Transcript Diapositiva 1

TITAN SDR
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THE HF BAND
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Why is HF popular?
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Who uses HF?
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Refraction of ionosphere allows medium and long-range radio communication (by
skywave propagation)
Relatively low-cost equipment
International shortwave broadcasting , amateur radio, CB radios, safety (humanitarian
aims), security (law enforcement), aviation (compulsory for all trans-oceanic flights),
marine, military forces and for diplomatic interests (even as a back up of satellite
links), but also terrorist organizations
Who surveys HF?
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Radio amateurs (DXers)
Environmental protection agencies (electromagnetic pollution)
National radio frequency agencies (detecting interfering or illegal electromagnetic
emissions)
Security (national) agencies and foreign intelligence agencies
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CONVENTIONAL RADIO SURVEILLANCE
Spectrum analyzer
or scanner
Audio Recorder
NB Receiver
NB Receiver
Audio
matrix
HW Decoder
HW Decoder
NB Receiver
SW Decoder (PC)
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EVOLUTION TO SDR
Realtime Operation
BUFFER
ADC
FFT
Panoramic Spectrum
FFT
WB Spectrum
HW DDC (WB)
Acquisition receiver
SW DDC (NB)
SW DDC (NB)
HW DDC (Digital Down
Converter) as a dedicated
chipset or FPGA core
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Recording on mass
storage device
VAC
USB
SW Decoder
SW Decoder
Personal Computer
Interface by Virtual
Audio Cable
EVOLUTION TO SDR
Offline Operation
WB Spectrum
SW DDC (NB)
SW DDC (NB)
Personal Computer
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Archive
replay
VAC
FFT
SW Decoder
SW Decoder
LIMITATIONS OF CLASSIC SDR RECEIVERS
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Maximum number of NB channels significantly limited by CPU
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Spectral zoom strongly impacts CPU
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SW implementation of DDCs is computationally expensive (especially for WB
channels with large bandwidths)
Decoding /NB recording practically limited to about three channels in parallel
Smallest resolution bandwidths require large size FFTs, rising CPU load
considerably (FFT bins outside the displayed frequency span are discarded)
Performance not independent on frequency span
Just one WB channel
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Need for partitioning of acquisition bandwidth (into more WB channels), to
survey more spectral portions in parallel
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NOVEL APPROACH OF TITAN SDR
Adjacent subchannels are
transferred over the
USB interface
BUFFER
ADC
4X Filters Bank
USB
FFT
Panoramic Spectrum
FFT
Spectrum Assembler
SW Decoder
40X NB
Reconstructor
Filters Banks instead of
Digital Down Converters
Then NB
it performs
retuning,
Each
Reconstructor
filtering andadjacent
resampling of
aggregates
aggregate
subchannels
Personal Computer
VAC
TITAN RECEIVER
SW Decoder
THE NEW SIGNAL PROCESSING FEATURES
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Filters Banks on FPGA instead of WB DDCs
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Spectrum assembler
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WB channels are provided to PC as a collection of subchannels
Filters Banks perform pass-band filtering AND decimation, which both
downconverts and preserves throughput over the USB interface
WB Spectrum is obtained by composing individual subchannels spectra
(exploiting the power complementarity feature of filters responses)
While zooming, just needed subchannels spectra are evaluated, thus saving CPU
NB Reconstructors instead of NB DDCs
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NB channels are obtained by aggregating subchannels, retuning (digital
rotation), filtering and resampling
Processing is at low sampling rates, resulting in a reduced impact on CPU (with
respect to SW DDCs ) and allowing for many parallel NB channels
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TITAN SDR RECEIVER
16 Preselectors
USB
FPGAcontroller
(Xilinx Spartan
3ADSP)
Anti-aliasing lowpass
AD
Converter (16 bit, 80
Unbal/Balanced,
Msps)
amplification and noise
rejection filtering
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TITAN SDR - SOFTWARE FEATURES
Wideband Channels
WB3
Narrowband
NB1
of WB3of
Channels
WB3
TITAN SDR - SOFTWARE FEATURES: NB CHANNELS LIST
Output to VACs (Virtual Audio
Output by LAN to
or status
additonal audio
ChannelDemodulation
Bandwidth
modes
WAVoutput
file Cables)
recording
Audio card
List of NB
Channels
Tuning
frequency
software decoders
cards
TITAN SDR - SOFTWARE FEATURES
Each spectrum scope can be closed (x button), for better view of the others.
