Transcript Slide 1

Student Health and Safety
Information
The body cools itself largely through evaporation of
sweat. Sweating is a good thing!
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Heat exhaustion—The body overheats when body
fluids are lost through sweating. Body
temperature remains below 104◦F.
Heat stroke—life-threatening. The person’s
cooling system which is controlled by the brain
stops working and the internal body temperature
rises to the point where brain damage or damage
to other organs may result (temperature may reach
105+◦F).
When it is very humid, the body’s cooling
mechanism isn’t very effective.
The body loses a combination of fluids and salts
(electrolytes)
When this is accompanied by an inadequate
replacement of fluids, disturbances in the
circulation may result that are similar to a mild
form of shock.
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Often pale with cool, moist skin
Sweating profusely
Muscle cramps or pains
Feels faint or dizzy
May complain of headache, weakness, thirst,
and nausea
Core temp elevated—usually more than 100°F
(but less than 104°F) with increased pulse rate
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Unconscious or has abnormal mental status
(dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, or coma)
Flushed, hot, and dry skin (although it may be
moist initially from previous sweating or from
attempts to the cool the person with water).
Your body isn’t sweating anymore (cooling
mechanism has failed).
May be hyperventilating
Core temperature of 105° or more
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Rest in a cool, shaded area
Give cool fluids such as water or sports drinks
Loosen or remove excessive clothing
Apply cool water to skin (behind the neck and
under the arms are good places)
Do not use an alcohol rub or alcohol period
Do not give any beverages containing alcohol
or caffeine
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CALL 911 immediately!
Until EMS arrives, here are a few things you
can do:
Move the person to a cooler environment
Moisten the skin with lukewarm water and
use a fan to blow cool air across the skin
Give cool beverages by mouth only if the
person has a normal mental state and can
tolerate it
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Drink before, during and after practices and
games
Drink 17-20 oz of water/sports drinks with 6
to 8%Carbohydrate concentrations 2-3 hours
before exercise
Drink another 7-10 oz of water/sports drink
10-20 minutes before exercise
Drink early—by the time you are thirsty, you
are already dehydrated
Within 2 hours, drink enough to replace any wt
loss from exercise
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Carbohydrate concentrations greater than 8%
have a slower gastric emptying rate and
contribute to dehydration
Salt should never be added to drinks and salt
tablets should be avoided
Cool beverages at temperatures between 50-59
degrees F are recommended for best results
with fluid replacement
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Drinks with Carbohydrate (CHO) concentrations
of greater than 8% should be avoided
Fruit juices, CHO gels, sodas, and sports drinks
that have a CHO greater than 6-8% are not
recommended during exercise as sole beverages
Beverages containing caffeine, alcohol, and
carbonation are not be used because of the high
risk of dehydration associated with excess urine
production, or decreased voluntary fluid intake.
Monster , Red Bull and similar drinks are extremely
dangerous and should be avoided all together!
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Concussion: a jarring injury to the brain
Brain Contusion: a bruise of the brain. This means
there is some bleeding in the brain, causing
swelling
Skull Fracture: when the skull cracks. Sometimes
the edges of broken skull bones cut into the brain
and cause bleeding or other injury
Hematoma: bleeding in the brain that collects and
clots, forming a bump. A hematoma may not be
apparent for a day or even as long as several
weeks. Be watchful for headaches, listlessness,
balance problems or vomiting.
It’s usual for someone with a head injury to have a
headache, nausea, and to feel dizzy right after a
head injury. Other symptoms may include ringing
in the ears, neck pain, and feeling anxious, upset,
irritable, depressed or tired. One may also have
problems concentrating, remembering things,
putting thoughts together or doing more than one
thing at a time. It’s common for someone who’s had
a head injury to forget the events right before,
during and right after the accident. Following
recovery, the ability to learn and remember new
things almost always returns.
Symptoms may be sudden or delayed (even by days)
 Any symptom that is worsening such as headaches,
nausea or sleepiness
 Nausea that doesn’t go away
 Changes in behavior such as irritability or confusion
 Dilated pupils or pupils of different sizes
 Trouble walking or speaking
 Drainage of bloody or clear fluids from ears or nose
 Vomiting
 Seizures
 Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs
A “burner,” also called a “stinger,” is an
injury to one or more nerves between
your neck and shoulder. It’s not a
serious neck injury. Burners are not
uncommon with football players.
