Transcript Document

MC activity
Silvia Muraro
INFN Milano
LNS 18-19/11/2010
Summary:
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Pencil beam database production
Realistic beam database
Biological models coupled with FLUKA
FIRST apparatus simulation
What’s new in FLUKA 2010
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Pencil beam database production
Realistic beam database
Biological models coupled with FLUKA
FIRST apparatus simulation
What’s new in FLUKA 2010
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Pencil beam database
C database
• Problems found in the C database pencil beam are fixed
• Accomplished a new production
Li database
• Accomplished a new production
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Li database
40 MeV/n
Slides distribution
in the peak region
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Li database
240 MeV/n
Slides distribution
in the peak region
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Range vs Energy: Li & C
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Li & C
entrance and
tail regions
Li and C at the same depth (10
and 20 cm).
Peak high normalized at 1.
Lithium tail lower than Carbon tail
Entrance regions are similar for
Lithium and Carbon
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Pencil beam database production
Realistic beam database
Biological models coupled with FLUKA
FIRST apparatus simulation
What’s new in FLUKA 2010
18/19 Nov 2010 LNS
Silvia Muraro - INFN Milano
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Nozzle CNAO database
The work for the generation of the database with the nozzle
CNAO is started.
Beam characteristics:
FWHM in X and Y = 8 mm
in input to the nozzle
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Nozzle
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New version of the geometry production software
including the insertion of the CNAO nozzle
Included in the geometry the possibility to add PMMA range shifters
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To be done:
1. Estimate the variation of the Bragg peak position with and
without Ripple filter
2. Evaluate if the slices position algorithm is still suitable
Ripple
filter
layout
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Pencil beam database production
Realistic beam database
Biological models coupled with FLUKA
FIRST apparatus simulation
What’s new in FLUKA 2010
18/19 Nov 2010 LNS
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Biological models
coupled with FLUKA
Article published this year:
Phys. Med. Biol. 55 (2010) 4273–4289 doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/15/006
The FLUKA Monte Carlo code coupled with the local effect model for
biological calculations in carbon ion therapy
A Mairani, S Brons, F Cerutti, A Fasso’, A Ferrari, M Krämer, K Parodi, M
Scholz and F Sommerer
NEW routine for linear-quadratic weighting of dose,
Damage = αD + βD2 using experimental / model derived parameters
is on the way and it will be available to all the users in a next release.
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The simulation of the biological
effect in the FLUKA code is carrying
on following the theory of dual
radiation action (TDRA) (Kellerer
and Rossi 1978) that has been used
in Krämer and Scholz (2006) for the
low dose approximation approach.
TDRA
FLUKA
At the end of the simulation we obtain the dose-weighted averages α and
β for the mixed radiation field.
The biological effect −ln(S), RBE-weighted dose DRBE and RBE are
calculated using the same formalism introduced in Krämer and Scholz
(2006):
LEM
From FLUKA
RBE-weighted dose
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In the same article:
LEM specific interface with the GSI Model tested and working
Measured (left) (Kramer et al 2003a) and calculated two-dimensional CHO survival
distribution: TRiP98 (center) (Kramer et al 2003a) and MC (right).
The black ‘H’ marks the intended target. The color-bar displays cell survival values.
We are working to generalize this application and
make it available for every user
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Pencil beam database production
Realistic beam database
Biological models coupled with FLUKA
FIRST apparatus simulation
What’s new in FLUKA 2010
18/19 Nov 2010 LNS
Silvia Muraro - INFN Milano
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FIRST apparatus simulation
In the last meeting in Frascati, we have been asked by
LNF group to help them to simulate the transport of optical
photons for the FIRST detector simulation .
10,2 cm
Specific source for the
production of optical
photons only
OPTIMIZATION OF
LIGHT GUIDE
AND
REFLECTOR
GEOMETRY
1,2 cm
20 cm
2 cm
2 cm
Materials:
Plexiglas, Aluminum, Air, Plastic Scintillator (optional)
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FLUKA transport of
“optical photons”
User can (must) set:
- Energy or wavelength of photons
- Absortion coeff as a function of E,l,w
- Refraction index as a function of E,l,w
- Rayleigh Scattering length [f(E,l,w)]
- Reflectivety of each surface [f(E,l,w)]
- Smearing of reflection (roughness of surfaces)
- Transmission coeff
- ....