Typically the Panoramic Scope is closed after tuning of WB channels:
TITAN SDR - TECHNICAL SPECS
Frequency Range
100 kHz – 32 MHz (up to 40 MHz by IF Input)
Noise Figure
100 KHz - 1.5 MHz NF = 15.25dB
1.5 MHz – 32 MHz NF = 14.2dB
Preselectors (16)
Low Pass: 0-1.54 MHz
Band Pass (1.44-32 MHz): 1.44-2.07, 1.88-2.7, 2.4-3.46,
2.96-4.26, 3.56-5.12, 4.22-6.08, 4.88-7.03, 5.53-7.96,
6.46-9.31, 7.81-11.24, 9.74-14. 03, 12.53-18.05, 16.5523.17, 21.67-28.17, 26.67-32
Attenuation
0dB, 10dB, 20dB, 30dB
Clipping
-8dBm (@ 0dB Attenuation)
Wideband Channels
Number of Channels: 4
Bandwidths (kHz): 312.5, 625, 937.5, 1250, 1562.5 ,
1875, 2187.5
Maximum Total Bandwidth (kHz): 2187.5 , 1875,
1562.5 and 1250 for 1, 2, 3 and 4 Wideband Channels,
respectively
Narrowband Channels
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16 (Basic), 40 (Extended) or unlimited (only constrained
by PC hardware), independently tunable within Wideband
Channels
TITAN SDR - TECHNICAL SPECS
Panoramic Scope
0 Hz ÷32 or 40 MHz, 5kHz RBW
Wideband Scope
312.5 ÷ 2187.5 kHz, min RBW 19.07 Hz (Spectrum &
Waterfall)
Narrowband Scope
RF: 39.06 kHz, min RBW 19.07 Hz (Spectrum & Waterfall)
Audio: 5512.5 ÷22050 Hz , RBW 5.4 ÷ 21.5 Hz
(Spectrum & Waterfall)
Modes
SSB, AM, NBFM, CW, eSSB, FSK, DRM (Dream or DRM
Software Radio supported)
Selectivity
100 dB (Stop Band Attenuation)
Sensitivity
-116 dBm (0.34 µV) SSB at S+N/N=10dB, 15MHz, 2.4
kHz BW
Recording
One Wideband Channel (proprietary file format)
All Narrowband Channels (.wav files)
Interface to SW Decoders
By VAC (Virtual Audio Cable)
By LAN (support for Hoka Electronic software decoders)
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TITAN SDR - TECHNICAL SPECS
A/D Conversion
16 bit, 80 Msps
Image Rejection
90 dB typ.
IIP3
>37 dBm
SFDR
>108 dB
Alias Rejection
115 dB
Antenna Input
50 Ohm BNC
IF input
50 Ohm SMA - Bandwidth: 0.1÷ 40MHz
PC Interface
USB 2.0
Operating Temperature
0° - 40° (°Celsius)
Supply Voltage
9VDC +/-1V
Supply Current
2.5Amp
Dimensions
243mm x 52mm x 145mm (WxHxL)
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POTENTIALITIES OF THIS APPROACH
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Automatic detection of emissions
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Wideband spectra, though useful in locating time continuous emissions, are of
little or no help in detecting pulsed emissions, which occur at unknown
frequencies
Some aid would be highly appreciated in locating emissions when they occur,
especially in offline operation, when lengthy acquisitions have to be scanned for
activities
Each subchannel could be monitored on FPGA by a corresponding detector and
activities could be notified to the user and possibly recorded for later
consultation
Data compression
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As a consequence of detection, recording of WB channels could regard only
subchannels within which some activity is being revealed, thus dramatically
reducing storage requirements (even in terms of HD write speed)
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