Transcript Success of the socio-environmental movement in the Amazon

Successes and challenges of the
socio-environmental movement in
the Amazon Region
Acre state
Alberto Tavares - Economist
London June 2 – 2008
Cmmunities
and
Earth’s
Biomes
Forests
and
Livelihood
•
Over 90 % of the world's poorest people depend on
forests for livelihoods
•
More than a billion people living within the 19 forest
biodiversity “hotspots”
•
22% of all developing country forests owned by
communities
•
Community tenure will double again by 2020 to more
than 700 million hectares
•
21 million people live in Brazilian Amazon Region
•
~60% of public (state) lands are in the hand of local
communities
Amazon Rainforest
9 countries
Environmental
Servicesservices
of the Tropical
Forests
What are ecosystem
after all?
Air quality
Wild species & habitat protection
The Forest Climate Alliance
Watershed protection and regulation
Strategic Advice to National Policy Initiatives
Plant pollination
Biodiversity Offsets
Carbon sequestration and storage
Soil formation and fertility
Beauty landscape
Impacts of Climate Change in the Amazon Region
Dec-Jan-Feb
-The Amazon Region is one
of the two Brazilian
Climatic Hotspots
- The increase of
temperature can be a s
high as 8º C in some areas
Jun-July-Aug
Probability
of rainfall
reduction (%)
Amazon Land Tenure
Protected Areas
14%
Military Areas
2%
Private Land
22%
Públic Land 78%
Unclaimed Land
39%
Indigenous Land
22%
Source: Brazilian Forest Service (2008)
Big Challenge
deforestation 2006-2050
scenarium if business as
usual
fonte: IPAM
Main threats in Amazon Region
The size of the problem...
From 1988 to 2006:
• 345,000 km2 of
amazon
rainforest
deforested only
in Brazil
• São Paulo state
area= 248,000
km2
Federal Government Reaction
Reduction of Deforestation Plan
Since 2002:
• Involvement of 11 Ministries
• Main lines of action:
–
–
–
–
Landscape planning;
Support for economic sustainability
Government control
Monitoring (technology)
In December 2007
• Deforestation growth
– “embargo” on rural finance;
– Focus in the districts with highest deforestation
– Involve the market consumers of commodities
Social and Political Context
•
Deforestation does not generate much economic welfare;
•
Local communities present throughout the region depend on standing forest for
their livelihoods.
•
Insufficient actions to stop deforestation by the central government;
•
REDD Emissions have gained considerable attention by the international
community. Much funds have been promised but no clear framework is ready;
No clear public directive on how adaptation will be woven into development
policies in the region;
•
History of socio-environmental movement in the Amazon Region
Acre State
Sustainability Protagonists
Recognition of traditional communities as
protagonists of sustainable development, in so
far as they maintain natural resources and
provide environmental services for the planet
and humanity; and their role should be valued.
1970-1990
Forest People Alliance
Rubber tappers and indigenous people examples
Chico Mendes and the rubber tappers’ movement:
“Empates” against deforestation
Protagonists of sustainable development
Innovative Public policies
Strategies and alternatives for Sustainable
Development in Amazon Region: Government
(enviroment area); and NGO´s (civil society)
•Creation and implementation of Protected
Areas
•Comunity Forestry Production Chain and
Market for timber and no-timber products
•Sustainable Fishery
•Inclusion of Forest and carbon in Climate deal
(Bali-2007) – payment for reduction emissions
•Market transformation
•Capacity building of social capital
•Public and Private Polices
Public and private policies in Nacional/Regional Level
PACTO PELA VALORIZAÇÃO DA FLORESTA E PELO FIM DO
DESMATAMENTO NA AMAZÔNIA
October 2007
Ground-breaking initiative to establish commitment from diverse sectors of the Brazilian government and
society; to propose urgent actions to end deforestation in the Brazilian
Objective: reduce deforestation rate to zero by 2015
Main Goals
•Economic value of the foresta
•Recognise Legítimacy of traditional use of the forest resources (communities)
•Economic incentives
How is it going?
•Support of the governors of the states of the Amazon: AC, AM, MT, AP, as well as SP e MG;
•Federal parliament
•Civil Society
Instituto Socioambiental
(ISA)
Greenpeace
Instituto Centro de Vida
(ICV)
Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM)
The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Conservação Internacional (CI)
Amigos da Terra - Amazônia Brasileira
Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia
(Imazon)
WWF-Brasil
Public and private policies in Nacional/Regional Level
Project: Strengthen voices for better choices
Leader: GTA - Grupo de Trabalho Amazônico (Wokgroup from Amazon)
Stakeholders: Comunities organizations (extrativists and indiginous groups) and NGO´s.
Support: WWF-Brazil and IUCN
Goal: Construction of a Civil Society Agenda for Socio-environmental Public Policy of Acre state
Values of the project
•Involvement and participation of civil society actors from the start
•Strengthening networks
•Clear strategy for action
•Structure and process for Social Participation and good Governance
•Shared learning of multi-institutional governance processes
Process 2007-2008
Phase 1 - Studies on Participation policies
Phase 2 - Elaboration of Agenda and Policies
Phase 3 – Capacity-building and support for implementation of the agreed agenda
PES is a community’s right…
“At first I thought I was fighting to save rubber trees, then I thought I was fighting to save
the Amazon rainforest. Now I realize I am fighting for humanity.”
- Chico Mendes 1944
1988†
Thank you!
Alberto Tavares
[email protected]
Phone xx55 68 3244 1706