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Optical photons into the light guide
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Pencil beam database production
Realistic beam database
Biological models coupled with FLUKA
FIRST apparatus simulation
What’s new in FLUKA 2010
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New features in Fluka2010
Already
experimented
in TPS
• The low energy ion interaction generator (BME) is now included
• The peripheral interaction part of BME has been deeply
improved
• The detailed treatment of electron profiles in Compton
scattering is now the default for all “precision” defaults
• The treatment of specific energy losses has been reworked,
with the addition of Z3 ( Barkas) and Z4 (Bloch) corrections,
re-calculation of shell corrections and effective charges.
• The Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect is now added to
pair production (was already in bremsstrahlung)
• Radiation damage to materials can now be simulated, both as
NIEL (non-ionizing energy losses) and DPA ( displacements per
atom)
• In addition to the standard beams, sources distributed in
volumes are now available, as well as a colliding beams source.
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New features in Fluka2010
Useful for
TPS and
FIRST
• A few compounds of dosimetric interest are now available as
pre-defined materials
• The generic quadric body has been added in the geometry
• Tranformations (roto-translation and scaling) of bodies are
now possible
• Scoring of net deposited charge has been introduced
• Scoring of arrival time is available in USRYIELD (for TOF)
• DOSEQLET : dose equivalent obtained folding with Q(LET)
from ICRP60
• The #include directive is available for the input file
• A new FLUKA user license has been adopted, very similar to the
previous one in the substance, please however read it.
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Platform requirements:
• The code is in fortran (mostly fortran 77), as well as
all user routines (but is easily interfaced to routines
in C++ etc.)
• The present version works only with the g77 compiler.
For 64 bit computers, the 32 bit compatibility
packages are required.
• gfortran version (new linux standard) is under test.
It will be no more possible to have the same version
on 32 and 64 bit machines…. Also random number
histories will be different in the two architectures…
• Gfortran will allow the use of MacOsX
• On Windows, a virtual-machine package can be
installed
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Geometry Editor 2D
• Debugging and editing bodies/regions in a graphical way
• Working on 2D cross sections of the geometry. Not a real
problem since most of the objects are 2D extruded in the 3rd
dimension
Pros
• Fast display of complex geometries
• Visual selection and editing of zones
• Use real curve of bodies with no conversion to vertices/edges
• Interactive debugging with information of problematic body
regions and zones
• No use of any additional hardware (plain X11 libraries)
Cons
• No interactive 3D display
• Blind in 3rd dimension[could be compensated with raytracing]
• Tricky to orientate in an unknown geometry
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Geometry Editor: Interface
Tools
View
Filter
Filtered
Objects
Red
Green
Properties
Blue
Magenta
Automatically refreshes whenSilvia
theMuraro
input- isINFN
changed
Milano
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Geometry Editor: Viewports
Other viewports are visible
with dashed lines
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Manipulating Viewport
• Dashed lines represent viewports
• Center is represented with a square
• When the other-viewport is outside the
view window, the viewport-line will be
displayed on the closest edge
Actions (select-tool + left mouse)
• drag the center square to reposition the
viewport
• drag the line close to the center to
reposition the viewport along the vertical
axis
• drag the extremities of the viewport-line to
rotate the viewport
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Geometry Errors
• “Errors in Geometry” notifies that are possible errors in the
geometry.
• Clicking the
icon displays the dialog with the errors.
• Touching surfaces are checked against 10 significant digits
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Geometry Errors
Geometry Errors
Input File Errors
x,y,z
body
+body
Coordinates of the error (on the surface of body)
Body with the x,y,z point on surface generating the error
Regions that are on the + side of the body.
Regions where the body should be subtracted to remove the error
-body Regions that are on the – side of the body.
Regions that the body should be intersected to remove the error
+/- of body are defined according to the normal on the surface.