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Your shoulder is pushed down at the same
time that your head is forced to the opposite
side. This stretches nerves between your neck
and shoulder
Your head is quickly moved to one side,
pinching nerves on that side
The area above your collarbone is hit directly,
bruising nerves
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Don’t just assume it is a burner. If you have
burning, stinging, numbness or tingling in your
arms or legs, stop what you are doing until
your coach or trainer can assess you.
Burners happen in only one arm at a time. If
both of your arms or one arm and a leg are
hurt, you may have a serious neck injury, not a
burner.
Rule changes that eliminated the head as the
initial contact point in blocking and tackling
have significantly reduced head and neck
injuries.
Remember—
1. Keep the head up.
2. Keep the head out of contact.
3. Helmet must fit properly.
This occurs when an athlete who has already sustained
A head injury, sustains a second head injury before
symptoms have cleared from the first injury.
A 2nd blow to the head, even if it a minor one, can
result in a loss of auto regulation of the brain’s blood
supply. This leads to brain swelling and increased
intracranial pressure. The average time from second
impact to brainstem failure is quite rapid, taking
2-5 minutes.
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Occurrence is rare
First of all, avoid returning until symptoms
from 1st injury resolves.
Within seconds or minutes of the 2nd impact,
the athlete who is conscious yet stunned may:
Collapse to the ground
Become semicomatosed with rapidly dilating
pupils
Have loss of eye movement
Respiratory failure
Anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone.
They are used illegally by athletes and others to increase muscle mass and
To reduce body fat.
Steroid actions:
1. Increase in wt gain and lean body mass
2. Enhanced endurance
3. Decrease in the recovery time after injury
Psychological effects:
1. Euphoria
2. Increased motivation
BUT:
HIGHER LEVELS OF AGGRESSION
VIOLENT OUTBURSTS
EXTREME MOOD SWINGS
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Can cause irreversible liver damage and cancer
Cardiovascular system can be damaged
Reproductive system can be damaged
Cholesterol levels often increase
Blood pressure is most often elevated
Increases heart attack and stroke chances
Decreases fertility
Increases ligament and tendon ruptures
Growth is affected resulting in decreased
height
It is produced naturally by the body—
each of us has varying levels stored in
our muscles depending on our diets,
activity levels and genetics.
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Creatine in the body aids in the regeneration of
ATP, the energy source that gives muscles the
ability to contract
It helps muscles recuperate quickly in athletes
who specialize in sprints and quick bursts of
activity
It is not been proven to be beneficial to
endurance athletes
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There is a link to the increase in muscle strains
and pulls in athletes using creatine
Creatine draws fluid into the muscles taking it
away from the vital organs which results in
rapid dehydration
The combination of creatine supplementation,
high heat, and high humidity could be deadly!
Not regulated by the FDA therefore the
manufacturers are not required to list all of the
contents of the package
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Evidence that it causes:
Muscle cramps
Stomach discomfort
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS ARE UNKNOWN
Is not recommended for anyone younger than the age
of 18 or are still developing. A recent survey of
the Association of Professional Team Physicians
indicated 85% would not recommend creatine
until more research was completed.
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“Andro” is a nutritional supplement that can
be purchased OTC by anyone of any age. In
the body it is converted to testosterone and
estrogen.
It has no muscle building effects of its own but
it can allow athletes to train harder and recover
from exercise more quickly.
Side effects are similar to steroids
Banned by the NCAA, NFL and International
Olympic Committee
GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid)
 GBL (gamma butryolactone)
 BD (butanedoil)
It is illegal to manufacture and distribute these
products. They are used to make floor stripper,
paint thinner, and other industrial products. These
ingredients can cause breathing problems, coma,
vomiting, seizures and sometimes death. More
than 122 serious illnesses and 3 deaths have been
attributed to these products. These ingredients can
be found in numerous dietary supplements for
bodybuilding, weight loss, and sleep aids.
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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Staph are very common bacteria that can be found
on the skin and in the noses of everyone. Most
“staph” species never cause an infection; but
when skin is broken or punctured, staph
bacteria can enter into the wound and cause
infection. MRSA is a form of staph that has
become resistant to certain antibiotics.
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Through the air
On contaminated surfaces
Person to person—dirty hands and fingernails
Can also be transmitted from person to person by
“Carriers”(according to the CDC, 20-30% of
adults and children in the U.S. are colonized
with staph. This means that the bacteria are
present but do not cause illness).
