Transcript Implementing Hard Drives

Implementing Hard
Drives
Partitioning and Formatting
Process
Bootable Disks
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Any removable media that has a
bootable OS installed
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Floppy, CD-ROM, USB thumb drive
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All Windows and Linux installation CDs are
bootable
Partitioning and Formatting
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With Windows Installation CD
During text portion of install
 Can create single partition
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Partitioning and Formatting
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With Windows Installation CD
Allows you to set the size of the drive
 Minimum of 8MB up to size of drive
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Partitioning and Formatting
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With Windows Installation CD
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Can format the drive with a file system
NTFS Quick
NTFS Regular – checks the drive
Partitioning and Formatting
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With Windows Installation CD
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Can create multiple partitions
PATA Drive Letter
Assignments
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Primary partition of the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Primary master drive
Primary slave drive
Secondary master drive
Secondary slave drive
C:
D:
E:
F:
Then all logical drives in the extended
partition of the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Primary master drive
Primary slave drive
Secondary master drive
Secondary slave drive
SATA Drive Letter
Assignments
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Similar to PATA, but based on order set in
CMOS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Primary partition of the first drive
Primary partition of the second drive
Primary partition of the third drive
Etc.
All logical drives in extended partition of first
drive
All logical drives in extended partition of second
drive
All logical drives in extended partition of third
drive
Etc.
Disk Management
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GUI in Windows 2000,XP and vista
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Used to manage partitions
Part of Computer Management
Can be launched directly with diskmgmt.msc
Unallocated:
1-Empty space
on HD (not Ex
not Primary)
Creating a New Partition
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Alt-click in Unallocated space and choose New
Partition…
New Partition Wizard
Disk Management
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Creating a partition in Windows
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Pick partition type, size, and assign drive letter
Then choose propitiate format type ( FAT16, FAT32
or NTFS)
Creating a Logical Drive
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Once an Extended partition is created, you
may create logical drives in it
Dynamic Disks
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Dynamic Disks are a new type of storage
available since Windows 2000
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Not available in XP Home (avail in XP Pro)
Avail in Server 2000 and 2003
Can convert basic to dynamic
Converting dynamic to basic
causes all data to be lost
Regular drives are known
as basic disks
Dynamic disks are divided into
volumes instead of partitions
Dynamic Disks
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Spanning Volumes (one hard drive)
C:\ Volume 10 GB
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D:\ Volume 10 GB
D: drive is spanned to include unallocated space
C:\ Volume 10 GB
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30 GB Unallocated space
D:\ Volume 10 GB
30 GB Unallocated space
Effect is more space on D: volume
C:\ Volume 10 GB
D:\ Volume 40 GB
Dynamic Disks
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Extended Volumes (multiple hard drives)
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Simple volume spanned across multiple disks
C:\ Volume 10 GB
D:\ Volume 10 GB
New Disk – 80GB
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Effect is more space on D: volume
C:\ Volume 10 GB
D:\ Volume 90 GB
Dynamic Disks
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Simple volume like a primary partition
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Striped Volume (RAID-0)
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Mirrored Volume (RAID-1)
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Striped with Parity (RAID-5)
Formatting a Partition
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Can do in Windows Explorer
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Can do in Disk
Management
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But you cannot
format current
partition or primary
partition.
Maintaining and
Troubleshooting Hard Drives
ScanDisk and CHKDSK
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ScanDisk and CHKDSK check for bad
clusters on hard drives
Also checks for invalid file names and tries
to fix them
 Looks for lost clusters or chains that do not
have a filename associated with them and
deletes them
 Checks the links between parent and child
folders
 Launched via Error-Checking tools from
Windows Explorer
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Error-Checking
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Can check the drive
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Can be set to
automatically fix
errors
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Can scan for and
recover bad
sectors
Defragmentation
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Disk Defragmenter
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Consider using regularly (monthly or weekly)
Will slow down system while running
If not done, system may slow down due to
fragmentation
Can be scheduled
Disk Cleanup
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Allows you to purge system of unneeded files
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Files in the Recycle Bin
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Temporary Internet Files
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Downloaded Program Files
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Temporary Files
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Allowed us to compress file.
Troubleshooting
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Three broad categories
1.
Installation Errors
2.
Data Corruption
3.
Dying Hard Drives
Troubleshooting Installation
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Connectivity
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Hard drive error
No fixed disks present
HDD controller failure
NO boot device available
Drive not found
Solutions include
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Checking the cables to make sure they connected properly
Reseating the hard drive controller (if an expansion card)
Use autodetection in CMOS
Check the jumper settings
Some EIDE drives are incompatible on the same controller
Troubleshooting Installation
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CMOS
CMOS configuration mismatch
 No boot device available
 Drive not found
 Missing OS
 Solutions
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 Always
run autodetect in CMOS
Troubleshooting Installation
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“Trying to recover lost allocation unit” indicates the
drive is dying
Partitions
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Failing to partition
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Making the wrong size or type of partition
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Invalid drive specification error
extend partition
and you try to install OS
Format
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Failing to format
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Drive is not accessible
Invalid media type
Troubleshooting Corruption
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Data Corruption
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Caused by many things such as power surges,
accidental shutdowns, viruses, and more
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Show up as
 File
is missing or corrupt
 Download location information is damaged
 Unable to load file
 Cannot find command.com
 Error loading operating system
 Invalid boot.ini
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Try running Error Checking utility
Troubleshooting Installation
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Corrupted data on bad sectors
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The built-in error correction code (ECC)
checks the drive for bad sectors
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Disk checkers can be used for fixing problems
pertaining to corrupted data
Troubleshooting Dying HD
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Dying hard drive
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The following sounds indicate a drive about
to die
 Continuous
high-pitched squeal
 Series of clacks, a short pause, and then more
clacks
 Continuous grinding or rumbling
Boot drive issue would show up as “no boot
device present”
 Second drives simply do not show up
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Third Party Partition Tools
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Third-party partition tools allow you to
create, change, and delete partitions
without destroying the data
PowerQuest’s Partition Magic
 VCOM’s Partition Commander
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