+ refers to outside, - to inside
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Generic quadric: QUA
A QUA is the most generic quadric surface
It is defined by 10 coefficients in the following order:
Axx Ayy Azz Axy Axz Ayz Ax Ay Az A0
corresponding to the equation
Axx x2 + Ayy y2 + Azz z2 + Axy xy + Axz xz + Ayz yz + Ax x + Ay y + Az z + A0 = 0
or
[x
y
z
1]
Axx Axy/2 Axz/2
Axy/2 Ayy Ayz/2
Axz/2 Ayz/2 Azz
Ax/2 Ay/2 Az/2
Ax/2
Ay/2
Az/2
A0
x
y
z
1
=0
i.e.
rT MQUA r = 0
z
For example:
QUA EllHyper 0.25 1.0 -4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.0
is an elliptic hyperboloid with axis equal to z
QUA Cylinder 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -4.0
is an infinite circular cylinder of radius 2 with axis {z=-x,y=0}
(i.e. at -45o on the xz plane)
z
QUA EllParab 0.25 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.0 0.0
is an elliptic paraboloid with axis equal to z
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Directives in geometry:expansion(&reduction)
 $Start_expansion ... $End_expansion
it provides a coordinate expansion (reduction) factor f for all bodies
embedded within the directive
r’T MQUA r’ = 0
r = T r’
T=
f
0
0
0
0
f
0
0
0
0
f
0
0
0
0
1
$Start_expansion 10.0
SPH Sphere 5.0 7.0 8.0 50.0
$End_expansion
transforms a sphere of radius 50 centered in (+5,+7,+8)
into a sphere of radius 500 centered in (+50,+70,-80)
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Directives in geometry: translation
 $Start_translat ... $End_translat
it provides a coordinate translation Sx,Sy,Sz for all bodies embedded within
the directive
r’T MQUA r’ = 0
r = T r’
T=
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
Sx
Sy
Sz
1
$Start_translat -5.0 -7.0 -8.0
SPH Sphere 5.0 7.0 8.0 50.0
$End_translat
transforms a sphere of radius 50 centered in (+5,+7,+8)
into a sphere of radius 50 centered in (0,0,0)
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Directives in geometry: roto-translation
 $Start_transform ... $End_transform
it applies a pre-defined (via ROT-DEFI) Roto-translation to all bodies
embedded within the directive
Sx
r’T MQUA r’ = 0
r = T r’
R
T=
0
ROT-DEFI , 201.0, 0.,
+116.5650511770780,
0
0
Sy
Sz
1
0., 0., 0., cylrot
$Start_transform cylrot
QUA Cylinder 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -4.0
$End_transform
transforms an infinite circular cylinder of radius 2 with axis {x=-z,y=0}
into an infinite circular cylinder of radius 2 with axis {x=z/3,y=0} (clockwise rotation)
- it allows to rotate a RPP avoiding the use of the deprecated BOX !
- note that also the inverse transformation can be used
$Start_transform -cylrot
T-1
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We are close to make easier the construction of the
geometry of complex apparata as FIRST or other
accelerator environments
FLUKA Advanced Course exercise: Fluka simulation of a very simplified
accelerator based Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) facility
For documentation about the last FLUKA Advanced Course
see the FLUKA website: www.fluka.org
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Other new FLUKA features
Object runtime readjustment
It is possible to optimize the use of multi-core CPU
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Next tasks:
• Realistic beam database production
• Comparison with fragmentation data
• We are waiting for the input to simulate
radiobiological experiments of TPS
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Participation to FP7 project
ENVISION
• This project (involving LNS, Torino, Pisa and IBA
as well) the topic of imaging in hadron therapy
with light ions is addressed.
• FLUKA goals: optimization of models and
algorithms for simulation of PET in-vivo,
production of single photons, etc.
–
–
–
–
–
Collection of available data about gamma de-excitation cascades and their implementation)
Introduction into BME and rQMD of suitable accounting for angular momentum estimation
Improvements to the evaporation models (possibly spin/parity considerations, better
treatment of discrete levels/ground state)
Improvements to the gamma de-excitation model
Improvements to the Fermi break-up formalism
• TPS activity will take profit from this activity.
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Thank you