
L=78m
Pin=8W
0.0
0
10
20
30
50
40
60
o
Temperature, C
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Averaged optical losses of the same Bi-doped fiber against
launched power at different temperatures
Absorption, averaged, dB/m
0.15
0.10
0.05
o
T=24 C, 1070nm
o
T=0 C, 1070nm
o
T=50 C, 1070nm
0.00
1
10
40
Launched power, W
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15W CW bismuth fiber laser
0.8
0.7
0.6
l, nm
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
L=52m
L=78m
0.1
0.0
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Laser output power (1160nm), W
Bandwidth of the Bi laser radiation vs. the output power of the Bi laser.
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Frequency-doubled bismuth fiber laser
Motivation: medicine, astrophysics
PPLN (Global Fiberoptics, Ltd)
Output spectrum of yellow light
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Желтый лазер
AlInGaAs/InP
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Bi-doped fibers for the 1300-1500 nm spectral
region
mark
Core glass composition,
(consentration in mol.%,)
a
PGSB 83.5SiO2-1.5P2O5-15GeO2
b
GSB
85SiO2-15GeO2
c
PSB
92.5SiO2-7.5P2O5
d
ASB
97SiO2-3Al2O3
Dianov et al. “Luminescence and lasing of Bi-doped fibers in a spectral region
of 1300-1520 nm”, submitted to OFC’2009.
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Emission and gain spectra of PGSB fibers
Emission spectra of PGSB fibers pumped
1 at lp=1230 nm and
2 lp=808 nm;
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Variation of the on/off gain with signal wavelength
for a PGSB fiber pumped at
3 fiber length L=30 m lp=1230 nm and
4 fiber length L=13 m lp =808 nm.
FORC
Output emission spectra of Bi-doped fiber lasers
I.A. Bufetov et al. “Bi-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers for a spectral
region of 1300–1470 nm”, Opt. Lett., 33, 2227-2229 (2008)
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Output power of BFLs
as a function of absorbed pump power at T=300K
The efficiency of the laser at T=77K is shown in brackets.
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What is a nature of Bi-related centers
emitting in near IR?
•Bi5+ - Fujimoto and Nakatsuka, 2001
•Bi+ - X. Meng et al., 2005
•BiO – J. Ren et al., 2006
•Bi2, Bi2-, Bi22- - Khonthon et al., 2007; Sokolov et
al., 2008
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Sh.Zhou et al, Bi-doped Nanoporous Silica
Glass, Adv. Funct. Mater., 18, 1407, 2008
glass A (air) lp=280nm, le=465nm (Bi3+)
glass B (argon) lp=280nm, le=465nm (Bi3+)
lp=483nm, le=590nm (Bi2+)
lp=532nm, 980nm, le=1100nm (Bi+?)
lp=800nm, le=1400nm (Bi+?)
glass C (hidrogen) no emission
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Extinction coefficient of Mg-Al-Si glass
at the peak wavelength 500 nm versus Bi2O3 concentration
B.Denker et al., ”Absorption and emission properties of Bi-doped Mg-AlSi oxide glass system”, submitted to Appl. Phys. Lett., (2008).
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Fluorescence spectra are
vertically shifted for clarity;
fluorescence intensity is about
zero at 1800 nm for
all samples.
M.Yu. Sharonov et al. „Spectroscopic study of optical centers formed in Bi-, Pb-, Sb-, Sn-, Te-,
and In-doped germinate glasses“, Opt. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 2131-2133, 2008
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Conclusion
• Demonstration of Bi-doped fiber laser generation
in a spectral region of 1140-1500 nm represents a
significant milestone towards producing efficient
fiber lasers and wideband optical amplifiers for
this spectral region.
• Unforeseen properties of Bi in glasses might
hinder development of practical Bi-doped fiber
lasers and amplifiers.
• Further vast fundamental researches of properties
of Bi in glasses are necessary.
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