Transcript 全新版大学英语1-1

Unit 1
Growing Up
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Unit One Growing Up
1
Previewing Assignments
• Translation
• Beautiful Expressions
• Recitation
Back
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Unit One Growing Up
2
Previewing Assignments
• Translation
• 1. Line 1~3;Para.1.
• The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and
on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my
third year in high school that the possibility took hold.
• 从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续
地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才
有了实现的可能。
• 2. Line 6~8; Para.1.
• I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless
paragraphs that were agony for the teachers to read
and for me to write.
• 我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛
苦。
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Back
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Previewing Assignments
• 3. Line 1~2; Para.3.
• I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and
for a long time was not disappointed.
• 我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上一
年，不少日子过去了，还真不出所料。
• 4. Line 6~9; Para.3.
• I took the list home and did nothing until the night
before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally
faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my
notebook, and scanned it.
• 我把作文题带回家，一直没写，直到要交作业的前—天晚上。
我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记
本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。
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4
Previewing Assignments
• 5. Line 6~9; Para.6.
• I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr.
Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I
saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the
class’s attention.
• 我正准备遵命一放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他
从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。
• 6. Line 3~4; Para.9.
• In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I
discovered a calling.
• 就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做
的事。
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Unit One Growing Up
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Previewing Assignments
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Beautiful Expressions:
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断断续续
对…感到腻味
觉得…枯燥难懂
以…而出名
据说某人…
拘谨刻板，落后于时代
随笔小品文
躺在沙发上
不得不面对…
围坐在晚餐桌旁
…重现在我脑海中
自得其乐
违反规定
不及格分
别无选择，只好做…
更重要的是，而且
专心地听
乐呵呵地开怀大笑
心花怒放
最后的时刻
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off and on
be bored by
find … dull and difficult
have a reputation for …
sb. be said to be …
formal, rigid and out-of-date
informal essay
lie on a sofa
face up to …
be seated around the supper table
… reawake in my mind
for my own joy
violate the rules
a failing grade
There is no choice but to do …
what’s more
listen attentively
laugh with open-hearted enjoyment
pure delight
at the eleventh hour
Unit One Growing Up
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Previewing Assignments
• Beautiful Expressions:
• 1.直到高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。
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It wasn’t until my third year in high school that the
possibility took hold.
• 2.他在学生中以其说话干巴和激励无术而出名。
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He had a reputation among students for dullness and
inability to inspire.
• 3.老师发下来一张家庭作业纸, 出了不少题目供我们选择。
• The teacher distributed a homework sheet offering us a
choice of topics.
• 4. 我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。
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The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating
Spaghetti.”
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Previewing Assignments
• Beautiful Expressions:
• 5. 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。
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This title produced an extrordinary sequence of mental
images.
• 6.交大之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来。
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Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Jiaotong
University.
• 7.等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规
蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。
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When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no
time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr.
Fleagle.
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Previewing Assignments
• Recitation
• Beautiful expressions
Back
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Text Organization
• 1. Please circle all the time words, phrases and clauses in Text A.
narration in ____________
chronological sequence.
• Structure of the text: ________
• 2. Refer to the time expressions you have just circled and
• 1) tell from which point on Baker starts talking about his new
experience? Which paragraph?
• 2) starting from which paragraph does Baker stop writing about
his new experience?
• 3. According to what you have found, how many parts can the
text be divided into? In what way?
three parts.
• The text can be divided into ________
• Part One: Paras 1 to 2;
3
5
• Part Two: Paras ______
to _____;
6 to 9.
• Part Three: Paras ____
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Main Idea
• Part 1:
• Baker was ______
bored by everything __________
associated _______
with
• English courses, including _______
essay ________.
writing
• Part 2:
attracted by one _________
particular topic and
• Baker found himself ________
his _____
own ______.
joy
wrote about it for ____
• Part 3:
• The experience of writing the essay helped him discover his
________
talent for writing and realize what he wished to take up as a
_________.
career
essence
• Main idea of the text: The _________of
writing is to write what
enjoys writing about.
one _______
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Detailed Learning of Part One
• Part One (Paras 1~2)

Global Reading
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Language Points
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Difficult Sentences
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Main idea
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Part 1 Global Reading
True or False
1. Baker had never thought of becoming a writer until
he was in the eleventh grade.