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WASH YOUR HANDS!!!!!
Keep your hands away from your nose and groin
Do not share towels, soap, lotion, razors, or
deodorant
Shower with soap and water asap after direct
contact sports
Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers to wash hands
immediately when hand washing is unavailable
Wash hands after sneezing, blowing, or touching
your nose; before and after close contact; and after
using the toilet.
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Always finish your antibiotic and follow your
course of treatment exactly as your Physician
explained to you.
Never insist on antibiotics for a viral infection like
a cold or the flu.
Discard any unused pills from old illnesses and
don’t store any leftover antibiotics in your
medicine cabinet.
Don’t share antibiotics!
Don’t go to Mexico for antibiotics that you think
may help—drugs are very specific to the type of
bacteria it kills.
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We don’t take all of our antibiotic because we start
feeling better. It kills the weak ones first and
leaves the “super-bug” behind.
We take antibiotics when we don’t need to. The
bacteria works up a resistance and gets stronger.
Antibiotics do not work on viruses—they are only
effective on bacteria.
Vets give antibiotics to calves for stress and are
given to other animals to make them fatter quicker.
In time the bacteria in these animals develop
resistance to these drugs and that resistance is
passed on to humans.
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TELL YOUR COACH
IMMEDIATELY!!!!!!!!!
If you are embarrassed and don’t want to tell
them, it only delays your treatment and you
may be infecting others.
You can still play, it just has to be covered. If
you follow school protocol, there is no need for
you to be sidelined.
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Take all your prescribed medication, even after
the infection seems to have healed.
Keep wound covered at all times.
Take special care when removing and
disposing of bandages with drainage
Towels and linens should be changed out daily
Call your Physician if:
The infection is no better after 3-4 days
The infection keeps getting worse
You develop a fever or your fever worsens
UIL requires each athlete to be assessed by a Physician and
cleared for physical activity prior to participation. It is the law!
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An abrupt occurrence where the heart ceases to
function and results in death within minutes
It is not a heart attack
It is usually due to a malfunction of the heart’s
electrical system.
Sudden cardiac death in athletes is usually
caused by a previously unsuspected heart
disease or disorder.
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy—hereditary condition in which the
left ventricle thickens. Most common cause for sudden cardiac
death in U.S. athletes.
Coronary Artery Abnormalities—present from birth but can be
silent for years until vigorous exercise.
Commotio Cordis—concussion of the heart muscle when struck
suddenly by such things as a baseball. This is actually a rare
occurrence.
Marfan Syndrome: hereditary abnormality of the ligaments and
tendons of the heart. The wall of the aorta can become weak and
rupture.
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome—extra conduction fiber that can
allow for rapid heartbeat and ventricular fibrillation.
Long QT Syndrome—hereditary abnormality of the heart’s
electrical system. Rapid heartbeat can lead to v-fib.
Recreational Drug Use—even someone with a completely normal
heart can develop v-fib and die suddenly due to drug use.
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Palpitation—feeling fast or skipped heart beats
Dizziness—feeling lightheaded
Chest Pain or chest tightness with exercise
Shortness of Breath
Syncope—fainting or passing out
SB 82 Requires Schools in the State of Texas to
have any athlete who loses consciousness to be
assessed by a Physician (and cleared) prior to
their return to physical activity.
A disease that affects
the way
A person breathes.
During an attack, the muscles
surrounding the airway
Tighten. This causes the inside of the
airways to constrict and become clogged
with mucus. Both constriction and
inflammation make breathing
difficult and labored.
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Wheezing
Chronic cough (especially at night)
Labored breathing
Difficulty breathing with exercise
Rapid breathing
Gasping or sighing
Chest tightness
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Allergens (molds, animal dander or hair)
Exercise
Irritants (cigarette smoke, wood smoke,
strong odors, cleaning agents, air
pollution)
Weather
Certain Medications
Strong displays of emotion (anxiety,
crying, yelling, even laughing hard)
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Preventative Medications—keep the airways
open by relaxing the muscles surrounding
them to prevent airway constriction from
occurring in the first place
Rescue Medications (rescue inhalers,
“puffers”)—work quickly to open the airways
during an attack. They relax the airway by
relaxing airway muscles but do not provide
long-term asthma control or
help prevent future attacks.
Take Care of Your Cobra Heart