( F )
As a child in Belleville, he had thought of becoming
a writer from time to time.
2. Teachers found it painful to read students’ long and
lifeless essays.
( T )
Part 1 Global Reading
3. Before Mr. Fleagle became the English teacher for
Baker’s class, the English course had been interesting.
( F )
From the words “another cheerless year” we can see
the English course had been quite boring.
4. In Baker’s opinion, Mr. Fleagle was really a formal, rigid
and out-of-date teacher only because of Fleagle’s
manner of speaking. ( F )
Besides the manner of speaking, Fleagle’s appearance and
dress also showed that he was a dull and rigid teacher.
Back
Part 1 Language Points
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in particular:
especially, particularly
Example:
Many town people, in particular the kids suffered most
from the acid rain.
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be particular about
= be critical about
= find fault with
Example:
He is particular about food.
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Part 1 Language Points
• off and on (or on and off)
• from time to time, now and again
• Example:
• 雨已经断断续续下了一周了。
• It has been raining on and off for a week.
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Part 1 Language Points
• take hold:
• become established
• Example:
• The idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese
families.
• 老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成
前戒烟。
• Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop
smoking before the bad habit takes hold.
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Part 1 Language Points
• associate (with):
• join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind
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Example:
我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。
We often associate Egypt with pyramids.
Jim wished to forget everything associated with his
former life.
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Part 1 Language Points
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turn out:
1) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc.
2) prove (to be)
3) shut off
4) produce; make
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Match the above definitions with the sentences below.
A large group of protesters have turned out.
The school has turned out some great scholars.
Turn out the light before you go to bed.
The plan turned out a failure.
We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the
market requirements.
• The experiment turned out to be a success.
• Crowds turned out for the procession.
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Part 1 Language Points
• anticipate vt.
• expect
• (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause 宾语可以是动
名词，不可用不定式代替。)
• Examples:
• 他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。
• They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have
doubled by 2012.
• We anticipate hearing from you again.
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Part 1 Language Points
• tedious n.
• boring and lasting for a long time
• Example:
• The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it
was over.
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Part 1 Language Points
• inspire vt.
• fill (sb.) with confidence,
• agerness, etc.
• Example:
• Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speeches inspired people to
fight for equal treatment of African Americans.
• Collocation:
• inspire sth. in sb. (= inspire sb. with sth.)
• 使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情
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Part 1 Language Points
• rigid: adj.
• (often disapproving) fixed in behavior; based on
correct or accepted rules
• out of date: old-fashioned
• Cf. up to date
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Part 1 Language Points
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severe a.
1) completely plain
2) stern, strict
3) harsh; causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc
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Examples:
Earnest Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.
Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.
Only those who have undergone severe training can be
accepted into the air force.
• A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the
climate of severe business competition.
• We anticipate another severe winter.
• severe pain
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Part 1 Difficult Sentences
• Translation 1. Line 1~3; Para.1.
• The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and
on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my
third year in high school that the possibility took hold.
• 译：
• 从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续
地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才
有了实现的可能。
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Part 1 Difficult Sentences
• Translation 2. Line 6~8; Para.1.
• I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs
that were agony for the teachers to read and for me to write.
• Paraphrase the sentence:
• I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by
teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.
• 译：
• 我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。
Back
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Part 1 Main Idea
• Main Idea of Part I
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Detailed Learning of Part Two
• Part Two (Paras 3~5)
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Cultural Knowledge
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Global Reading
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Language Points
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Difficult Sentences
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Main idea
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Spaghetti
• Spaghetti is the Italian-style thin noodle, cooked by boiling
and served with sauce.
• Usually you would put a fork into a plate of spaghetti, turn
the fork several times so that spaghetti will wind around
the fork, then place the fork into your mouth.
• It’s impolite to suck!
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The American Educational System
• U.S students generally go through
kindergarten: under 5 years old
elementary / primary school (grades 1~6): 6~11 years old
junior high / middle school (grades 7~8): 12~13 years old
senior / high school (grades 9~12): 14~17 years old
college, institute, academy (学院), university
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Part 2 Global Reading
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Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
B
1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagle’s English course was __________.
A. interesting
B. dull
C. hopeful
D. attractive
2. In Baker’s opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My
D
Summer Vacation” was _________.
A. dull
B. unfruitful C. difficult
D. foolish and dull
3. Baker liked to write a composition with the title “The Art of Eating
Spaghetti” because __________.
D
A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti before
B. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supper
C. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new then
D. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A
A. You’ll not write a good composition until you like the topic.
B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.
C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Baker’s compositions before.
D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.
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Part 2 Language Points
• tackle vt.
• deal with
• Example:
• The question set by the teacher was so difficult that
the pupils did not know how to tackle it.
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Part 2 Language Points
• face up to
• be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or
difficulty)
• Example:
• 既然你现在已经长大了，你必须要面对作为一个成年
人应负的责任。
• Now that you have grown up, you’ll have to face up to
the responsibilities of being an adult.
• face up to the fact that …
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Part 2 Language Points
• sequence n.
• connected line of events, ideas, etc.
• Example:
• 连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国
援助（foreign aid）。
• A sequence of bad harvests forced some African
countries to ask for foreign aid.
• Please keep the cards in sequence; don’t mix them up.
• The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical
sequence.
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Part 2 Language Points
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recall: vt.
bring back to the mind; remember
(usu. followed by noun/gerund, or that-clause)
Examples:
I recognize the face but can't recall her name.
我不记得曾经见过她。
I don't recall ever meeting her.
她想起来下午要再去看医生。
She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that
afternoon.
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Part 2 Language Points
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Cf. respectable/respectful/respective
respectable:
that can be respected; worthy of respect
respectful:
full of respect; showing respect
respective:
related to individual
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Examples:
respectful to his teacher.
He is _________
respectable family.
He was born of a ___________
We need to judge the __________
respective merits of each of the
candidates.
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Part 2 Language Points
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put down:
write down
Examples:
管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。
The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little
notebook.
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Part 2 Language Points
• violate: vt.
• act against
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• Example:
• Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic
regulations.
Back
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Part 2 Difficult Sentences
• Translation 3. Line 1~2; Para.3.
• I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and
for a long time was not disappointed.
• What does the author really mean when he says “I ... was not
disappointed”?
• 译：
• 我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上一
年，不少日子过去了，还真不出所料。
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Part 2 Difficult Sentences
• Translation 4. Line 6~9; Para.3.
• I took the list home and did nothing until the night
before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally
faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of
my notebook, and scanned it.
•
What can we infer from these sentences?
• 译：
• 我把作文题带回家，一直没写，直到要交作业的前—天晚
上。我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，
便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。
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Part 2 Difficult Sentences
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This title produced an extraordinary sequence of
mental images. (Para. 4)
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Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into
Chinese.
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At the sight of the title I saw an unusual series of
pictures in my mind’s eye.
• 译：这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。
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Part 2 Difficult Sentences
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Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville
when all of us were seated around the supper table —
Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal —
and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. (Para. 4)
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Analyze the structure of the sentence.
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在这个长句中，came flooding back 是谓语，其余的都是主语。
割裂修饰法。
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例如：
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A list has been drawn up of words we have learned so far.
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All is not gold that glitters.
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Part 2 Main Idea
Main Idea of Part II
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Detailed Learning of Part Three
• Part Three (Paras 6~9)

Global Reading
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Language Points
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Difficult Sentences
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Main idea
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Part 3 Global Reading
• Comprehensive Questions:
• 1. Do you think Baker would write another essay if
he had enough time? Why?
• 2. What was Baker prepared for when he found all
the papers had been given back but his?
• 3. Whose essay did Mr. Fleagle read to the class?
How did the class respond?
• 4. Which paragraph in this part gives readers the
impression that Baker’s essay was very good?
• 5. Why did Baker feel so delighted?
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Part 3 Language Points
• compose: vt.
• write or create (music, poetry, etc.)
• Examples:
• The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think
it was composed by himself or by someone else?
• John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for
his son.
little Lennon
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Part 3 Language Points
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Cf: compose / consist of / comprise / constitute
这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。
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compose 常见于被动语态，构成 be composed of 的结构，表示“由…构成”；
在用于主动语态时,一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或
者是集体名词。
Eg. Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.
England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.
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consist of 意为“由…构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：
Eg. New York City consists of five boroughs.
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comprise 可表示“由…构成”；也可表示“构成”。例如：
Eg. Fifty states comprise the United States.
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constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和
特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如：
Eg. Seven days constitutes a week.
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Part 3 Language Points
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turn in:
1. hand in; give over
2. deliver (a person or thing) to the police
3. give back; return
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Match the above definitions with the sentences below.
- The criminal turned herself in.
- For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper.
- You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army.
- Have you all turned in your homework for last night?
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Part 3 Language Points
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before conj.
after/until
“Two days passed before…”
= After two days had passed…
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Examples:
1) 五年过去了，我们再次相遇。
Five years later…
Five years went by before we met again.
2) 他们走了很远的路才到了村子。
They walked a long way before /until they finally
arrived at a village.
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Part 3 Language Points
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command:
1) n. order
Example:
The commander gave the command that all prisoners
of war should be well treated.
• 2) v. give an order to
• Example:
• The king commanded that the victory day become a
national holiday.
• Note:
• As with the verbs "suggest, demand", subjunctive
mood is used in a that-clause after command.
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Part 3 Language Points
• hold back:
• control
• Example:
• Hearing the tragic news, the old lady couldn’t hold
back her tears.
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Part 3 Language Points
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avoid: vt.
keep or get away from
(usu. followed by noun/gerund)
Example:
A
He took another path in order to avoid ______
(see) his
teacher.
• A. being seen by
B. seeing
• C. to see
D. to be seen by
• 英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不
定式，如：avoid，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，mind，
miss，postpone，suggest，feel like，give up，put off
等，我们在使用中要特别注意。
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Part 3 Language Points
• In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it
were, I had discovered a calling.
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the eleventh grade:
the third year in senior high school
the eleventh hour:
the last moment before sth. important happens
Example:
那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。
The president’s visit was called off at the eleventh hour.
as it were:
so to speak, to a certain extent
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Part 3 Language Points
• career: n.
• a job or profession for which one is trained and which one
intends to follow for the whole of one’s life
• Example:
• My farmer parents have never expected me to make novel
writing my career.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collocation:
carve (out) a career for oneself
闯出一番事业；谋求发迹
in (the) full career
开足马力地,全速地
make a career
在事业上有所成就
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Part 3 Language Points
• put / set the seal on:
• make sth. definite or complete
• Examples:
• A last-minute goal set / put the seal on Tottenham’s
victory.
• The experience set the seal on their friendship.
Back
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Part 3 Difficult Sentences
• Translation 5. Line 6~9; Para.6.
• I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle
immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my
paper from his desk and knock for the class’s attention.
• What’s the function of the word “when” in the sentence?
• The word “when” here doesn’t mean “at or during the time that”
(当…时). Instead, it means “and then” (在那时).
• More example:
• He had just drifted off to sleep when the bell rang.
• 译：
• 我正准备遵命一放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上
拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。
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Part 3 Difficult Sentences
• Translation 6. Line 3~4; Para.9.
• In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were,
I discovered a calling.
• 译：
• 就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做
的事。
Back
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Part 3
Main Idea
• Main Idea of Part III
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Post-reading Work
• The author’s writing techniques
• 1. Russell Baker is very good at selecting details to prove his
point.
• 2. Russell Baker employs repetition not only to make it easy for
readers to follow what he is saying, but also to impress them
deeply.
• 3. Baker is also expert in employing synonymous words and
phrases
• 4. Coherence (Para.1 vs Para. 9)
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Synonymous Words and Phrases
• Find out the synonymous words and phrases from Text A for
the words and phrases below.
• turn out (Para. 1):
• lifeless (Para. 1), cheerless, tedious
(Para. 2)
• write (Para. 1), put down (Para. 5),
compose (Para. 6)
• anticipate (Para. 2):
• prepare for (Para. 3)
• formal (Para. 2):
• rigid, prim, correct (Para. 2), proper,
respectable (Para. 6)
• dull (Para. 1):
•
• topic (Para. 3)
• vivid memories of sth. •
come flooding back to sb.
(Para. 4):
•
• recapture (Para. 5)
•
• contempt (Para. 8)
•
• pleasure (Para. 9)
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title (Para. 4)
sth. reawakes in sb’s mind; sb. recalls
sth. (Para. 4)
relive (Para. 5)
ridicule (Para. 8)
delight, happiness (Para. 9)
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Writing Assignment
•
A letter of congratulations, or congratulation letter, is used in both personal and
business situations. Its primary purpose is to formally congratulate someone on an
outstanding achievement. Certain types of congratulation letters are also referred to as
“commendation letters” in some situations. In order to write an effective congratulation
letter, you can follow the following tips:
•
-Write the congratulation letter as soon as possible after the fortunate event takes
place.
-State in the beginning the specific occasion that has motivated you to write your letter.
-Express praise and approval of the reader’s accomplishments.
-Keep your congratulation letter simple and concise —under one page in length.
-Be positive and don’t include any negative comments or unhappy news.
-Don’t suggest that the fortunate event should benefit the letter-writer in any way.
-Don’t exaggerate your congratulatory words, or your letter may seem sarcastic or
mocking.
-Edit your letter for correct structure, grammar, and punctuation.
-Don’t forget to spell check your letter.
-Wait some time and proof-read your letter again before sending it.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Exercises
• Vocabulary
• I.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
1) respectable
2) agony
3) put…down
4) sequence
5) hold back
6) distribute
7) off and on
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8) vivid
9) associate
10) finally vivid
11) turn in / turn out
12) tackle
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Exercises
2.
1) George has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris
office.
2) The man’s story was so extraordinary that I didn’t know
whether to believe him or not.
3) She had a clear image of how she would look in twenty
years’ time.
4) When the officer gave the command, the soldiers
opened fire.
5) As long as people keep buying bikes we’ll keep turning
them out.
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Exercises
• 3.
• 1) reputation / rigid / to inspire
• 2) and tedious / arguments / out of date ideas
• 3) compose / career / avoid showing / hardly hold back
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Exercises
• II. Synonyms in Context (p.14)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
composed
severe
agony
extraordinary
recall
command
was violating
anticipate
(wrote)
(plain)
(severe)
(unusual)
(remember)
(orders)
(broken)
(expected)
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Exercises
• III. Collocation (p.15)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Some common collocations:
black tea
strong tea
heavy traffic
assign … to + n.
congratulations on
have a good command of
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Exercises
• III. Collocation (p.15)
1. be angry at sth. (be angry with sb.)
2. be hungry for (be eager for)
3. be tired of sth.
4. be patient with sb.
5. be famous as (be famous for)
6. be clear about sth.
7. be opposite to sth.
8. be rich in…, be poor in …
9. be different from…
10. be dependent on (upon)…
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Exercises
• Comprehensive Exercises
• I. Cloze
• (A)
• (1) hold back
• (3) scanned
• (5) vivid
• (7) turn out (turn in)
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(2) tedious (dull, boring)
(4) recall
(6) off and on
(8) career
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Exercises
• (B)
•
•
•
•
•
(1) last
(3) pulled
(5) dressed
(7) extraordinary
(9) turn
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(2) surprise
(4) blowing
(6) scene
(8) image
(10) excitement
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Exercises
• II. Translation
• 1. As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as
Mother told me to.
• 2. His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit
of smoking before it took hold.
• 3. Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during
the next few months, they have decided to increase its
production.
• 4. It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the
company’s safety rules.
• Or: Bill is said to have been fired for continually …
• 5. It is reported that the local government has taken proper
measures to avoid the possibilty of a severe water shortage.
• Or: The local government is reported to have taken …
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Exercises
• II. Translation
• Susan lost her legs in a car accident.
• For a time, she did not know how to face up to the fact that she
would never be able to walk again.
• One day, while scanning books, she was attracted by a true
story.
• It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a
writer.
• Greatly inspired, Susan bagan to feel that she, too, would
finally be able to lead a useful life.
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Exercises
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